2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点10--推理判断之写作态度--练高考--心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点10??推理判断之写作态度??练高考一心中有教

1.2021年新高考I卷之D篇Popularization hasin somecases changedthe originalmeaning of emotional（情感的）intellingence.Many peoplenow misunderstand emotional intelligenceas almosteverything desirablein a persons makeupthat cannot be measuredby anIQ test,such ascharacter,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism andpeople skills.Research hasshown thatemotional skillsmay contributeto some of thesequalities,but most of themmove far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We preferto describeemotional intelligenceas a specific setof skillsthat can be usedfor eithergood orbad purposes.The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeeling maybe usedby adoctor to find howbest tohelp herpatients,while acheater mightuse it to controlpotential victims.Being emotionallyintelligent does not necessarilymake onea moralperson.Although popularbeliefs regardingemotional intelligencerun farahead ofwhat researchcan reasonablysupport,the overalleffects of the publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful.The mostpositive aspectof thispopularization is a newand muchneeded emphasis（重视）on emotionby employers,educators andothers interested in promotingsocial well-being.The popularizationof emotional intelligence hashelped boththe publicand researchersre-evaluate the functionality of emotions andhow theyserve peopleadaptively in everyday life.Although thecontinuing popularappeal of emotionalintelligenceis desirable,we hopethat such attention willexcite a greater interestin thescientific andscholarly studyofemotion.It isour hopethat incoming decades,advances inscience willoffer new perspectives（视角）from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence,with itsfocus onboth headand heart,may serveto pointus in the rightdirection.

32.What is a commonmisunderstanding of emotionalintelligence A.It can be measuredby anIQ test.B.It helpsto exerciseapersonsmind.C.It includesa setof emotional skills.D.It refers to aperson9s positivequalities.

33.Why doesthe authormention“doctor andcheater“in paragraph2A.To explain a rule.B.To clarifya concept.C.To presenta fact.D.To make a prediction.

34.What is the authors attitude to the popularizationofemotionalintelligence A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

35.What doesthe lastparagraph mainlytalk aboutconcerning emotionalintelligenceA.Its appealto the public.B.Expectations forfuture studies.C.Its practicalapplication.D.Scientists withnewperspectives.【答案】

32.D

33.B

34.A

35.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望[32题】细节理解题通过文章第一段“Research hasshown thatemotionalskillsmay contributeto some of thesequalities（研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成广可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质A.She lookedfor itsowner B.She gaveit to Ann as a gift.C.She soldit to the dollar store.D.She boughtsome foodfor it.

2.How didthe doghelp saveJack A.By breakingthe door for Ann.B.By leadingAnn toJacks room.C.By draggingJack outof the room.D.By attendingJack whenAnn wasout.

3.What wasAnns attitude to the dog according to Paragraph4A.Sympathetic B.Doubtful C.Tolerant D.Grateful

4.For whatpurpose didPeter callTracy A.To help her friends son.B.To interviewTracy C.To takeback his dog.D.To returnthe flierto her.

5.What canwe inferabout the dog from the lastparagraph A.It would be givento Odie.B.It would be keptby Ann5family.C.It wouldbe returnedto Peter.D.It wouldbe takenaway byTracy.【答案】l.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文一天，Tracy在当地学校附近捡到一只流浪狗，把它交代给邻居Ann照顾，自己去找狗的主人Ann答应只照顾这只狗一天结果在没找到狗主人之前Ann和她的两个儿子一直照顾这只狗而且很快喜欢上了它Ann的大儿子有心脏病，多亏了这只狗帮Ann及时救了她儿子，所以当狗主人来认领狗时全家人都舍不得它走最终，狗留在了Ann家里，成为家庭一员

1.1考查细节理解根据第二段开头句子“Tracy tookphotos of the dogand printedoff400FOUND fliers…”可知，Tracy照了狗的照片，印了400张传单这都是为了找到狗的主人故选A

1.8考查判断推理根据第三段句子“When shearrived home...where Annfound Jack...”可以推断，狗Riley是通过向Ann狂叫并领Ann进入Jack的房间让Ann发现Jack犯了心脏病从而及时救了Jack的故选B

3.D考查判断推理根据第四段Ann跟报社说的话，“If ithadnt…，如果不是狗领着Ann找至Jack,Jack可能就死了也就是狗救了Jack的命，所以可以推断Ann对狗很感激，感激它救了她儿子的命故选D

4.C考查细节理解根据第五段句子“A mannamed Peterrecognized hislost dog..可知，Peter给Tracy打电话的目的是为了领回他丢失的狗故选C

1.9考查判断推理根据最后一段Peter去Ann家里领回他的狗时看到的场景“saw Thomas and Jack crying...”及他说说的话“Maybe...you should keep it.”可以推断，狗最终是留着了Ann家里故选B

8.（2012年,安徽卷）When Katespaintings wereon showin London,a poetdescribed herpaintings as a ribbon（丝带）around abomb”.Such commentsseem tosuggest Katehad abig influenceon theart world of her time.Sadly,she is actually todaythan shewas duringher time.Born in1907in avillage nearMexico City,Kate sufferedfrom polio（小儿麻痹症）at theage ofseven.Her spine（脊柱）became bentas shegrew older.Then,in1925,her backwas brokenin severalplaces in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life,the artisthad manyoperations,but nothingwas able to curethe terriblepain in her back.However,the accidenthad anunexpected side effect.While lyinginherbed recovering,Kate taughtherself topaint.In1929,she gotmarried toDiego Rivera,another famousMexican artist.Rivera!s stronginfluences onKates stylecan beseen inher earlyworks,but herlater worksfrom the1940s,known todayas herbest works,show lessinfluence fromher husband.Unfortunately,her worksdid not attract muchattention in the1930s and1940s,even inher homecountry.Her firstone-woman showin Mexicowas notheld until

1953.For morethan adecade after her deathin1954,Kates worksremained largelyunnoticed bythe world,but in the1970s her works began to gaininternational fameat last.

1.What doesthe underlinedphrase“a much bigger name“in paragraph1most probablymean A.A farbetter artist.B.A far more giftedartist.C.A muchstronger person.D.A much more famousperson.

2.The terriblepain Katesuffered wascaused by.A.polio B.her bentspine C.back injuries D.the operationsshe had

3.Kate fs stylehad becomeincreasingly independentsince the.A.1930s B.1940s C.1950sD.1970s

4.What is authors attitude toward KateA.Devotion.B.Sympathy.C.Worry.D.Encouragement.【答案】l.D

2.C

3.B

4.B【解析】文章介绍了画家Frida Kahlo,小时候的残疾加上后来的事故给她带来了伤痛，但是还是自学绘画,后来绘画风格受到丈夫的影响，但是没有失去自己的特点，虽然当时没有受到关注，但是现在她的艺术成就受到广泛的认可

5.猜词题根据第――段的最后――句话Sadly,she isactually a muchbigger name todaythan shewas duringhertime.（可惜的是，相比于她所处的时代，在如今她有着更大的名气），和前面的句子Such commentsseem tosuggest Kahlohad abig influenceon theart world of hertime可知a muchbiggername意思是amuchmore famousperson选D

6.细节题从第二段的句子Throughout the rest ofher life,the artisthad manyoperations,but nothingwas able to curethe terriblepain inher back.可知她遭遇的巨大的疼痛都是由背部的疼痛造成的，选C

7.归纳推理题根据第三段的句子“but herlater worksfrom the1940s,known todayas herbest works,show lessinfluence fromher husband.”可知，在20世纪40年代，Kahlo的风格更加独立了，得出答案B

8.归纳推理题根据最后一段中Unfortunately,herworksdid not attract muchattention in the1930sand1940s,even inher homecountry.不幸的是，她的作品并没有收到太多的关注，即使是在自己的祖国，可见作者对她的态度是同情的，选B

9.（2013年，浙江卷）In1974,after fillingout fiftyapplications,going throughfour interviews,and winningone offer,I tookwhat I could get---------------a teaching job atwhat Iconsidered adistant wildarea:western NewJersey.My characteristicoptimism was alive onlywhen Ireminded myselfthat Iwouldbedoing whatI hadwanted to do sinceI wasfourteen-------teaching English.School started,but I felt moreand moreas ifI werein aforeign country.Was thisrural areareally NewJersey Mystudents took a weekoff whenhunting seasonbegan.I wastold they were alsofrequently absentin lateOctober tohelp theirfathers makehay on the farms.I wasa youngwoman fromNew YorkCity,who thoughtthat“Make haywhile thesun shines“just meantto have a goodtime.But,still,I wasteaching English.I worked hard,taking time off onlyto eatand sleep.And thenthere wasmy sixth-grade class――seventeen boys and fivegirls who were onlysix yearsyounger thanme.I hada problemlong beforeI knewit.I wasstruggling inmy work asayoung idealisticteacher.I wanted to makeliterature comealive and to promotea loveof thewritten word.The studentswanted to throw spitballsand whisperdirty wordsin the back of theroom.In collegeI hadbeen taughtthat asuccessful educatorshould ignorebad behavior.So Idid,confident that,as the textbook hadsaid,the bad behavior woulddisappear asI gavemy studentspositive attention.It soundsreasonable,but thetext evidentlyignored the fact thathumans,particularly teenagers,rarely seemsreasonable.By thetime my boss,who wasalso mytaskmaster,known to be thestrictest,most demanding,most quickto fireinexperienced teachers,came into the classroomto observeme,the studentsexhibited verylittle goodbehavior topraise.My bosssat in the backof theroom.The boysin the class weremaking animalnoises,hitting eachother whilethe girlsfiled theirnails orread magazines.I justpretended itall wasnthappening,and wenton lecturingand triedto asksome inspiringquestions.My boss,sitting in thebackof the classroom,seemed to be growingbigger andbigger.After twentyminutes heleft,silently.Visions ofunemployment marchedbefore myeyes.I feltmildly victoriousthat Igot throughtherestof classwithout crying,but atmy nextfree periodI hadto facehim.I wonderedif hewould letme finishout the day.I walkedto his office,took adeep breath,and opened the door.He wassitting inhis chair,and helooked atme longand hard.I saidnothing.All I could thinkof was that I was not an Englishteacher;I hadbeen lyingto myself,pretending thateverything wasfine.When hespoke,he saidsimply,without accusation,You hadnothing tosay to them.”“You hadnothing tosay to them]he repeated9No wonderthey arebored.Why notget to the meatof literatureand stoptalking about symbolism.Talk with them,notat them.And moreimportant,why doyou ignoretheir badbehavior Wetalked.He namedmy problemsand offeredsolutions.We role-played.He was the badstudent,and I was theforceful,yet,warm,teacher As the yearprogressed,we spentmany hoursdiscussing literatureand ideasabout human beings and their motivations.He helpedme identifymy weaknessesand strengths.In short,he madea teacherof meby teachingme the reality ofEmersons words:The secretto educationlies inrespecting thepupil.Fifteen yearslater Istill drivethat samewinding roadto the same school.Thanks to the helpI receivedthat difficultfirst year,the schoolis myhome now.l.It can be inferredfrom the story that in

1974.A.the writerbecame anoptimistic personB.the writerwas veryhappy abouther newjob C.it wasrather difficultto get a jobin the USA D.it waseasy to get ateaching jobin NewJersey

2.According to the passage,which of the followingis mostprobably the writers problem asa new teacherA.She hadblind trustin whatshe learntat college.B.She didntask experiencedteachers foradvice.C.She tooktoo muchtimeoffto eatand sleep.D.She didntlike teachingEnglish literature.

3.What is the writersbiggest worryafterhertaskmasters observation ofher class A.She mightlose herteachingjob.B.She mightlose herstudents respect.C.She couldntteach thesame classany more.D.She couldntignore herstudents9badbehaviorany more.

4.Which of the followinggives thewriter asense ofmild victoryA.Her talkaboutsymbolismsounded convincing.B.Her studentsbehaved alittle betterthan usual.C.She managedto finishthe classwithout crying.D.She wasinvited fora talkby herboss afterclass.

5.The studentsbehaved badlyin the writers classesbecause A.They wereeager toembarrass her.B.She didntreally understand them.C.They didntregard her asagood teacher.D.She didnthave agood commandof English.

6.The taskmasters attitude towards thewriterafter hisobservationofherclasscanbe described as.A.cruel butencouraging B.fierce but forgiving C.sincere andsupportive D.angry and aggressive【答案】l.C

2.A

3.A

4.C

5.B

6.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文文章描述的是作者工作第一年到偏远山区的一所学校执教的经历，当作者个人的执教理念和现实脱节时得到了上司的指点，对自己以后文学的教学起到了很大的影响

1.推理判断题根据第一段第一句In1974,after fillingout fiftyapplications,going throughfour interviews,and winningone offer可知，作者是投了50份简历，经历了四次面试才得到这份工作的，可以推断出当时找工作很难，故选C

2.细节理解题题干关键词为thewritersproblemasa newteacher,定位于第三第四段第三段后半部分说我有个问题很久没意识到，我的教学理念和教学实际脱节，第四段又说大学里受到的教育对我影响很大，可知对大学知识的盲目自信正是她的问题所在，A项正确B项的内容在文中没有涉及，没有提到其他老师的存在，可排除；C项描述与第三段第一句【workedhard,taking timeoff onlyto eatand sleep相矛盾；D项说作者不喜欢文学教学也与文中说作者对工作的执着和热心相背故选Ao3?细节理解题根据第五段最后一句After twentyminutes heleft,silently.Visions ofunemployment marchedbefore myeyes可知负责人只听了20分钟就悄悄地离开了，我似乎看到了自己被解雇的情形以及下一段第二句话我不知道他是否让我上完那天的课，由此可知作者怕丢掉来之不易的工作故选A

4.细节理解题根据第六段第一句Ifeltmildly victoriousthat Igot throughtherestof classwithout crying,but atmy nextfree periodI hadto facehim.I wonderedif hewould letme finishout the day可知作者能坚持平静地上完剩下的课程就已经是使她感到不容易的事情了故选C5,推理判断题根据myboss的话，可知作者并没有真正的了解学生，懂学生，只是盲目的使用学过的教育教学方法，所以应选B6,推理判断题根据第九段最后两句，the taskmaster直接指出我的问题，并通过角色扮演来帮助我，可知他的态度是真诚和支持的，所以选择C

10.（2020年，天津卷，第一次高考）Transport hasa lotto answerfor when it comesto harmingthe planet.While carsand trainsare movingtowards greener,electric power,emissions from air travelare expectedto increasemassively by

2050.If wewant biggreen skysolutions,we needblue skythinking Fortunately,theres plenty of thathappening rightnow,particularly theshort-haul flightspowered by batteries.Harbour Airis the largest seaplaneairline inNorth America,flying30,000commercial flightsin40seaplanes eachyear.Significantly,all Harbour Air routeslast lessthan30minutes,making itperfectly fit for electric engines.As anairline,were currentlyin theprocess ofturning allour planesinto electricairplanes.says CEOGreg MeDougall.To makethis happen,the airlinehas partneredup withMagniX to create the worlds firstcommercial flightwith anelectricengine.Making theskies electricisn*t justgood for the environment,it alsomakes soundfinancial sense:a smallaircraft uses$400on conventionalfuel fora100-mile flight,while anelectric onecosts$8-12for thesame distance,and thatsbefore youfactor in the highermaintenance costsof atraditional engine.Theres alsothe added bonus that electric planes are just muchmore pleasant to fly in.No loudengine noise,no smellof fuel,just environmentallyfriendly peaceand quiet.While therehas beenreal progress in thee-plane industry,the technicalchallenges thatremain arekeeping everyonesfeet firmlyon the ground.A battery,even alithium one,only provides250watt-hours perkilogram;compare thisto liquidfuel,which hasa specificenergy of11,890watt-hours perkilogram.Carrying adequate batteries,however,would make the planetoo heavyto getoff the ground.In aircraft,where everybit ofweight counts,this cant just be ignored.The transition（过渡）from gas to electric in theautomobile industryhas beenmade easierby hybrids-vehicles powered by bothfuel andelectricity.Many believethesamepattern could be followedin theair.Fuel consumptioncould bereduced as the electriccomponent isswitched onat keyparts of the journey,especially ontake-off andlanding.Its certainlyan excitingtime for electric flying.With companieslike Harbour Air taking the lead,battery-powered planes,especially onshort-haul journeys,are setto become a realityin the next few years.

18.According toPara.1,what ishappening in air transportA.New explorationsof thesky arebeing launched.B.Pollution caused bybatteriesis beingcontrolled.C.Efforts arebeing madeto make air travelgreener.D.Demand forshort-haul flightsis increasingmassively.

19.Why isHarbour Airfitfor electric flightsA.It runsshort routeB.It hasa strongpartner.C.Its planescan landon thesea.D.It hasplanes withpowerful engines.

20.The expressionadded bonus”refersto thefact that electricplanes.A.give passengersmore pleasantviews B.bring airlinesmore financialbenefits C.offer moreenjoyable flyingexperiences D.cost lessin maintenancethan traditionalones

21.What mightbe thebiggest challengeof electric flying A.To improve the groundservice fore-planes.B.To findqualified techniciansfore-plane industry.C.To calculatethe energyneeded topower e-planes.D.To balancepower andweight ofbatteries ine-planes.

22.What could be doneduring thetransition from gasto electricinair flightA.To producenew electriccomponents.B.To increasebattery consumption.C.To usemixed-power technology.D.To expand the landingfield.

23.What is the authorsattitude towardsthe prospectof electricflying A.Short-sighted.B.Wait-and-see.C.Optimistic.D.Skeptical.【答案】

18.C

19.A

20.C

21.D

22.C

23.C【解析】本文是说明文为了使航空旅行更环保，出现了电动飞行文章介绍了电动飞行的特点、优点、面临的挑战、解决措施和前景

18.推理判断题根据第一段中If wewant biggreen skysolutions,we needblue skythinking.Fortunately,theres plenty of thathappening rightnow,particularly theshort-haul flightspoweredbybatteries（如果我们想要大的绿色天空解决方案，就需要盛天思维幸运的是，现在有很多这样的情况发生，尤其是靠电池供电的短途飞行）由此判断出，人们正在努力使航空旅行更加环保故选C

19.细节理解题根据第二段Harbour Airisthelargest seaplaneairline inNorth America,flying30000commercial flightsin40seaplanes eachyear.Significantly,all Harbour Air routeslast lessuan30minutes,making itperfectly fitforelectricengines,可知，HarbourAir是北美最大的水上飞机航空公司，每年有40架水上飞机搭载3万次商业航班值得注意的是，所有港口航线的飞行时间都不到30分钟，这使得它完全适合于电动引擎也就是说HarbourAir的飞行航线短使电动飞行成了可能故选A

20.猜测词义题根据下文thatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.No loudengine noise,no smellof fuelJust environmentallyfriendly peaceand quiet.可知，电动飞机没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的味道，只有环保的宁静等优点，因此为乘坐电动飞机的乘客提供更愉快的飞行体验所以addedbonus指的是乘客获得的更愉快飞行体验的额外收获故选C

21.推理判断题根据倒数第三段A battery,even alithium one,only provides250watt-hours perkilogram;compare thisto liquidfuel,which hasaspecificenergy of11,890watt-hours perkilogram Carryingadequatebatteries,however,would makethe planetoo heavyto getoff theground.In aircraft.,where everybit ofweight counts,this can*tjustbeignored.可知电池不能提供足够的燃料，而携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法起飞在飞机上，每一点重量都很重要，不能忽视由此推知平衡电动飞机电池的功率和重量是电动飞机面临的最大挑战故选D

22.细节理解题根据倒数第二段The transition（过渡）fromgastoelectricin theautomobile industryhas beenmade easierby hybrids-vehicles poweredby bothfuel andelectricity.可知从燃料飞行至U电动飞行过渡过程中，可以使用燃料和电力混合动力技术故选C

23.推理判断题根据最后一段Ifs certainlyan excitingtime forelectricflying.With companiesHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-powered planes,especially onshort-haul journeys,are setto comea realityin the next fewyears.可知电动飞行无疑是激动人心的，电动飞行短途旅行将在未来几年内成为现实由此判断出作者对电动飞行的前景是乐观的故选C

11.（2012年，陕西卷）Spring iscoming,and it is timefor thoseabout tograduate tolook forjobs.Competition istough,so jobseekers mustcarefully considertheir personal choices.Whatever weare wearing,our familyand friendsmay acceptus,but the workplace maynot.A highschool newspapereditor saidit isunfair for companies todiscourage visibletattoos（纹身），nose rings,or certaindress styles.It is true you can9t judgea book by itscover,yet peopledo“cover themselves in order to conveycertain messages.What wewear,including tattoosand nose rings,is anexpression ofwhoweare.Just aspeople conveymessages about themselves with their appearances,so docompanies.Dress standardsexist in the businessworld fora numberof reasons,but the main concernis oftenabout whatcustomers accept.Others maysay how to dressisamatter ofpersonal freedom,but for businesses itis moreabout whetherto makeor losemoney.Most employersdo careaboutthepersonal appearancesof theiremployees,because thosepeople representthe companies to theircustomers.As ahiring managerI ampaid tochoose thepeople whowould makethe best impression on our customers.There areplentyofwell-qualified candidates,so itis notwrong toreject someonewho mightdisappoint mycustomers.Even thoughI amopen-minded,I cantexpect allour customersare.There isnobody toblame butyourself ifyour setof choicesdoes notmatch thatof yourpreferred employer.No companyshould have to change to satisfya candidatesimply becausehe orshe isunwilling torespect itsstandards,as longas itsstandards arelegal.

1.Which of the followingisthe newspaper editorsopinion accordingto Paragraph2A.Peoples appearancescarry messageabout themselves.B.Customers,choices influencedress standardsin companies.C.Candidates withtattoos ornose ringsshould befairly-treated.D.Strange dress styles shouldnot beencouraged in the workplace.

2.What canbe inferredfrom thetext A.Candidates have to wearwhat companiesprefer foran interview.B.What towear is notamatter ofpersonalchoicefor companies.C.Companies sometimeshave tochangetorespect theircandidates.D.Hiring managersmakethe bestimpressionon theircandidates.

3.Which of the followingwouldbe the best title for thetextA.Employees MatterB.Personal ChoicesMatter C.Appearances MatterD.Hiring ManagersMatter

4.The authorsattitude towardsstrange dressstyles in theworkplacemay bestbe described as.A.enthusiastic B.negative C.positive D.sympathetic【答案】l.C

2.B

3.C

4.B【解析】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装

1.推理判断题根据第二自然段的A highschool newspapereditor saiditisunfair forcompanies todiscourage visibletattoos（纹身）noserings,or certaindressstyles.It is true you cant judgea bookby itscover,yet peopledo“cover”themselvesin order toconvey（传递）certain messages,可知作者的意思是有纹身或戴鼻环去面试不会被公平的对待，故本题选C

2.推理判断题通读第三自然段可知本文作者的意思是员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题选B

3.主旨大意题本文讨论的主要是在求职的时候，人的外貌和穿着是很重要的，因为公司都要选择一些在形象上能够代表公司的人，故本题选C

4.推理判断题根据倒数第二段There areplentyofwell-qualified candidates,so itis notwrong toreject someonewho mightdisappoint mycustomers.Even thoughI amopen-minded,I cantexpect allour customersare说明作者也认为那些穿着奇怪的人是不能被选中的，说明他对这样的穿着是持否定的态度的，故选B

12.（2014年，浙江卷）Last summer,two nineteenth-century cottageswere rescuedfrom remotefarm fieldsin Montana,to bemoved to an ArtDeco buildingin SanFrancisco.The houseswere madeof wood.These cottagesonce housedearly settlersas theyworked the dry Montanasoil;now theyhold Twitterengineers.The cottagescouldbean exampleof theindustry9s oddlove affairwith“low technology,“a conceptassociated with the naturalworld,and withold-school craftsmanship（手艺）that existslong beforethe Internetera.Low technologyis notvirtual（虚拟的）一so,to take advantage of it,Internet companieshave hadto getcreative.The rescuedwood cottages,fitted byhand in the lateeighteen-hundreds,are anobvious example,but Twittersdesigns lieon theextreme end.Other companiesare usinga broaderinterpretation（阐释）of low technology thatfocuses onnature.Amazon isbuilding threeglass spheresfilled withtrees,so thatemployees canwork andsocialize ina morenatural,park-like setting.^^At Googlesoffice,an entirefloor iscarpeted inglass.Facebooks secondMenlo Parkcampus willhave arooftop parkwith awalking trail.Olle Lundberg,the founderof LundbergDesign,has workedwith manytech companiesover theyears.We have lost theconnection tothe makerin ourlives,and ourtech engineersare theones whofeel impoverished（贫乏的）,because theyresurrounded bythe digitalworld,“he says.Theyre lookingfbr away toregain their individual identity,and wevefound that introducing realcrafts isone wayto dothat.”This craftbased theoryis rootedin history,William Morris,the Englishartist andwriter,turned backto pre-industrial artsin theeighteen-sixties,just afterthe IndustrialRevolution.The Artsand Craftsmovement defineditself againstmachines.Without creativehuman occupation,people becamedisconnected fromlife/9Morris said.Research hasshown thatnatural environmentscan restore（恢复）our mentalcapacities.In Japan,patients areencouraged to“forest-bathe,“taking walksthrough woodsto lowertheir bloodpressure.These healthbenefits applytotheworkplace as well.Rachel Kaplvin,a professor of environmentalpsychology,has spentyears researchingthe restorativeeffects ofnatural environment.Her researchfound thatworkers with access to nature at the office-even simpleviews oftrees andflowers-felt theirjobs wereless stressfuland moresatisfying.If low-tech officescan potentiallynourish the brains andimprovethemental healthof employeesthen,fine,bring on the cottages.

1.The writermentions thetwo nineteenth-century cottagesto showthat.A.Twitter ishaving ahard timeB.old cottagesare inneed ofprotection C.early settlersonce sufferedfromadry climatein MontanaD.Internet companieshave rediscoveredthe benefitsof lowtechnology

2.Low technologyis regardedas somethingthat.A.is relatedtonatureB.is outof datetoday C.consumes toomuch energy D.exists in the virtualworld

3.The mainidea ofParagraph5is thathumanbeings.A.have destroyedmany pre-industrial artsB.haveatradition ofvaluing artsand craftsC.can becomeintelligent bylearning historyD.can regain theirindividualidentity byusing machines

4.The writersattitude to“lowtechnology^^can bestbedescribedas.A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful

5.What mightbe the besttitle for the passage A.Past Glories,Future DreamsB.The VirtualWorld,the RealChallenge C.High-tech Companies,Low-tech OfficesD.The MoreCraftsmanship,the LessCreativity【答案】l.D

2.A

3.B

4.A

5.C【解析】这是一篇说明文这篇短文讲述的是关于现代科技公司运用“大自然对人们创造力产生作用”的理念，积极创设原生态的办公环境这里提到的低科技指的是工业化之前的建造技术，它更贴近自然在自然的办公环境下，职员们不会感到有压力，对他们的健康是有好处的

6.细节理解题作者提到两个19世纪的村舍是为了表明什么？根据短文第二段中Low technologyisnotvirtual（虚拟的）一so,to takeadvantage ofit,Internet companieshave hadto getcreative可知，低科技不是虚拟的，因此要充分的利用它，高科技公司需要有创造力而短文开头提到的两个19世纪的小村舍就是低科技技术下的产物因此推断现代的高科技公司也需要用低科技的理念创设原生态的办公室故选D

7.推理判断题低科技被认为是什么样的事物？根据下文中作者给出的例子so thatemployees can“work andsocialize ina morenatural,park-like setting以及最后一段中Her researchfound thatworkers with access tonature at the office可以判断出，低科技跟大自然有关，即在一个天然的环境下，故选AB选项意思是低科技已经过时了，这不符合文意，现在很多高科技的公司都在打造低科技的办公室，让职员们更接近自然;C选项的意思是低科技消耗很多能源，其实正好相反，低科技的东西都是很天然的，不需要消耗很多能源；D选项的意思说低科技是虚拟的，而短文中说它并不是虚拟的，故与文意不符故选A

8.主旨大意题第五段主要是说人类怎样？根据这一段的第一句话This craftbased theoryis rootedin history,William Morris,the Englishartist andwriter,turned backto pre-industrial artsin theeighteen-sixties.可矢口，工艺基础理论是有其历史根源的，英国的艺术家、作家William Morris又回到了19世纪60年代的工业化之前的艺术也就是人类有珍视工艺的传统故选B

9.推理判断题作者对低科技的态度可以用哪一个词来形容？A.积极的；B.辩护的；C.谨慎的；D.怀疑的通过作者给出的这些例子可以看出，利用低科技建造的原生态办公室对职员们的工作的积极性是有好处的并且作者还引用了一项研究Research hasshown thatnatural environmentscan restore（恢复）our mentalcapacities来说明自然环境对我们精神上的有利影响故选A10主旨大意题这篇短文中作者告诉我们低科技不是虚拟的，现代的高科技公司需要有创造力，所以要充分的利用以前的低科技技术，创设更加原生态的办公环境故用High-tech Companies,Low-tech Offices作为题目是最合适的

13.（2014年，安徽卷）You maynot haveheard ofAshoka,butfor the past27years,this association,founded byBill Drayton,has foughtpoverty（贫穷）and sickness,promoted educationand encouragedsmall businesses.To supportthese worthycauses,Ashoka providesmoney for the worldsmost promisingchangemakers seeking to solve（解决）urgent problemsand wouldlike tocreate aworld inwhich everycitizen isa changemaker.Drayton believesthat anyone can become an agentfor change.The importantthing isto simplygive yourselfpermission.If you see aproblem thatyou careabout,you can help solveit.The youngin particularare willingto acceptthis conceptbecause atheart everychild wantsto growinto ahappy,healthy,contributing adult.In factIt ismany youngpeoples ambitionto setup programmesor businessesthat improve social conditions.An excellentexample isan Ashokaproject startedin1995in Dhaka,which handledthe rubbishproblem facingthe city,helped localfarmers andprovided anincome forpoor peoplethere.When Masqsood and Iftekharbegantostudy the problem of all theuncollected rubbishthat layin Dhakasstreets,Attracting tatsand disease,they discoveredthat80%ofit was naturalwaste.So theyeducated the poor people in thecity tocompost（把制成堆粪）this waste.They knewthat theywould havea marketforthe end productbecause localfarmers werestruggling withchemical ferntilisers（化月巴）which wereexpensive andhad reducedthe naturalminerals inthe soilover theyears.At first,they wererefused,but oncethey wereable topersuade that there wasmoney to be made,the projecttook off.In2009sales were$14,

000.Drayton isoptimistic thatin tenyears Ashokawill bemaking reallyserious practicalprogressinbringing aboutsocial changeby changingthe waywe lookat economicdevelopment.

1.Which of the followingcouldbe the besttitle forthe passage故选D项[33题】推理判断题通过文章第二段“The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeeling maybe usedby adoctor to find howbest tohelpherpatients,while acheater mightuse itto controlpotential victims.（医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者）“可推知，作者在文章第二段中提至「医生和骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点――情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人故选B项【34题】推理判断题通过文章第三段the overalleffects of the publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful....The popularizationofemotionalintelligence hashelped boththepublicand researchers（宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员广可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的故选A项【35题】推理判断题通过文章最后一段“we hopethat such attention willexcite agreater interestinthescientific andscholarly studyofemotion.It isour hopethatincoming decades,advances inscience willoffer newperspectives from whichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.（我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角）“可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望故选B项

2.（2021?W匕京）I remember thedayduring ourfirst weekof classwhen we were informedabout oursemester（学期）project ofvolunteering ata non-profit organization.When theteacher introducedus tothe differentorganizations thatneeded ourhelp,my lastchoice wasOperation IraqiChildren（OIC）.My firstimpression of the organizationwas thatit wasnot going to makeenough of a differencewith the plans I had in mind.Then,an OICrepresentative gaveus somedetails,which somewhatinterested me.After doingsome research,I believedthat we could reallydo somethingfor thosekids.When Iwent onlinetotheOIC website,I sawpictures of the Iraqi children.Their faceswere sopowerful insending amessage of their despair（绝望）and needthat Ijoined thisproject withouthesitation.We decided to collectas manyschool suppliesas possible,and makethem intokits onekit,one child.The mostrewarding dayfor ourgroup wasproject day,when allthe effortswe putinto collectingthe itemsfinally cametogether.When I saw thevarious supplieswe hadcollected,it hitme thatevery kit wewereto buildthat daywould eventuallybe inthe handsof anIraqichild.Over thepast fourmonths,I hadnever imaginedhow Iwould feelonce our project wascompleted.While makingthe kits,I realizedthat I had lostsight of the truemeaning behindit.I hadonly focusedon thefactthatit wasanother schoolproject and one Iwantedtogetagood gradeon.When thekits werecompleted,and readyto besent overseas,the warmfeeling Ihad wasone Iwould neverforget.In the beginning,I daredmyself to makea difference inthe lifeof anotherperson.Now thatour projectis over,I realizethat Ihave affectednot onlyone life,but ten.With ourefforts,ten youngboys andgirls willnow be able tofurther theireducation.

64.How didthe authorfeel aboutjoining theOIC project inthebeginning A.It wouldaffect his/her initialplans.B.It wouldinvolve travelingoverseas.C.It wouldnot bringhim/heragood grade.D.It wouldnot liveup tohis/her expectations.A.changemakers B.Businessmen C.Social ConditionsD.Rubbish Problem

2.The underlinedword them in Paragraph3probably refersto”A.the localfarmers B.MasqsoodandIftekhar C.Dray tonand histeam D.thepoor peopleinDhaka

3.1t canbe concludedfrom the passage thatanyonecanbecomea changemaker ifhe.A.considers Draytonsconcept B.gets permissionfrom AshokaC.tries toimprovesocial conditions D.isayoung,happy and healthy adult

4.The authorsattitude towardsAshoka*s programcanbedescribedasA.changing B.forgiving C.cautious D.Positive【答案】

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.D【解析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就

1.主旨大意题根据文章第一段的内容Ashoka providesmoney forthe worldsmost promisingchangemakers Hseekingtosolve（解决）urgent problemsand wouldlike tocreate aworld inwhich everycitizen isachangemaker.可知这篇文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业，为了让每个人都变成“changemakers”，故选A

3.细节理解题根据文章第二段的第四行的句子In factIt ismany youngpeoples ambitionto setup programmesorbusinessesthat improvesocialconditions.可矢口每个人都能成为changemaker”,只要他们努力提高社会状况，故选C

4.推理判断题根据文章的内容可知作者介绍Ashoka项目的宗旨，它对于促进社会进步的做法和措施，并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就，还有从最后一段可以看出作者对于Ashoka这个项目是乐观的，故选D

15.（2014年，重庆卷）The idea of beingable to walk on water haslong interestedhumans greatly.Sadly,biological factsprevent usever accomplishingsuchathing withoutartificial aid---we simplyweigh toomuch,and allour masspushes downthrough ourrelatively smallfeet,resulting ina lot of pressure that makes us sink.However,several typesof animalscan walkon water.One of the mostinteresting isthe commonbasilisk Basilicusbasilicus,a lizard（蜥蜴）native toCentral andSouth America.It canrun acrosswater fora distanceof severalmeters,avoiding getting wet byrapidly hittingthe waterssurface withits feet.The lizardwill takeas manyas20steps persecond tokeep movingforward.For humansto dothis,we,d needhuge feetthat wecould bringup to our earsinordertocreate adequate whitting.But fortunatelythere isan alternative:cornflour.By addingenough ofthis commonthickening agentto waterand it does takea lot,you cancreate a“non-NewtoniarT liquidthat doesntbehave likenormal water.Now,if the surface of the wateris hithard enough,particles粒子inthe water grouptogether fora momentto makethe surfacehard.Move quicklyenough and put enoughforce intoeach step,and youreally canwalk across thesurfaceof anadequately thickLiquid ofcornflour.Fun thoughall thismay sound,its stillrather messyand betterread about in theorythan carriedout inpractice.If youmust do it,then keepthe waterwings handyin caseyou startto sink―and takea showerafterward!

1.Walking onwater hasntbecomea reality mainlybecause humans.A.are not interestedinit B.have biologicallimitations C.have notinvented propertools D.are afraidto makean attempt

2.What dowe know about Basilicusbasilicus from the passage A.It islight enoughtowalkonwater.B.Its hugefeet enableittostay abovewater.C.It canrun acrosswater ata certainspeed.D.Its uniqueskin keepsit fromgettingwetin water.

3.What isthefunctionof thecornflour accordingtothe passage A.To create a thickliquid.B.To turnthe waterinto solid.C.To helpthe liquidbehave normally.D.To enablethe waterto moverapidly.

4.What isthe authorsattitude toward the ideaof humans,walking onwater A.It isrisky butbeneficial.B.It isinteresting andworth trying.C.It iscrazy andcannot becomeareality.D.It isimpractical thoughtheoretically possible.【答案】

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文人类有一个一直感兴趣但一直未能实现的愿望水上行走不能实现的原因是“生物性局限:本文主要介绍了一种理论上可行实际上难以实现的人类水上行走的方法借助玉米粉cornflour增加水面浓度

1.细节理解题从第――段Sadly,biological factsprevent usever accomplishingsuchathing withoutartificial aid...可知，人类至今不能在水面行走是“生物”原因选择B2?细节理解题o从第二段It canrun acrosswater fora distanceof severalmeters,avoiding gettingwet byrapidly hittingthewater飞surface withits feet.一句可知，这种蜥蜴能在水面行走是因为速度快每秒钟达到20步选择Co3?细节理解题第三段this commonthickening agent明确这是一种“常见的增稠剂选择A

4.推理判断题从第二段itdoestakea lot,最后一段its stillrather messyand betterread aboutin theorythan carriedoutinpractice.等句推断，借助增稠剂实现人类在水面行走，理论上可行但真正实现很难做到选择D项

16.（2013年，辽宁卷）Here isan astonishingand signficantfact:Mental workalone cantmake ustired.It soundsabsurd.But a fewyears ago,scientists triedtofindout howlong thehuman couldlabor withoutreaching astage offatigue（疲劳）.To theamazement of these scientists,they discoveredthett bloodpassing throughthe brain,when itis active,shows nofatigue atall!If we tookadrop ofblood froma daylabourer,wecould find itfull offatigue toxins（毒素）and fatigueproducts.But ifwetookblood fromthe brainof AlbertEinstein,it wouldshow nofatigue toxingatthe end oftheday.So faras thebrain isconcerned,it canworkas well andswiftly attheendof eightor eventwelve hoursf effortsas atthebeginning.The brainis totallytireless.So whatmakesustired.Some scientistsdeclare thatmost ofour fatiguecome fromour mentaland emotional（情感的）attitudes.One ofEnglands mostoutstanding scientists.J.A.Hadfield,says,The greaterpart ofthe fatiguefromwhichwe sufferisofmental origin.In fact,fatigue ofpurely physicalorigin israre.^^Dr.Brill,a famousAmerican scientist,goes evenfurther.He declares/One hundredpercent ofthe fatigueofasitting workerin goodhealth isdue toemotional problems.What kindsof emotionsmake sitting workers tiredJoySatifactionNo!A feelingof beingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feelingof notbeing appreciated-those areemotions thattire sitting workers.Hard workby itselfseldom causesfatigue.We gettired becauseour emotionsproduce nervousnessinthebody.

1.What surprisedthe scientistsafewyearsagoA.Fatigue toxinscould hardlybe foundinalabours blood.B.Albert Eisteindidnt feelworn outafter adays work.C.The braincould workfor manyhours withoutfatigue.D.A mentalworkers bloodwas filledwith fatiguetoxins.

2.According tothe author,which ofthe followingcan makesitting workertired A.Challenge mentalwork.B.Unpleasant emotions.C.Endless tasks.D.Physical labor.

3.Whafs theauthoursattitudetowardsthescientists9ideas A.He agreeswith them.B.He doubtsthem C.He arguesagainst them.D.He hesitatesto acceptthem.

4.We caninfer fromthe passagethatinordertostay energetic,sittingworkersneed to.A.have somegood bloodB.enjoy theirwork C.exercise regularlyD.discover fatiguetoxin【答案】l.C

2.B

3.A

4.B【解析】本文为说明文研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素L细节理解题根据第一段中To theamazement ofthese scientists,they discoveredthe bloodpassing throughthebrain,when itis active,shows nofatigue atall!”可知，令这些科学家们惊讶的是，大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳所以大脑可以连续工作好几个小时而不感到疲劳C项正确

5.细节理解题根据倒数第二段Some scientistsdeclare thatmostofour fatiguecome fromour mentalandemotional（情感的）attitudes.可知，使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题所以不愉快的情绪会使坐着工作的人感到疲倦故B项正确

6.推理判断题通读全文可知，研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素根据最后――段Hard workby itselfseldom causesfatigue.We gettired becauseour emotionsproduce nervousnessinthebody.可知，努力工作本身很少引起疲劳我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张感觉由此判断出作者对科学家的观点持支持的态度故选A项

7.推理判断题根据倒数第二段He declares,One hundredpercent ofthe fatigueofasittingworkerin goodhealth isdue toemotional problems「可知，他宣称:“一个健康状况良好的在职员工的疲劳百分之百是由情绪问题造成的由此我们可以从文章中推断，为了保持精力充沛，坐着的工人需要喜欢他们的工作故选B项

17.（2011年，陕西卷）Ever sincetheywerefirst puton themarket inthe early1990s,genetically modified（GM,转基因）foods have been increasinglydeveloped andmarketed inmany countriesintheword,mainly on the basisof theirpromise toend the worldwide foodcrisis.But canGM technologysolve worldhunger problemsEven ifit would,is itthebestsolution Despitewhat itpromises,GM technologyactually hasnot increasedthe productionpotential of any corp.In fact,studies showthatthe most widelygrown GMcrop.GM soybeans,has sufferedreduced productivity.For instance,a reportthan analysednearly twodecades ofresearch onmojor GMfood cropsshows that GM engineeringhas failed to significantlyincrease UScrop production.Something else,however,has beenon the rise,While GMseeds areexpensive,GM companiestell farmersthat theywill makegood profitsby savingmoney onpesticides（杀虫齐Ll）.On thecontrary,US governmentdata showthat GM crops inthe UShave producedan overallincrease inpesticide usecompared totraditional crops.“The promisewas thatyou coulduse less chemicals andboost production.But netheris trueJ saidBill Christison,President ofthe USNational FarmCoalition.At thesame time,the authorsofthebook WorldHunger:Twelve Mythsargue thatthere actuallyis morethan enoughfood intheworldand thatthe hungercrisis isnot causedby production,but byproblems in food distributionand politics.These indeeddeserve ourefforts and money.Meanwhile,theriseinfoodprices resultsfromtheincreased use of crops for fuelrather thanfood,accordingtoa2008World Bank report.As amatter offact,scientists seebetter waysto feedtheworld.Another WorldBank reportconcluded thatGM cropshave littleto offertothechallenges ofworldwide povertyand hunger,because betterways outare available,among which“green“farming is supposed tobethe first choice.

78.The authordevelops thesecond paragraphmainly.A上y classificationB.by comparisonC.by exampleD.by process

79.What doesthe underlinedword“boost“inthethird paragraphprobably meanA.Control.B.Evaluate C.Obtain.D.Increase.

80.GM companiespromise farmersthat theywill benefitfrom.A.practicing green“farming B.useoflesschemicalsC.fair distributionoftheircrops D.using morecropsforfuel

81.Which ofthe followingbest describesthe attitudeofthe author towardsGM technologyA.Optimistic B.Defensive C.Disapproving D.Casual【答案】

78.C

79.D

80.B

81.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章说明了转基因粮食对于解决世界饥荒的作用和存在的问题

82.推理判断题根据第二段“For instance,a reportthan analysednearly twodecades ofresearch onmajor GMfood cropsshows thatGM engineeringhas failedto significantlyincrease UScrop production.”可知，该段采用的是举例子的方法故选C

83.词义猜测题根据前句“On thecontrary,US governmentdata showthatGMcrops inthe UShave producedan overallincrease inpesticide usecompared totraditional crops.（相反，美国政府的数据显示，与传统作物相比,美国转基因作物的农药使用量总体上有所增加户可知，他们承诺为了帮助农民解决粮食问题，通过减少化学品的使用和提高（increase）粮食产量的方式实现从而推出boost为“增加”之意故选D

84.细节理解题根据第三段“The promisewas thatyou coulduse lesschemicals andboost production.But netheris trueJ saidBill Christison,President oftheUSNational FarmCoalition.（我们的承诺是，你可以使用更少的化学品，提高产量但事实并非如此，“美国国家农场联盟主席比尔?克里斯蒂森表示户可知基因公司向农民承诺，他们将从减少化学品的使用中受益故选B

85.推理判断题根据最后一段Another WorldBankreportconcluded thatGMcropshave littleto offertothechallenges ofworldwide povertyand hunger,because betterways outare available,among whichgreerT farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.”可知，有很多更好的方法可以采用，所以对于转基因粮食持不赞成态度故选C

18.（2011年，北京卷）Asthe railroads and the highwaysshaped the American Westinthepast centuries,anewelecthical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen forthe21th centurywill leavea lastingmark on the West,for betteror worse.Much oftherealsignificance ofrailroads andhighways isnotintheir directphysical effecton thescenery,but inthe waysthat theyaffect thesuurouding community.The sameistrueof bigsolar ppantsand thepower linesthat will be laiddowm to move electricity around.The19lh centurysaw land grants（政府拨地）offered torailroad companies to buildthe transcontinentalrailroads,leaving publicland inbetween privatelyowned land.In muchofthe west,some ofthe railroadsections weredeveloped whileothers remainedundeveloped,and inboth casesthe landownershiphas presentedunique challengesto landmanagement,with thecompletion orthe interstatehighway system,many ofthe small towns whichsprang up as railwaystops anddeveloped well,havelosttheir lifebloodand died.Big solar plants andtheir power lines willalso haveeffects farbeyond theirdirect footprintinthe west.this isnotanargument againstbuilding then,we needalternative energybadly.andtoreally takeadvantage ofitweneed tobeable to move electricityaroundfarmorereadily thanwe cannow.So trade-offs willhave tobe made.some scenicsport will be sacrificed.some species（物种）will beforced to move,or willbe carefullymoved tospecial accommodations,deals willbe struckto reducethe immediateeffects.The lastingeffects ofthese trade-offs areanother matter.the21sl centurydevelopment ofthe Americanwest asan ideal place foralternative energyis goingtothrowoff a lot of power andmoney todo alotof good.but itis justas likelythat theywillbespent wastefullyand willleave newproblems behindjust like the railroadandthehighway.The moneyset asidein negotiatedtrade-offs andthe institutionthat controlwill shapethewestfarbeyondthe immediatefootprint ofpower plantsand transmissionlines.so letsremembertheeffects oftherailroadandthe highways aswe constructthese newpower plantsinthewest.

1.what wastheproblemcausedbythe constructionoftherailwaysA.smalltownsalong therailways becameabandoned.B.some railroadstops remained.C.land inthewestwas hardto manage.D.landgrantswent intoprivate hands.

2.what isthe major concern inthe developmentof alternativeenergy accordingtothelast two