2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--讲考点--胸有成竹（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点5?主旨要义之文章大意.?讲考点??{?有成竹[2022年文章大意考点归纳】、^点题文章大意小、2022试卷类型设问考占J/、、、2022年全国中春阅读C3L What is the text mainly about文章大意20212021年3月天津卷C篇

56.What isthe passagemainly about阅读理解文章大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇

10.What isthe lastparagraph mainly about文章大意20202020年新课标I I卷B篇

27.What isthe textmainly about文章大意【2023年高考命题预测】文章大意考点是高考中的必考点一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有它的中心思想预测在2023高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】规律方法如何概括文章大意？

1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意

2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除考例分析B【

2020.全国新课标n】Some parentswill buyany high-tech toyif theythink itwill helptheir child,but researcherssaid puzzleshelp childrenwith math-related skills.Psychologist SusanLevine,an experton mathematicsdevelopment inyoung childrenthe Universityof Chicago,found childrenwho play with puzzlesbetween ages2and4later developbetter spatialskills.Puzzle playwas foundto bea significantpredictor ofcognition（认矢口）after controllingfor differencesin parents7income,education and the amountof parenttalk,Levine said.The researchersanalyzed videorecordings of53child-parent pairsduring everydayactivities athome andfound childrenwho playwith puzzlesbetween26and46months of age havebetter spatialskills whenassessed at54months ofage.“The childrenwho played with puzzlesperformed betterthan thosewho didnot,on tasksthat assessedtheir abilityto rotate（旋转）and translateshapes JLevine saidin astatement.The parentswere askedto interactwith theirchildren asthey normallywould,and abouthalf ofchildren in the studyplayed withpuzzles atone time.Higher-income parentstended tohave childrenplaywithpuzzles morefrequently,and bothboys andgirls whoplayedwithpuzzles hadbetter spatialskills.However,boys tendedto playwith morecomplex puzzlesthan girls,andtheparents ofboys providedmore spatiallanguage and were moreactive duringpuzzle playthan parentsof girls.The findingswere publishedin thejournal DevelopmentalScience.

24227.What isthe textmainly aboutA.A mathematicalmethod.B.A scientificstudy.C.A womanpsychologist D.A teachingprogram.【答案】

27.B【解析】本文是说明文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果

27.主旨大意题本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果所以是关于科学研究的B.A scientificstudy（一项科学研究）符合以上说法，故选B项C【

2020.全国新课标ni】With theyoung unableto affordto leavehome andthe oldat riskof isolation（孤独），more familiesare choosingto livetogether.The doorwayto peaceand quiet,for NickBright atleast,leads straightto hismother-in-law,she liveson theground floor,while helives upstairswith hiswife andtheir twodaughters.Four years ago theyall movedinto athree-storey Victorianhouse inBristol-one ofa growingnumber of multigenerational familiesin the UK livingtogether underthe sameroof.They sharea frontdoor anda washingmachine,but RitaWhitehead hasher ownkitchen,bathroom,bedroom andliving roomon theground floor.“We floatedthe ideato mymum ofsharing ata houseJ saysKathryn Whitehead.Rita cutsin:We spokemore withNick becauseI thinkits abig thingfbr Nickto live with hismother-in-law.”And whatdoes Nickthink Frommy standpoint,it allseems towork verywell.Would Irecommend itYes,I thinkI would.Its hard to tellexactly howmany peopleagree withhim,but researchindicates that the numbershave beenrising forsome time.Official reportssuggest thatthe number of householdswith threegenerations livingtogether hadrisen from325,000in2002to419,000in

2013.Other varietiesofmultigenerationalfamily aremore common.Some peoplelivewith their elderlyparents;many moreadult childrenare returningto thefamily home,if theyever left.It issaid thatabout20%of25-34-year-olds livewith theirparents,compared with16%in

1991.The totalnumberofall multigenerationalhouseholds inBritain isthought to be about

1.8million.Stories likethat aremore commonin partsof theworld wheremultigenerational livingis morefirmly rooted.In India,particularly outsidecities,young womenare expectedto movein withtheir husbandsfamily when they getmarried.

31831.What isthe textmainly aboutA.Lifestyles indifferent countries.B.Conflicts betweengenerations.C.A housingproblem inBritain.D.A risingtrend ofliving in theUK.【答案】

31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象

31.主旨大意题通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With theyoung unableto affordto leavehome andthe oldat riskof isolation（孤独），more familiesare choosingto livetogether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势故选D项【试题精练】

1.D【江西省八校2021-2022学年高三第一次联考】Whether itsthe slowdrifting apartfrom achildhood friend,the sudden,sharp distancecreated bya disagreement,or oneof themany relationshipsthat havequietly fallenaway duringthe pandemic,losing someonethat youthought wouldalways bein yourlife isdeeply jarring.But friendshipbreakups willhappen over the course of our lives,and we need tostart learninghow todeal withthem inhealthy ways,says friendshipcoach DanielleBayard Jackson.The mostsignificant thingweneedto do,says Jackson,is normalizethe factthat sometimesfriendships doend andthat canactually behealthy.However,we haventbeen taughtto carrythis expectationinto ourfriend relationships.“Were notlooking atour friendsthrough alens（透镜）of Gosh」hope this works out,but welldo thatwith aromantic partnerfbr sure/says Jackson.With apartner,we wonderif theyYegoing to be theone.But withfriends,we assumethey1re theone fromthe minutewe establishthat welike eachother.”And becausewe dontview theloss ofa friendshipas a normal occurrence,it feelslike apersonal failingwhen ithappens andsomething weshould beashamed of.Or,as Jacksonputs it,“If friendship is supposedtobeeasy andyours ended,what didyou dowrong,But thatisnt thecase.Friendships,like anyrelationship,sometimes arentmeant tobe andeven ifthey are,maintaining themtakes realwork.Kristen Newtonhas beeninterested inthisworkfor yearsand foundedHEART Convos,which aimsto helppeople whofeel stuckin unsatisfyingfriendships havethe kindof openand honestcommunication thatkeeps afriendship healthy.“I thinkwe feelblindsided becausewe belittlethe valueand significanceof oursocial connectionsand friendship.Yet werecognize theweight thatthey carrywhentheydont workout,andweexperience thathurt anddisappointment Jshe says.

12.What isthe textmainly aboutA.How toregain afriendship thathas ended.B.The lossofafriendshipisanormaloccurrence.C.Why friendshipbreaks upoverthe courseof ourlives.D.Many relationshipshave fallenaway duringthe pandemic.【答案】

12.B【解析】本文是议论文文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法

12.主旨大意题根据第一段Whether itsthe slowdrifting apartfrom achildhood friend,the sudden,sharp distancecreated bya disagreement,or oneof themany relationshipsthat havequietly fallenaway duringthe pandemic,losing someonethat youthought wouldalways bein yourlife isdeeply iairing.（不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安）“和第二段But friendshipbreakups willhappen overthecourseofourlives（但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的广可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情故选B

2.D【陕西省渭南市2022届高三教学质量检测一模】The earliesttomatoes werelittle sourberries.They grewamong lowbushes indry,sunny placesinthe Andes Mountainsin SouthAmerica.It wasabout350million years ago.Tomato plantsare relativeto nightshade（茄属植物），which haspoison.The leavesand stemsof tomato plants havepoison,but theberries aregood toeat.The berriesare redso thatanimals canfind themeasily andeat them.The animalscarry theseeds toother places.That washow earliesttomatoplantsfound newplaces togrow.Tomatoes arealso relativeto tobacco,chili peppersand potatoes.When peoplefirst cameto SouthAmerica about20,000yearsago,they atethese tinywild tomatoes.Travelers broughta fewkinds ofwild tomatoplants fromtheAndesto CentralAmerica,there theancestors ofthe Mayabegan tofarm them.Nobody knowsexactly whenpeople beganfarming tomatoes,but itprobably wasmuch laterthan cornand beans,and itwas surelybefore500BC.These CentralAmerican fannersbred tomatoestobebigger andsweeter thanthe wildones.By thetime Spanishexplorers gotto Tenochtitlanin Mexicoin1521AD,the Aztecpeople ereeating a lot of tomatoes,made asauce ofchopped（剁碎的）tomatoes,onions,salt andchili peppersthat wasalotlike oursalsa.The word“tomato comesfrom theirNahuatl word“tomato”.Because tomatoes werent farmeduntil prettylate,farmers furthernorth hadnot yetbeen ableto adaptheir growingseason toworking inNorth America.Even today,its prettyhardtoget yourtomatoes ripeinthenorthern partsof NorthAmerica beforethe growingseason ends.

15.What isthe textmainlyaboutA.How togrow tomatoes.B.The historyoftomatoes.C.When togrow tomatoes.D.The placeswhere tomatoesgrow.【答案】

15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章介绍了西红柿的历史

15.主旨大意题阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The earliesttomatoeswerelittle sourberries.（最早的西红柿是小的酸浆果）“，第三段第一句When peoplefirst cameto SouthAmerica about20,000yearsago,they atethese tinywild tomatoes.（大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄）”和第四段第一句By thetime Spanishexplorers gotto Tenochtitlanin Mexicoin1521AD,the Aztecpeople ereeating alot oftomatoes（当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿广和最后一段“Because tomatoesweren*t farmeduntil prettylate,（因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的）“可知，本文介绍了西红柿的历史故选B

3.C【吉林省长春市重点高中2022届高三下学期第三次模拟】One ofthe greatestchallenges incaring forsuch intelligentanimals aschimpanzees（猩猩）is providingthem withenriching experiences.Every day,the chimpanzeesat ProjectChimps receivemorning andevening food-based enrichmentdevices,but caregiversare alwayslooking formore waysto keepthe chimpsmentally engaged.With79chimpanzees,each withtheir distinctivepersonality,care staffoften findthat differentchimps reactdifferently tonew enrichment.Last year,we beganinviting musiciansto performfor chimpsto seewhat theymay respond.A violinperformance receivedquite theresponse.Additional musicianswere linedup tovisit butthe coronavirushas stoppedthe activities,which wehope toresume inthe nearfuture.This pastweek,we broughtan electricpiano for the chimpsto investigate.Some chimps,like twinsButtercup andClarisse,were immediatelyinterested andcould notwait totap outa fewnotes.Others,like Emma,were moreinterested intrying totake itapart.29-year-old Precioushas verylittle toleranceforthe piano.She satoff to the sidefor afew minutes,but eventuallyshe decidedthat wasenough.She calledan endtotheenrichment sessionby throwinga handfulof wasteatthepiano.Receiving hermessage loudand clear,we removedthepiano.We couldnever haveguessed how33-year-old Lukewould reactto it.As withmany retiredlab chimpanzees,Luke hassome anxietyissues.He seemsparticularly distrustfulof anythingnew,including people,food,and enrichment.But whenwe presentedthe chimpswiththepiano,Luke wasthe firstto investigate.We couldnot believeour eyes-this usuallyanxious chimpanzeebravely choseto exploresomething new!To usat ProjectChimps,this iswhat itis allabout:giving chimpanzeesthe freedomto choose.We arehonored tobe partof theirjourney.

11.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.How caregiverscare forthe retiredchimpanzees.B?What carestaff doto enrichchimpanzees dailylife.C.How chimpanzeesare trainedthrough variousenrichment.D.What ProjectChimps doesto observeand studywild chimps.【答案】IL B【解析】这是一篇记叙文主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事

11.主旨大意题根据第一段前两句One ofthe greatestchallenges incaring forsuch intelligentanimals aschimpanzees（猩猩）is providingthem withenriching experiences.Every day,the chimpanzeesat ProjectChimps receivemorning andevening food-based enrichmentdevices,but caregiversare alwayslooking formore waysto ke叩the chimpsmentally engaged.（照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态）”，以及最后一段“To usat ProjectChimps,this iswhat itis allabout:giving chimpanzeesthe freedomto choose.We arehonored tobe partof theirjourney.（对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义给予黑猩猩选择的自由我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分广可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符故选B项。