GB 18208.2-2001 Earthquake field work Part 2: Building safety assessment

This standard specifies the principles and methods for safety assessment of buildings in the earthquake zone at the earthquake site after a strong earthquake occurs. This standard applies to safety assessment of earthquake-affected buildings at the earthquake site during the expected earthquake action during the post-earthquake earthquake emergency response period. This standard does not apply to seismic assessment of buildings and dangerous buildings before and after the earthquake according to the requirements of seismic fortification intensity. GB 18208.2-2001 Earthquake Site Work Part 2: Building Safety Assessment GB18208.2-2001 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

GB 18208.2—2001
Chapter 10, Chapter 11 and Appendix B of this standard are recommended, and the remaining technical contents are mandatory. This standard is formulated based on the experience of earthquake damage in previous earthquakes and the practical experience of earthquake site safety appraisal, as well as the analysis and experimental research results of building anti-seismic performance, and with reference to the current relevant laws and standards. The main purpose of formulating this standard is to implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction", to do a good job in the safety appraisal of earthquake-affected buildings in earthquake site work, to ensure the safety of life and property of people in the disaster area, to resettle the victims as soon as possible, to restore normal social order, and to maintain social stability.
This standard is the second part of the "Earthquake Site Work" series of standards. This series of standards includes: Part I Basic Provisions (under formulation):
Part II Building Safety Appraisal;
Part III: Investigation Specifications; (GB/718208.3—2000) Part IV: Disaster Loss Assessment Specifications (under formulation). This standard is proposed by China Earthquake Administration and managed by the National Technical Committee for the Promotion of Earthquake Standards: This standard was drafted by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics of China Earthquake Administration. The main drafters of this standard are Ji Yucheng, Sun Paitao, Zhang Lingxin, Guo Endong, Sun Jingjiang, Shang JiuliantG
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Post-earthquake field works--Part 2:Safety assessment of buildings2001
GB 18208. 2
1.1 This standard specifies the principles and methods for safety assessment of buildings in the earthquake zone at the earthquake site after a strong earthquake occurs. This standard applies to the post-earthquake period, during which the earthquake-affected buildings are assessed for safety at the earthquake site in the expected earthquake action. This standard does not apply to the seismic assessment and dangerous building assessment of buildings before and after the earthquake according to the requirements of the seismic fortification intensity. 1.2 Safety assessment should be conducted on the following earthquake-affected buildings: a) Important buildings for earthquake relief and disaster relief; b) Public buildings and residential buildings with dense populations; and r) Buildings that have an impact on restoring normal social order. 1.3 In areas that have suffered severe destructive earthquakes, the following earthquake-affected buildings should be assessed first: a) During the earthquake relief and emergency period. a) Buildings that are in urgent need of restoration or use; b) Buildings used as disaster relief shelters that endanger the safety of disaster relief and bomb shelters; c) Buildings that produce, store, or store hazardous materials. 2 Cited standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. All parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB50023—1995 Building Seismic Assessment Standard [GJ125-1999 Dangerous House Assessment Standard
3'Definition
This standard adopts the following definitions:
3.1 Earthquake Site Safety Assessment assessrnent in past-earthquake fireelIn the emergency period after a strong earthquake, the safety of earthquake-affected buildings under expected earthquake effects is identified and assessed by checking the damage of the earthquake-affected buildings and the earthquake resistance of the original buildings. 3.2Expected earthquake effectExpected earthquake effectThe earthquake effect that the earthquake-affected buildings may suffer again is estimated based on earthquake analysis. It includes: a) earthquake effects with less intensity than the previous earthquake effects, referred to as small earthquake effects; h) earthquake effects with an intensity roughly equal to or greater than the previous earthquake effects, referred to as large earthquake effects. 3.3Safe buildingsafe:huilding
An earthquake-affected building can be used in the expected earthquake effect. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on February 2, 2001, implemented on August 1, 2001
GB18208.2-2001
3.4Temporarily unresidential buildings Buildings that may be damaged or cause serious property losses in the expected earthquake, and whose safety cannot be ensured, or whose earthquake resistance and safety cannot be assessed at the earthquake site. 3.5 Earthquake damage Earthquake damage refers to the general term for various phenomena such as earthquake damage and destruction of buildings after a strong earthquake. It is one of the main bases for building safety appraisal.
4 General assessment
4.1 Basic principles bzxZ.net
4.1.1 Safety appraisal of buildings should be comprehensively judged according to the earthquake action, the nature of the building's use, the current state of earthquake damage and the original earthquake resistance capacity, as well as the influence of the site, foundation and neighboring earthquake damage. 4.1.2 The size of the expected earthquake action is based on the judgment of the earthquake trend after the earthquake by the on-site earthquake relief headquarters. When there are two opinions on the situation analysis, the one with the stronger impact shall be used. 4.1.3 Determination of the seismic fortification level of the building. The original design of the anti-seismic fortification building or the fortification intensity in the seismic appraisal shall be checked by checking the current situation and adopted according to the verification results. For buildings that have not been seismically fortified, it can be determined on site whether the original building has reached the corresponding fortification intensity in the seismic appraisal standard (GB5023) before the earthquake.
4.1.4 Building safety appraisal. Only single buildings are quickly appraised. On-site appraisal is mainly based on visual inspection of its earthquake damage, checking building archives and earthquake damage prediction results and other information, asking users about the pre-earthquake condition of the structure and previous earthquake damage experience, and using instrument testing and structural verification when necessary. For the earthquake damage of the upper structure of the building, it is necessary to determine whether it is caused by the site influence and foundation failure. 4.1.5 Building safety appraisal, an appraisal opinion should be given immediately during the on-site investigation or during the on-site work, and the appraisal opinion form (Appendix A) should be filled in. For complex or important buildings, an appraisal opinion should be given within the agreed time. After the earthquake action changes and (or) is hit again, the safety of the building should be reviewed and the accumulated damage should be considered, and a new appraisal opinion should be given. 4.2 Classification
4.2.1 The results of the safety appraisal of earthquake-affected buildings are divided into two types. a) Safe buildings;
h) Buildings not in use temporarily.
4.2.2 The seismic fortification status of the original building is divided into two levels. 1) Class A: Built according to the fortification intensity requirements or meet the fortification intensity requirements in the anti-degradation appraisal standards; b) Class B: Technically seismic fortification.
Note: The anti-degradation fortification intensity of buildings is divided into: Grade A, Grade B, Grade C and Grade D. 4.2.3 According to the nature of use during the earthquake emergency period, the earthquake-affected buildings are divided into four categories: A, B, C and D. a) Class A buildings: buildings used as disaster relief shelters and command centers, b) Class B buildings: buildings that produce or store toxic, harmful and other dangerous items or cannot be interrupted during earthquakes, and public buildings where a large number of people are active during earthquake emergencies;
c) Class II buildings: public buildings and residential buildings with dense personnel; d) Class D buildings: other buildings except the above three types, also known as general buildings, 4.3 Basic requirements for safe buildings
4.3.1 Basic requirements for the current status of damage to safe buildings. 4.3.1.1 Class A safe buildings should have no exposed damage, or individual damage points that do not affect the bearing capacity and stability. If the building has been slightly damaged before the earthquake, it should not be extended during the earthquake.
4.3.1.2 For Class B safety buildings, the main structure and non-structural components have no earthquake damage, or there are individual damage points, but it does not affect the bearing capacity and stability; the damaged plastering or other decorations have no signs of falling or reoccurring in pieces or blocks: if the building has slight damage in front, it should not expand significantly during the earthquake.
GB 18208.2—2001
4.3.1.3 For Class C safety buildings, the main structure may have a small amount of slight earthquake damage, which does not affect the stability of the building structure, and the bearing capacity may be slightly reduced; the damaged non-structural components or decorations no longer have signs of falling after taking emergency measures; the original damaged parts may expand, but it does not endanger the overall and local safety of the building. 4.3.1.4 Class D safe buildings: The overall earthquake-affected buildings are slightly damaged, and some of the damage may be more obvious, which does not affect the overall and local stability. The bearing capacity of some components may decrease, and the overall stability may be slightly reduced; non-structural components and decorations may be damaged, or have fallen down, and after taking emergency measures, there are no signs of toppling or falling; the damage of the earthquake-affected buildings may be extended, but it does not endanger the overall and local safety of the building.
4.3.2 Basic requirements for the earthquake-resistant fortification of safe buildings. 4.3.2.1 When the expected ground action is small or roughly equivalent to the seismic action of an existing earthquake, the seismic fortification of various types of safe buildings may not be considered.
4.3.2.2 When the expected ground action is greater than the seismic action of an existing earthquake, the seismic fortification intensity of various types of safe buildings shall not be lower than the estimated seismic intensity.
4.3.3 Basic requirements for the surrounding environment of safe buildings: a) The site is stable, without landslides, bank collapses, liquefaction, flooding, etc. that endanger the safety of buildings; b) The bearing soil layer of the foundation is stable, without slippage, uneven settlement, and reduced bearing capacity; c) The seismic damage of adjacent buildings will not endanger the safety of the identified building. 4.4 Buildings not in use temporarily
Buildings that do not meet the requirements of Article 1.3 of this standard shall be identified as buildings that are gradually out of use. After emergency risk elimination of buildings not in use temporarily, safety appraisal can be carried out in accordance with earthquake-affected buildings. 5 Multi-storey masonry houses
5.1 General provisions
5.1.1 This chapter applies to earthquake site safety assessment of multi-storey houses (including single-storey bungalows) with load-bearing brick walls and block walls: 5.1.2 During the safety assessment, the walls, the connections at the junction of the walls, the roof components, the connection between the roof and the wall, and the parapets and roof basilica that are prone to cause injuries should be fully inspected for earthquake damage. During the inspection, the following should be distinguished: damage to decoration and decoration such as the plaster layer and earthquake damage to the structure; damage to load-bearing and non-load-bearing components; damage that existed before the earthquake and damage that has just occurred. 5.2 Allowable earthquake damage of various types of safety buildings
5.2.1 For Class A safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. 8) The connection between the wall and its joints, cracks on the wall body and plastering layer, and the cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand: the wall at the deformation joint may be damaged, but it will not affect the structural bearing capacity, and the width of the joint will not change; b) The floor components have no earthquake damage, and there is no sign of movement on the wall; the tile roof has no slippage or fall, but there may be slight signs of displacement; the cracks between the prefabricated panels before the earthquake have not expanded;
c) The parapet walls, chimneys, door faces and other non-structural components and the decorations at the ridge and corners of the exposed surface have no earthquake damage, or some have damage, but they will not become unstable and fall;
l) The outer corridors, terraces, water slopes, flower beds, guardrails, painted walls, etc. attached to multi-story masonry houses, when there is obvious earthquake damage, will not endanger the safety of the identified building.
5.2.2 Class B safety buildings, the location and degree of damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) Light cracks at the junction of walls; no cracks in the wall masonry, cracks or individual falling of the plastering layer, but no signs of large-scale falling; the damage to the wall before the earthquake may be slightly expanded; the degree of damage to the deformation joint is the same as that of Class A safety buildings;
b) The requirements for building roof components are the same as those of Class A safety buildings: the test roof may have a slight slip and slide, and the eaves tiles may fall; the cracks between prefabricated panels before the earthquake have no obvious expansion: there may be fine cracks between the ceiling and the wall, and the plastering layer and other surface decorations may have cracks or even individual small pieces falling; 19
GR 18208.22001
c) The damage to non-structural components and decorations on the roof is the same as that of Class A complete buildings d) The damage to the auxiliary buildings and small pieces attached to the house is the same as that of Class A safety buildings. 5.2.3 For Class C safety buildings, the location and degree of damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) There are no cracks at the joints of the walls, no cracks in the supporting beams and roof trusses, and no damage to the structural walls and ring beams; there may be occasional fine cracks in the load-bearing and self-bearing walls, cracks in the filling walls, and cracks in the walls that were cracked before the earthquake, which do not affect the stability and may slightly reduce the overall bearing capacity; there are cracks between the plaster layers and other surface finishes, or even pieces fall off; b) There is no damage to the concrete building components, no pins on the walls, and joints between the prefabricated panels; the brick arch roof is damaged, and the existing cracks before the earthquake have no obvious expansion; the wooden building has no damage to the concrete building components, no pins on the walls, and no joints between the prefabricated panels; the brick arch roof is damaged, and the existing cracks before the earthquake have no obvious expansion; The roof components are intact, but the joints may show signs of looseness. The tile roof may be dislocated and slipped, and the eaves tiles may fall off. The plaster layer and other surface decorations may have cracks and small pieces falling off. After taking emergency measures, there will be no more falling off. C) Non-structural components and decorations on the roof may have cracks, displacement, tilt and other damage phenomena. After taking emergency measures, there will be no more signs of tipping or falling.
d) The damage of the auxiliary buildings attached to the house may cause damage to the identified building, but it should not endanger the safety of the identified building.
5. 2. 4 For Class D buildings, the location and degree of damage should not exceed the following provisions. 1) There are no cracks in the joints of the walls: the bricks have no earthquake damage, and the walls supporting the beams and roof trusses have no vertical cracks; the load-bearing walls have slight cracks, and occasionally some individual cracks are more obvious. The walls that have cracked before the earthquake may expand, but they do not affect the stability. The overall bearing capacity may be slightly reduced, and some individual wall sections may have a significant decrease; there are no cracks in the structural columns, and there are occasional micro-cracks between the wall columns and earthquake damage caused by poor construction. The surface decoration and filling wall damage such as the plaster layer are the same as Class C safety buildings; b) There is no earthquake damage to the concrete upper floor roof components, and occasionally some individual components on the wall show signs of looseness. The cracks between the precast panels and the cracks that have reached the top of the wall before the earthquake can be seen expanding, which does not seem to endanger the overall and overall situation of the building. Safety of the entire building; the arch of the brick arch roof has no cracks, the arch foot has no obvious displacement, the tie rod is not loose, and the cracks that existed before the earthquake have no obvious expansion; the wooden roof components are not damaged, the roof trusses have no obvious tilt, the nodes may have signs of looseness, but the doors are not loose, the eyes are not broken, the roof may shift, slide down, or partially fall off; the natural decoration may have cracks, sag, or fall off; after taking emergency measures, there will be no more collapse; r) Non-structural components and decorations on the roof. There may be cracks, displacement, tilt, or even fall off, but after taking emergency measures, there will be no more collapse. Fall:
d) The buildings and small items attached to the house are affected by damage, the same as Class C safety buildings. 6 Multi-storey and commercial reinforced concrete houses
6.1 General provisions
6.1.1 This chapter applies to the earthquake site safety assessment of cast-in-place and prefabricated concrete multi-storey and high-rise (including super-high-rise) frame (including infill wall frame) frame-shear wall, shear wall and tube structure houses. 6.1.2 During the safety assessment, the earthquake damage of key structural components such as beams, brackets, shear walls, beam-column joints, floor panels, and non-structural components such as partitions and decorations should be fully inspected: the inspection should focus on distinguishing: earthquake damage to surface decorations such as plastering and structural damage; earthquake damage to main load-bearing components and lateral force resisting components and non-load-bearing components and non-lateral force resisting components; damage that existed before the earthquake and damage that has just occurred. 62 Class A buildings allowable decoration
6.2.1 Class A safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) There are no cracks in the concrete and plastering layers of beams, columns, beam-column joints and shear walls. The cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand. If there is no deformation joint between the main building and the podium or auxiliary building, the connection is not damaged. If there is a deformation joint, the width of the joint does not change. There may be a little cracking or even individual falling on both sides of the joint. 6) There is no damage to the roof components. The existing concrete roof panels have no cracks. The prefabricated floor panels still have cracks before the earthquake but they have not expanded. There may be dust falling and a small amount of falling in the gaps and ceilings. c) There are no cracks between the filling wall, enclosure wall, partition wall and frame of the frame structure. The masonry and plastering layers have occasional fine cracks. The cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand. d) There is no damage to the non-structural components such as decorations, curtain glass, parapets, door faces, eaves, canopies, etc. inside and outside the case, or some are damaged, but not to the point of being insecure and falling: 2.
GR 18208.2—2001
e) When there is obvious earthquake damage to the external corridors, pavilions, external steps, water spillways, flower beds, guardrails, walls, etc. attached to the reinforced concrete houses, the safety of the assessed buildings shall not be harmed.
6.2.2 For Class B safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions. a) There are no cracks in the concrete of beams, piers, beam-pier joints and shear walls, and the cracks that existed before the earthquake have no obvious expansion; the plaster layer and other surface finishes may have cracks or individual falls, and there are no signs of large-scale earthquake falls occurring or recurring; there are no deformation joints between the main body and the podium or auxiliary building, and the concrete structure at the connection has no cracks, and the surface finishes may have fine cracks or individual falls. If deformation joints are provided, they are the same as Class A safety buildings: b) The concrete structure of the floor and roof components is the same as the requirements of Class A safety buildings; the roof panel plaster layer and other surface finishes may have a few cracks, and the prefabricated floor and roof panels have been Some cracks have no obvious expansion. The large plaster layer and other surface decorations may have cracks or even individual small pieces falling off. c) There are no cracks between the filling wall, the enclosure wall and the partition wall and the frame. There may be a few short cracks at the corners of the doors and windows of the building. The plaster layer and other surface decorations may have a little earthquake damage. The cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand significantly. d) The internal and external decorations and non-structural components of the roof may have a little earthquake damage, but they will not become unstable and fall off. The curtain slope glass may occasionally crack or even fall off in small pieces.
e) The damage of the auxiliary buildings and small pieces attached to the house affects the Class A safety building. 6.2. 3 Class C safety building,The location and extent of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) There are no cracks in the concrete components of beams, rods and beam-to-beam joints. There may be slight short cracks in the openings of shear walls. The existing joints in the concrete components before the earthquake may expand slightly. The plastering layers of beams and columns near the joints may have small cracks or even small pieces falling off, which will not affect the stability of the building and components. The overall bearing capacity will not be significantly reduced: the connection between the soil and the podium or auxiliary building may be slightly damaged, the connecting components may crack or there may be bruises on both sides of the deformation joint. There is no tilt and no local safety is endangered; 15) The cast-in-place slabs of the concrete floor roof are basically free of earthquake damage, but there may be cracks in some of them, and there may be a few cracks in the surface layer; the prefabricated panels are dyed, there is no displacement on the wall, and the cracks between the panels before the earthquake may expand slightly: the ceiling may have cracks or small pieces falling off, and after emergency measures are taken, there will be no more falling off. Fall will not occur; d) There may be cracks in a few of the infill walls that resist lateral forces, which may slightly reduce the overall bearing capacity; there may be cracks in the enclosing walls and partition walls, but there will be no sliding or dislocation. There will be no through cracks between the body and the frame. The cracks that existed before the earthquake can also be seen to expand. The walls will not tilt or collapse; d) There will be cracks in the curtain glass, and a few fallen indoor and outdoor decorations and non-structural components on the roof may have cracks, movement, tilt and other earthquake damage phenomena. After emergency measures are taken, there will be no signs of collapse or falling; e) The earthquake damage of the ancillary buildings and small pieces attached to the house may cause harm to the identified building, but it should not endanger the safety of the identified building.
6.2.4J Class safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) There are no cracks in the concrete of the column and beam joints; there may be occasional fine cracks in the beam components; there may be cracks in the openings of the earth-shielding shear wall; the cracks that existed before the earthquake and the damage to the surface decoration such as the plaster layer will not affect the stability of the house. The overall bearing capacity may be slightly reduced. The connection between the main body and the podium or auxiliary building may be damaged, the connecting components may be cracked, or even the concrete may fall and expose the reinforcement, but it will not bend; the two sides of the deformation joint may be obviously damaged, and small pieces may fall, but they will not tilt; b) There may be a few cracks in the cast-in-place slabs of the concrete roof, and some components of the prefabricated slabs may show signs of looseness on the wall. The cracks between the slabs before the earthquake can be seen to expand; the ceiling decorations have cracks, sagging, and falling. After taking emergency measures, no more falling will occur; 1) The lateral force-resisting masonry filling wall has slight cracks, which may slightly reduce the overall bearing capacity; the enclosing wall and partition wall may have cracks, the lightweight block partition wall may have obvious cracks, and the cracks before the earthquake can be seen to expand. There may be cracks between the partition wall and the frame, and there may be internal and partial falling. After taking emergency measures, there will be no more toppling or falling; 2) The curtain wall may be cracked: the non-structural components of the indoor and outdoor decorations on the roof have cracks, displacement, tilt, or even fall. After taking emergency measures, there will be no more toppling or falling: e) The impact of earthquake damage on the ancillary buildings and small pieces attached to the house is the same as that of Class C safety buildings. 7 Internal frame and brick houses with frame on the bottom floor
7.1 General provisions
GB18208.2 2001
7.1.1 This chapter applies to the on-site safety assessment of brick houses with internal frame and frame or frame shear wall on the bottom floor (including similar block houses) with mixed load-bearing of clay brick walls and concrete columns. 7.1.2 During the safety assessment, the internal frame brick houses should focus on the inspection of the seismic damage of the longitudinal outer walls (piles) and transverse inner and outer walls of each floor, the seismic damage of the column heads and column roots of the reinforced concrete inner rods, the cracks in the walls at the ends of the beams and the supporting parts, the cracks between the floor slabs, and pay special attention to the seismic damage of the top floor and upper floors, observe the transverse and longitudinal bending and tilting, and distinguish the seismic damage of the concrete structural columns and frame columns. When inspecting the brick frame house on the ground floor, the brick structure and concrete structure can be inspected according to the requirements of 5.1.2 and 6.1.2 respectively, and attention should be paid to inspecting the joints of the two structures and the damage of the frame supporting wall beams, and distinguishing the damage of the ground floor earthquake-resistant wall and the filling wall. 7.1.3 In addition to the provisions explained in this chapter, the requirements for safety appraisal of the internal frame and the brick frame house on the ground floor shall also comply with the provisions in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 of this standard.
7.1.4 In the case of a major earthquake, the single-row column internal frame and the brick house with a completely empty top floor should not be used as Class A or Class B buildings: 7.2 Tolerable earthquake damage of various types of safe buildings
7.2.1 For Class A safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) The brick masonry exterior and interior walls of the internal frame house shall be free of cracks, the concrete columns shall not be damaged, the roof slabs shall not crack, and the existing cracks between the front wall and the prefabricated panels shall not expand:
h) The earthquake-resistant walls and filling walls in the ground floor frame structure and their connections with beams and columns shall be free of cracks; the frame beams and floor slabs shall be intact, and the existing cracks before the earthquake shall not expand; the upper brick houses shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1; c) The internal frame and ground floor frame brick houses not mentioned in the above a) and b) shall also meet the requirements of 5.2.1 and 6.2.1. 7.2.2 For Class B safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions. a) The brickwork of the internal frame house has no cracks, and the plastering layer and other surface finishes may have a little earthquake damage; the concrete beams and columns have no bag damage, and the roof cover does not crack; there is no obvious expansion of the existing cracks; b) The masonry of the earthquake-resistant wall and the filling wall in the ground floor frame structure has no cracks, the connection between the wall and the beam and column is only damaged, the existing cracks in the waist have no obvious expansion, and the plastering layer and other surface finishes may have a little earthquake damage, the beams and columns of the frame and the floor slab do not need to be damaged, the existing cracks before the earthquake have no obvious expansion, and the plastering layer and other surface finishes may have a little gray peeling off: the upper brick house is the same as the requirements of 5.2.2; c) In the internal frame and the ground floor frame brick house, the wood mentioned in the above a) and b) should also meet the requirements of 5.2.2 and 6.2.2. 7.2.3 Class C safety buildings, the damage and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. a) The load-bearing outer longitudinal walls (buttresses) of the inner frame houses may occasionally have non-through horizontal cracks above and below the windows, the gables and inner walls may occasionally have non-through short cracks, the plastering and other surface finishes may have cracks or even fall off individually: the concrete of the beams and columns should be free of cracks, the plastering and other surface finishes may have a few cracks at the column heads and bases, the roof slabs are basically damaged; the cracks that existed before the earthquake may slightly expand, the bearing capacity of the damaged wall sections and the inner frame may be slightly reduced, but the local and overall stability will not be lost; b) The seismic wall in the frame structure of the ground floor may occasionally have short cracks at the openings, the wall and beams and columns may be The connection is not cracked; the filling wall may have cracks, and the connection with the beam and column may have fine cracks, but they do not need to be flashed; the frame columns and floor slabs basically do not need to be damaged, and the plaster layer and other surface decorations may have individual cracks on the column head and column root. The cracks that existed before the earthquake may be slightly expanded: the bearing capacity of the bottom frame of the earthquake-damaged earthquake-resistant wall is slightly reduced, but the stability is not lost; the upper brick house is the same as the requirements in 5.2.3;
c) In the internal frame and the bottom frame brick house, the requirements of 5.2.3 and 6.2.3 shall also be met for those not mentioned in the above two items a) and b). 7.2.4 For Class D safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions. α) The load-bearing outer longitudinal walls (buttresses) of the internal frame houses may have a few horizontal fine cracks above and below the windows, but they are not misaligned or collapsed. There are no vertical joints in the supporting structure under the beams, and the structural columns are not cracked. A few cracks may appear in the gables, corner walls and internal walls. The concrete of the beams and columns is basically not exposed. The concrete of the column heads and roots of the internal frames with multiple rows of columns may have horizontal cracks, but the concrete is not loose, not cracked, and the reinforcement is not exposed. Some beam pads may be loose, but the supporting walls are not loose. The mortar layer of the beam balls and other decorations may crack or even fall off in small pieces. The cracks that existed before the earthquake may expand, but the bearing capacity will not be lost. force; the seismic bearing capacity of the damaged wall section is reduced, but it does not tilt or fold, and does not lose stability: b) The anti-seismic wall in the bottom frame structure may have fine cracks in some parts, without misalignment and sliding, and there may be local cracks between the wall and the beam column, but it will not crack through, tilt, or pull off the connecting reinforcement; the filling wall may have obvious cracks, or even tilt and fall, but after emergency treatment, there will be no more earthquake damage that endangers safety: the beams and floor panels of the frame are basically not damaged by the earthquake, and the concrete at the head of some beams may occasionally crack, and the supporting wall frame beams have no cracks: the cracks before the earthquake may be 22
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Expanded, but without losing bearing capacity, the surface decoration of beams and columns such as plastering can crack or even fall off in pieces, and will no longer fall after being buried in the emergency place; the bearing capacity of the earthquake-damaged frame-seismic wall can be reduced, and the overall bearing capacity of the bottom floor can be slightly reduced, but without losing local and overall stability; the requirements of the upper brick house are the same as those in 5.2.4:
c) In the internal vertebral frame and the bottom frame brick house, the requirements of 5.2.4 and 6.2.4 shall also be met for those not mentioned in the above two items =) and h). 8 Single-story reinforced concrete column factory building
8.1 General provisions
8.1.1 This chapter applies to the earthquake site safety assessment of single-story reinforced concrete column factory buildings. 8.1.2 During the safety appraisal, the focus should be on checking the earthquake damage of roof components, supporting systems and enclosure walls, and paying attention to the damage to high and low span walls, gables, parapets, eaves walls, hanging walls, large windows and other parts that are prone to collapse, as well as the damage to auxiliary rooms. During the inspection, the following should be distinguished: damage to decorations such as plastering and structural damage; damage to load-bearing structures and expansion structures, damage before the earthquake and damage that has just occurred. 8.2 Current status of allowable earthquake damage to various types of buildings
8.2.1 For Class A safety buildings, the location and extent of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions. a) The building body, building head and building shoulder shall not be damaged by earthquake, and the existing damage shall not expand; b) The roof panels, roof trusses and skylight frame components and their connections shall not be damaged, and the cracks existing before the earthquake shall not expand; c) The roof support system shall not be deformed or unstable, and the longitudinal column and column support shall not be deformed; heavy or non-load-bearing gable walls, gable enclosures, longitudinal walls, eaves walls and high and low span enclosures shall not be damaged by earthquake, and the cracks existing before the earthquake shall not expand; there shall be no signs of looseness in the connection between the wall and the column or beam; e) The parapet, hanging wall, partition wall and other parts shall not be damaged by earthquake, or some of them may be slightly damaged by earthquake, but they will not become unstable and fall, and will not affect the appearance; f) The auxiliary rooms and secondary spans attached to or connected to the main room shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1, 6.2.1 and 9.2.1 according to their structural properties. .2.2 For Class B safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions: a) The column body, column capital and column base shall not be damaged, and the existing damage shall not be significantly expanded; l) The roof system components and their connections shall not be damaged, and the cracks existing before the earthquake shall not be significantly expanded; 3) The roof support system shall not be deformed or unstable, and the longitudinal column support shall not be deformed; d) The load-bearing gable shall not crack, and the non-load-bearing gable top and gable wall may occasionally have cracks; the parapet wall shall not crack or flash, and there shall be no looseness in the connection with the column and beam. The eaves wall may occasionally have micro-cracks; e) The earthquake damage limits of parapet walls, hanging walls, partition walls and other parts are the same as those of Class A safety buildings; 4) The auxiliary rooms and secondary spans attached to or connected to the factory building shall meet the requirements of 5.2.2, 6.2.2 and 9.2.2 according to their structural properties.
8.2.3 For Class C safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage shall not exceed the following provisions. a) The columns are basically not damaged by the earthquake, but some may have fine cracks. The cracks in the plaster layer may be more obvious. The cracks that existed before the earthquake have only expanded slightly, but they do not affect the stability of the columns themselves and the entire factory building. The cross-sectional bearing capacity at the cracked part of the column may be slightly reduced; b) The roof trusses, tail panels, and skylight frames are basically not damaged; some of the support parts where the components are connected may have slight dislocation, and the embedded panels may occasionally loosen, causing cracks in the concrete under the embedded panels; some of the chords of the first interval of the upper chord of the roof trusses and the end tightening rods of the trapezoidal roof trusses may have fine cracks; some of the skylight frame columns may have slight cracks: the lightweight tile roof may shift and slide down, but it will not fall after emergency measures are taken; r) The roof support system is basically not damaged by the earthquake, and some of the skylight frame support vertical rods may have slight Buckling; the steel supports between the longitudinal columns shall not be pressed out, the concrete supports shall not collapse, and some may have tensile cracks; d) there may be slight cracks on the top of the load-bearing gable, but no flashing; there may be slight cracks on the high and low span sealing walls, gables, mountain peaks, and eaves walls of the national protection, but no flashing; the joints of the enclosure walls may have slight cracks or looseness in a few cases, and are not stable; there may be cracks in the surface decoration of the mortar layer, and even small pieces may fall off; e) there may be cracks, displacement and tilting in the parapet, hanging wall, partition wall, etc.: after taking emergency measures, there will be no more dumping or falling phenomena:
f) the auxiliary auxiliary buildings and secondary spans attached to or connected to the factory building shall meet the requirements of 5.2.3.6.2.3 and 9.2.3 according to their structural properties.
GB 18208.22001
8.2.4 Class D safety buildings, the damage parts and degree shall not exceed the following provisions. a) There is basically no earthquake damage to the columns, and a few may have fine cracks. The layered cracks may be more obvious, and the damage before the earthquake may expand, but it will not affect the stability of the columns themselves and the overall stability of the house, and the bearing capacity of the columns may be slightly reduced: b) There is basically no earthquake damage to the roof trusses, roof panels, and window frames; a few roof panels may have slight displacement at the support parts connected to the upper chord of the roof trusses; the embedded poles welded to the top surface of the roof truss end and the roof poles are occasionally loose, and the concrete under the embedded poles is cracked, and there may be fine cracks in the chord rods of the first section of the roof truss and the vertical rods at the ends of the trapezoidal roof trusses; a few columns of the skylight frames may have fine cracks, and some cracks may be more obvious; the lightweight tile roof may be displaced, drift, or even partially fall off, but after taking effective measures, there will be no more falling accidents: the roof support system is basically no earthquake damage, and a few large window frame support rods may be compressed, but they will not fall off; there may be some diagonal rods in the longitudinal steel supports Buckling, cracking of individual concrete supports, and tensile cracking of individual rod-column connection nodes do not affect the overall longitudinal stability of the factory building: d) There are cracks in the top of the load-bearing gable wall; the surrounding high and low span sealing walls, gable walls, mountain peaks, eaves walls and other parts may have cracks or even fall off, and will not cause dust and fall after the risk elimination measures are taken; there may also be fine cracks or looseness in the corners of doors and windows and the connections with columns, roofs, and roofs. Some cracks may be more obvious, but they are not unstable: there may be cracks in the plaster layer and other surface finishes, or even fall off in pieces: e) The earthquake damage of parapet walls, hanging walls, partition walls and other parts may be cracked, displaced, tilted, or even partially collapsed. After emergency measures are taken, there will be no collapse or fall; f) The auxiliary rooms and secondary spans attached to or connected to the factory building shall comply with the requirements of 5.2.1, 6.2.1 and 9.2.1 according to their structural properties.
9 Single-storey brick column factory buildings and open houses
9.1 General provisions
9.1.1 This chapter applies to the on-site safety adjustment of the ground floor of brick wall buttresses (or without wall buttresses), brick wall-bearing single-storey houses (including warehouses) and open houses such as theaters, clubs, auditoriums, and canteens. 9.1.2 During the safety appraisal, the earthquake damage of brick columns, brick wall buttresses, gables, roof components and supporting systems, and the connection between roof components and walls or columns should be fully inspected, and attention should be paid to the upper columns of variable face columns and unequal height rack columns, the masonry and supporting wall rests on the mid-stage beams of open houses, and the damage of the gable peaks, gable closures, eaves closure walls, parapets, doors and other parts of the roof that are prone to collapse. During the inspection, it is also necessary to distinguish between: damage to surface finishes such as plastering and earthquake damage to structures; earthquake damage to load-bearing components and non-load-bearing components; damage that existed before the earthquake and damage that occurred. 9.2 Permissible earthquake damage to various types of safety buildings
9.2.1 For various types of safety buildings, the location and degree of earthquake damage should not exceed the following provisions. &) Brick columns and brick walls are not damaged by the earthquake, and the gables are not cracked. The cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand: 1) Roof components and support systems are not damaged by the earthquake: tile roofs do not slide down or fall, but may show signs of slight displacement; concrete roof panels do not move; ceilings may have dust and a small amount of peeling:
) The connection between roof components and walls (piles) is free of cracks and looseness: d) The masonry and supporting walls on the main beams of the platform are not damaged; the body and decorations of the roof parts such as gables, eaves walls, parapets, and door faces are not cracked. The plaster layer of curtain glass may have cracks, but will not become unstable and fall:) The body structure and concrete upper structure houses, as well as ancillary buildings and small works that are attached or moved to it shall comply with the provisions of 5.2.1, 6-2.1 and 8.2.1 according to their structural properties. 9.2.2 The location and degree of earthquake damage to Class B safety buildings shall not exceed the following provisions. ) There was no damage to the brick columns and brick wall buttresses, no cracks in the river walls, and the cracks that existed before the earthquake did not expand significantly! b) There is no obvious damage to the roof components and supporting system. The tile seat surface may slide down slightly, and some eaves tiles may fall off. There is no displacement of the roof panel. The ceiling may have a little shock damage, and the plaster layer and other surface decorations may crack. There is no crack in the connection between the roof components and the columns and walls, and the gable end may be slightly loose. d) The main body and supporting wall of the platform beam are not damaged. The masonry and decorations of the roof parts such as the small wall, eaves wall and parapet, door face are basically intact, but may occasionally crack. The curtain glass, plaster layer and other surface decorations may have a little crack, but they will not become unstable and fall off in pieces. 2
G 18208. 2 2001
c) The damage of the main structure and concrete structure houses attached or connected to it, as well as the auxiliary buildings and small works, shall comply with the provisions of 5.2.2, 6.2.2 and 8.2.2 according to their structural properties. 9.2.3. Class 1 safety buildings shall meet the following requirements. a) Brick columns shall be intact, and the longitudinal walls (walls) may occasionally have fine horizontal cracks, but no collapse. Walls that have cracked before the earthquake may expand slightly, but it will not affect stability, and the bearing capacity may be slightly reduced: gables shall not tilt, and the corner walls of door openings, the tops of non-load-bearing gables, and the gable walls may have slight cracks, but they will not slide or dislocate; ring beams shall not be damaged by the earthquake, and the plastering layer and other surface decorations may have cracks, or even small pieces may fall off; h) Concrete roof components and support systems shall be basically free of earthquake damage, and the roof panels shall not move on the roof frame or the roof beam, and the tight supports on both sides of the skylight of the heavy roof and the vertical cross supports between the air towers may occasionally have slight deformation; the nodes of the wooden roof frame and its support system may be slightly loose, the tile roof may move and slide, and the eaves tiles may partially fall off. There may be fine cracks between the roof grille and the wall, and the plastering layer and other surface decorations may have cracks and small pieces falling off. c) The connection between the roof frame and the beam on the wall (pile) and the column head is basically smooth, with no signs of dislocation or displacement: the retaining plate or the top ring beam on the load-bearing gable wall does not crack, and the plate or the top ring beam on the attic or on the top of the brick wall without ring stain may have signs of dislocation, but no obvious displacement; d) There is no earthquake damage to the masonry on the platform I beam, and no obvious cracks in the supporting wall; the eaves wall, parapet wall, door face and other roof walls may have cracks or even partial fall, but after taking emergency measures, there will be no more toppling or falling; c) The earthquake damage of the masonry structure and concrete structure houses, ancillary buildings and small pieces attached or connected to it shall comply with the provisions of 5.2.3, 6.2.3 and 8.2.3 according to their structural properties. 9.2.4 Class security buildings shall comply with the following requirements. a) Brick columns are not damaged. The longitudinal walls (piles) may have fine horizontal cracks, but no collapse. There may be short cracks at the corners of doors and windows. The cracked walls before the earthquake may expand. None of these will affect the stability of the walls and the entire building. The bearing capacity may be slightly reduced. There may be fine cracks at the gable door openings. The top of the non-load-bearing gable may have cracks, or part of it may fall off. Some joints of the assembled ring beam may have cracks. The earthquake damage requirements for the charcoal layer and other surface finishes are the same as those for Class C safety buildings.
b) Concrete roof components and support systems are basically damaged first. Some roof panels are occasionally loose. The ceiling of the heavy roof The vertical supports on both sides of the window and the vertical cross supports between the air towers may have slight deformation: the wooden components will not break, and the wooden roof frame will not have obvious tilt. The nodes of the wooden roof frame may be slightly loose, the roof may shift, slide down or partially fall off, the skylight, decoration, etc. may have cracks, sag or fall off. After taking emergency measures, there will be no more hair loss;
) The roof frame and beams are basically intact on the walls (piles) and column heads, and some may shift, but the body is not loose; the load-bearing gables are placed on the boards or the top ring beams without cracks, and the boards or the ring beams or on the top of the brick walls without ring beams may shift slightly! The gable does not lean outward; d) The masonry on the entrance has no cracks and does not tilt, and the supporting wall has no vertical cracks: parapets, door faces, filling partitions, eaves walls, etc. may have cracks or even partially fall off, but after taking emergency measures, they will not tilt or fall again; c) The earthquake damage of the solid structure and concrete structure houses, as well as the ancillary buildings and small pieces that are attached or connected to it, shall comply with the provisions of 5.2.4, 6.2.4 and 8.2.4 according to their structural properties. 10 Timber-structured houses
10.1 General provisions
10.1.1 This chapter applies to the on-site earthquake safety assessment of timber-structured houses whose roofs, floors and supporting columns are all made of wood. Such houses mainly include: through-beam wooden frames, H-type wooden frames, wooden-pillar wooden-roof frame houses and houses, as well as wooden-frame houses with single-layer earth, stone or brick walls (columns) as load-bearing structures and houses with mixed load-bearing structures of wooden columns, brick walls and columns. Note: The safety assessment of brick walls (structures) and earth and stone walls in mixed load-bearing houses can refer to the relevant provisions in Chapter 5, Chapter 9 and Chapter 11 of this standard. 10.1.2 During the safety assessment, emphasis should be placed on the earthquake on-site assessment of timber components and their joints, deformation, splitting and fracture of components, loosening, pulling and fracture of joints, torsion, tilting and displacement of the structure; damage to parapet walls (or load-bearing walls) and their impact on the stability of the timber structure; and damage to roof and ridge and corner ornaments. It is also necessary to check the structure of the building structure, whether it is rotten, corroded, or has a foundation defect; the material and quality of the wall, the connection with the components, and whether the damage to the structure is related to the site.
10.1.3 Earthquake-affected wooden structures can only be classified as Class II buildings. 2.
10.2 Cross-beam wooden frame houses
GR 18208. 2 -- 200
10.2.1 Cross-beam wooden frame houses in the southern region are not damaged after the earthquake, and the materials and structure are regular. The enclosure walls are made of bricks or light-weight anti-seismic walls made of wood boards and wooden grilles. If the intensity of the estimated major earthquake is not more than 1 degree greater than the intensity of the existing earthquake, it can be identified as a Class D safe building; if there is no light-weight anti-seismic wall, it can be identified as a Class II safe building in the case of a ground action roughly equivalent to that of the existing earthquake. .10.2.2 The tile roof is loose, some eaves tiles slide down and fall, the corner ornaments of the virtual ridge are occasionally damaged by earthquake, the wall is partially peeled and cracked, and the wooden frame is not damaged by earthquake. When the wooden frame structure, wall material and earthquake action are the same as those in Article 10.2.1 above, it is identified as a Class D safe building for large earthquakes. If the national wall is made of clay or stone, it can be identified as a Class D safe building in small earthquakes, and it should be identified as a building that is not temporarily used in large earthquakes. 10.2.3 The tile roof is loose and slides down more commonly, the eaves tiles fall off, the ridge and corner ornaments fall off, and some walls crack and collapse occasionally. The wooden frame foundation is not damaged and does not tilt. When the wooden frame structure and wall material are the same as those in Article 10.2.1 above, it should be adjusted to a building that is not temporarily used in large earthquakes, and it can be identified as a Class D safe building in small earthquakes; when the wall is clay, it should be identified as a building that is not temporarily used in small earthquakes. 10.2.4 If the roof and decorations are obviously damaged by earthquake, the wall is partially cracked or collapsed, the joints of the wooden frame are loose, some columns slide on the stone piers, and the whole is skewed, they shall be identified as buildings that are temporarily unused. If the house has no damage or slight earthquake damage, but the wooden components are rotten, corroded, have obvious root disease and deformation, or the walls are cracked, hollow, brittle and skewed, they should also be identified as buildings that are temporarily unused. 10.3 Wooden frame houses
10.3.1 Wooden frame houses in northern areas that are not damaged after an earthquake, and whose wooden columns and beams are reinforced with joints and iron fittings, with beams or braces under the wood, and whose enclosure walls are built with polished brick joints or brick walls with mortar strength not less than D1, can be identified as Class I safe buildings when the intensity of the estimated major earthquake is not more than 1 degree greater than the intensity of the existing earthquake. If there are no reinforced iron fittings and brick walls are built with mortar not less than D40.4, they can be identified as Class D safe buildings when the intensity of an earthquake is equivalent to that of an existing earthquake. 10.3.2 If the damage of the wooden frame is the same as that in 10.2.2, and the structural material is the same as that in 10.3.1, it can be identified as a Class I safe building in a large earthquake. If the retaining wall is made of earth, stone or brick wall with a mortar strength of less than M0.4, it can be identified as a Class D safe building in a small earthquake, and should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a large earthquake. 10.3.3 The tile or mud roof is loose. The tiles slide down and fall, the roof decorations are damaged and occasionally fall, the wall is cracked and occasionally collapses, and the wooden frame is basically not damaged and does not tilt. When the structure and material are the same as 10.3.1, it can be identified as a temporarily unused building in a large earthquake, and can be identified as a Class D safe building in a small earthquake; when the wall mortar is lower than M0.1 or is earth or stone, it should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a small earthquake. 10.3.4 If the roof and decorations are obviously damaged by the earthquake, the gun frame joints are slightly loose or slightly tilted, there are cracks between the wall columns, the eaves and corners are loose or fallen, the stone wall is partially collapsed, and the surface bricks are cracked or even fallen, they should all be identified as temporarily unused buildings. If the rough stone, broken bricks or surface brick walls are slightly damaged by the earthquake, the walls without earthquake damage are severely alkali-sapped, or the wood is obviously rotten and rotten, they should also be identified as temporarily unused buildings.
10.4: Houses with column-roof trusses
10.4.1 No earthquake damage, and the materials used are standard, the columns and wooden roof trusses are connected with angle braces, the roof truss support is complete, the parapet walls are outside the columns, the mortar strength of the brick or stone walls is not less than M2.5 and M5 respectively, and it can be identified as a Class D safe building when the intensity of the estimated major earthquake is not greater than 1 degree of the intensity of the existing earthquake; if the mortar strength of the brick wall and the block wall is not less than M1 and M2.5 respectively or the materials are not dry, it can be identified as a Class D safe building in an earthquake action roughly equivalent to that of the existing earthquake, 10.4.2 The structure is basically intact, and the eaves, gable apex and door and window corners of the enclosing wall are A small number of fine cracks, the roof is slightly loose, and the wooden structure and wall material and earthquake action are the same as 10.4.1. It can be identified as a Class D safe building in a large earthquake action. If there is no angle brace between the roof frame and the column, or the enclosure wall is built with M0.4 and M1 mortar strength brick wall and block stone wall. It can be identified as a Class D safe building in a small action, and it should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a large earthquake action.
10.4.3 The wooden frame is not straight, the wooden column and the roof frame joints have signs of looseness but the wood is damaged, there are signs of mutual pushing between the wall columns, the eaves and gables are cracked and occasionally shaken off, there are cracks in the corners of the doors and windows, the roof is loose and slips down, and the eaves tiles and decorations occasionally fall off. When the wooden roof frame is fully supported and the enclosure is built with bricks or blocks.It can be identified as a Class D safe building in a small earthquake, and should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a large earthquake. When the retaining wall is made of rough stone, soil or surface brick, it should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a small earthquake. 10.4.4 Damage to the joints between the column and the roof truss, or the tilt of the wooden frame, collision between the wall columns, partial cracking or collapse of the brick wall, partial fall of the eaves and mountain tops, outward tilt of the gable, or slight damage to the wooden frame without corner bracing or support, the same retaining wall is used for ten, rough stone or surface brick damage, or the wall without earthquake damage is seriously alkali-sapped, and the wooden components are obviously decayed and rotten, they should all be identified as temporarily unused buildings. 10.5 Kangfang
10.5.1 Wooden houses in Tibetan areas Kangfang, which are not damaged after the earthquake, and have no diagonal braces or light anti-seismic walls between the columns on the ground floor, and the upper column feet are connected to the floor slab, can be identified as Class D safe buildings when the intensity of the estimated strong earthquake is not greater than 1 degree of the intensity of the existing earthquake. When there are no diagonal braces and the anti-seismic walls are not connected to the feet, they can be identified as Class I safe buildings in earthquakes roughly equivalent to those in the past. In earthquakes greater than the existing earthquakes, it is advisable to be temporarily unused. 10.5.2 If the columns of a house are skewed or the upper floors are slightly displaced, it should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a human earthquake, and can be identified as a Class D safe building in a small earthquake. If the columns are obviously skewed or the upper floors are obviously displaced, it should be identified as a temporarily unused building in a small earthquake. 11 Earth-stone wall houses
11.1 General provisions
11.1.1 This chapter applies to the earthquake site safety assessment of earth-stone wall houses. This type of house mainly includes: earthen kiln, earthen arch house, earthen broken Houses with earth walls and rammed earth walls, houses with single brick walls and brick column walls, and houses with rough stone, block stone and stone walls. 11.1.2 Earthen and stone wall houses that are affected by earthquakes should not be used as Class A, Class B and Class I buildings during the ground emergency period. Buildings that are identified as safe buildings on site are Class D buildings: they should be identified as temporarily unused buildings during major earthquakes. 11-2 Earthen caves and earthen arch houses
11.2.1 The upper caves (cliff caves) and earthen arch houses (arch caves) in the Huangshang area in the north were not damaged after the earthquake: only In the case of earthquakes with a predicted intensity of less than 1000 degrees, it can be identified as a Class 1 safe building; in the case of earthquakes with a predicted intensity of 1000 degrees, it should be identified as a building not to be used temporarily.
11.2.2 After the earthquake, the cave was basically intact, with vertical joints developed or landslides and collapses possible. It should be identified as a building not to be used temporarily. After the earthquake, the soil of the cave was intact, only the gray skin fell off, the front face was slightly loose, the cliff was stable, and the soil was dense. It can be classified as a Class 2 safe building in the case of a small earthquake.
11.2.3 After an earthquake, if the side walls of an earth-vaulted house collapse, or the front face moves
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