2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点7--推理判断之写作目的--讲考点--胸有成竹（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

7..推理判断之目的和意图.?讲考点??!?有成竹【2022年目的和意图考点归纳】、^点题推理判断之目的和意图扪、考占p，、、、2022试卷类型设问阅读理解

2022.新高考I卷阅读B

24.What doesthe authorwant toshow by目的和意图telling the arugula story

20212021.英语全国甲卷C M

30.

10.Why didthe authorlike to spend timein目的和意图Southbank whenhe returnedto London

2021.全国高考乙卷C篇

29.Why doesthe authordiscuss plasticstraws in目的和意图paragraph

32021.全国新高考I D篇

33.Why doesthe authormention doctorand目的和意图“cheater inparagraph

22021.全国新高考II D篇

34.Why doesPete Bondsstill hirecowboys to目的和意图卷watch cattle2020C篇

31.What isthe purpose of thistext

2020.全国新高考I山目的和意图东卷【2023年高考命题预测】推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一定是为了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把自己当成读者预测在2023高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】规律方法常见的设问方式What isthe mainpurpose of the authorwriting the text Thepurpose of thetextis to get morepeople to_________.The writerof the story wantsto tellus that________?The fact...is mentionedby the author toshow_____________.The authorwriters the last paragraphin orderto__________?写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图考例分析

1.B【2022?新高考I卷】Like most of us,I tryto bemindful offood thatgoes towaste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was tomake anice greensalad,rounding outa roastchicken dinner.But Iended upworking late.Then friendscalled witha dinnerinvitation.I stuckthe chickenin thefreezer.But asdays passed,the arugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In aworld wherenearly800million peoplea yeargo hungry,food wastegoes againstthe moralgrain Jas ElizabethRoyte writesin thismonths coverstory.Itjaw-dropping howmuch perfectlygood food is thrownaway-from ugly”（but quiteeatable）vegetables rejectedby grocersto largeamounts ofuneaten dishesthrown intorestaurant garbagecans.Producing food that noone eatswastes thewater,fuel,and otherresources used to growit.That makesfood wastean environmentalproblem.In fact,Royte writes,“if foodwaste werea country,it wouldbe thethird largestproducer ofgreenhouse gasesin theworld.”If thatshard tounderstand,lets keepit assimple asthe arugulaat theback ofmy refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees myarugula storyall thetime-but forhim,its morelike12bones ofdonated strawberriesnearing theirlast days.Curtin isCEO ofDC CentralKitchen inWashington,D.C.,which recoversfood andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit recoveredmore than807,500pounds offood bytaking donationsand collectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce thatotherwise wouldhave rottedin fields.And thestrawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and freezeor drythem foruse inmeals down the road.Such methodsseem obvious,yet sooften wejust dontthink.Everyone canplay apart inreducing waste,whether bynot purchasingmore foodthan necessaryin yourweekly shoppingor byasking restaurantsto notinclude theside dishyou wonteat JCurtin says.

4.What doesthe authorwant toshow bytelling thearugula storyA.We paylittle attentionto foodwaste.B.We wastefood unintentionallyat times.C.We wastemore vegetablesthan meat.D.We havegood reasonsfor wastingfood.【答案】

4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力

4.B推理判断题根据文章第一段中的Like mostof us,I tryto bemindful offoodthatgoes towaste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物厂及“Bui asdays passed,thearugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物故选Bo

2.C【

2020.全国新高考I山东卷】In themid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught Englishas avolunteer inUzbekistan.He leftafter sevenmonths,physically brokenand havinglost hismind.A fewyears later,still attractedto thecountry,he returnedto Uzbekistanto writean articleabout thedisappearance of the AralSea.His visit,however,ended upinvolving alot morethan that.Hence thisbook,Chasing theSea:Lost Amongthe Ghostsof Empirein CentralAsia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millionsof liveshave beendestroyed by the slowdiying upof thesea.It isthestoryof anAmerican travellingto a strange land,and of the peoplehe meetson his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old whopicked uphis colorfulEnglish inCalifornia,Oleg andNatasha,his hostsin Tashkent,and astring offoreign aidworkers.This is a quicklook atlife inUzbekistan,made offriendliness andwarmth,but alsoits darkerside ofsociety.In Samarkand,Mr Bisselladmires thearchitectural wonders,while onhiswayto Bukharahe getsa tasteof policemethods whensuspected ofdrug dealing.In Ferghana,he attendsa mountainfuneral（葬礼）followed byastrangedrinking party.And inKarakalpakstan,he issaddened bythe duststorms,diseases andfishing boatsstuck milesfrom thesea.Mr Bissellskillfully organizeshistorical insightsand culturalreferences,making histale awell-rounded pictureof Uzbekistan,seen fromWestern eyes.His judgmentand referencesare decidedlyAmerican,as wellas hisdelicate stomach.As theauthor explains,this isneither a travel nora historybook,or evena pieceof reportage.Whatever itis,the resultisafine andvivid descriptionof thepurest ofCentral Asiantraditions.

11.What isthe purposeof thistext A.To introducea book.B.To explaina culturalphenomenon.C.To remembera writer.D.To recommend atraveldestination.【答案】IL A【解析】本文是记叙文文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察

11.推理判断题文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书故选A【试题精练】

1.【浙江省镇海中学2021-2022学年高三月考】Elena Yidreamed ofpursuing pianoperformance incollege,never mindingthat herfingers couldbarely reachthe lengthof anoctave（八度音阶）.Unable tofully play many worksby Romantic-era composersincluding Beethoven and Brahms,she triedanyway-and inher determinationtospendhours practicinga Chopinconcerto,wound upinjuring herself.The effortsof ProfessorCarol Leonefrom theSouthern MethodistUniversity（SMU）are changingall that:twenty yearsago,the schoolbecame the first majoruniversity in the U.S.to introducesmaller keyboardsinto itsmusic program,leveling theplaying fieldfor Yiand otherpiano majors.Yi,21,tried oneof thesmaller keyboards,I rememberbeing reallyexcited,because myhands couldactually reachand playall theright notes/she said.For decades,few questionedthe sizeof thetraditional piano.For thosewith smallhand spans（掌总巨），its difficultto properlyplay manyworks ofBeethoven andBrahms.Those whoattempt toplay themeither getused toskipping notesor riskinjury withrepeated play.Leone isfamiliar withsuch challenges.Born into a familyof musicians,she favoredclassical musicand pursuedpiano despiteher smallhand span,and earneda degreeas adoctor inmusical arts.The ideaof smallerkeyboards firstmet resistancefrom sometraditionalists.Leone alsosaid thatwhen sheraised theissue withone Vienneseprofessor,he toldher therewere alreadytoo manypianists anyway.Though suchresistance isfading,there aresome verytraditional peoplewho thinkof pianoas acompetitive thing.Leone said,“This isart,not sport.Its aboutmaking asmuch beautifulart as possible,and weshould giveeverybody the opportunity todo that.^^

2.What isparagraph4intended todo A.Summarize theprevious paragraphs.B.Add some background information.C.Introduce a new topicfor discussion.D.Provide someadvice forpianists.【答案】

2.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了为了给钢琴专业的学生提供公平的竞争环境，一位教授引入了更小的钢琴琴键，文章介绍了不同的人对此的不同看法和态度

2.推理判断题根据第四段For decades,few questionedthe sizeof thetraditional piano.For thosewith smallhand spans,its difficultto properlyplaymanyworks ofBeethovenandBrahms.Those whoattempt toplay themeither getusedtoskipping notesor riskinjury withrepeated play.Leone isfamiliar withsuch challenges.Born intoa familyof musicians,she favoredclassical musicand pursuedpiano despiteher smallhand span,and earneda degreeas adoctor inmusical arts.^^（几十年来，很少有人质疑传统钢琴的尺寸对于那些手跨度较小的人来说，很难正确演奏贝多芬和勃拉姆斯的许多作品那些试图演奏它们的人要么习惯于跳过音符，要么冒着反复演奏而受伤的风险塞拉利昂熟悉这些挑战她出生于一个音乐世家，喜欢古典音乐，尽管手的跨度很小，但她还是喜欢钢琴，并获得了音乐艺术博士学位）可知，第四段的目的是添加一些关于（手跨度小，难以完成曲目）背景信息故选B

2.【江苏省徐州市2021-2022学年高三上学期期中抽测】If youveseen thetimeless childhoodclassic TheLion King,you shouldrecall Simbaand Nalasadventure pastthe PrideLands andinto theforbidden elephantgraveyard.This strangeand mysteriousplace,piled withelephant bones,is onlya myth.However,all mythsare steepedin truth.Are theynot According to fairy tale,this isa mythicalplace whereolder orill elephantsinstinctively goin anticipationof theirdeath-alone,far from the elephantgroups andnot slowingdown theprogress ofthose thatremain behind.Yet,is thereany chancethat oneof thesesecret placescould bereal Noone hasever found one,but according to someexperts onelephant behaviour,its notunthinkable thatsuch a place couldexist.Realistically,elephants coulddie massivelyin oneplace forany numberof reasons.Natural disasterssuch aslightning strikes,localized flooding,or food（water）-shortages drivestarving elephantsto gatherin placeswhere findingfoodiseasier.These animalsare alreadyfragile andmany of them maydie inthe samearea.But,does thatmean that the consciouspractice ofelephant graveyards^bytheanimals ispurely mythicalPerhaps not.Researchers from the UKhave recentlyproved thatelephants showstrong interestand emotionif theycome acrossthe remainsof otherelephants.Their behaviorsuggests that they recognizetheir mostclose relatives.Whole familiescan spendhours oreven daysattending thebones ofa herdmember.Few speciesother thanhumans demonstratethe sametype ofawareness indeath of their ownkind.Chimpanzees havebeen known to obeycertain rituals（仪式）around their dead andwill onlyabandon abody ofa relativeonce itbegins todecompose.Lions havealso beenknowntoshow emotionsto deadfamily membersby sniffingor lickingthe bodyprior todevouring（吞食）it.This idealends anotherorigin ofthe elephantgraveyard:aplace where elephantsgather tomourn thebones oftheirdead.

8.The authormentions TheLion Kinginthebeginning toA.introduce thetopic B,provide examplesC.recall childhoodmemories D.recommendafilm

11.What doestheauthorwant toprove bythe examplesof chimpanzeesand lionsA.They areaware ofdeath.B,They followsome rituals.C.They recognizetheir relatives.D.They areinterested inthe remains.【答案】

8.All.A【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要从讨论大象神秘地带开始，引入了对于动物是否意识到死亡这个问题的探讨

8.推理判断题根据第一段“This strangeand mysteriousplace,piled withelephant bones,is onlya myth.However,all mythsare steepedin truth.Are theynot（这个堆积着许多大象骨的奇怪和神秘的地方仅仅是一个神话然而,所有的神话都是真的它们不是吗？）”以及第二段“Accordingtofairytale,this isa mythicalplacewhereolder orill elephantsinstinctively goin anticipationoftheirdeath-alone,far fromthe elephantgroups andnot slowingdowntheprogress ofthose thatremain behind.（根据神话故事，这里有一个神秘的地带，在这里年长或生病的大象本能地独自去面对它们的死亡，远离其他象群并没有减缓那些后面的大象的前进厂可知，介绍狮子王这部电影主要是介绍作品出现的神秘地带，进而引发相关的讨论，可见目的是引入话题故选Ao

11.推理判断题根据最后――段“Few speciesother thanhumans demonstratethe sametype ofawareness indeath oftheir ownkind.（除了人类以外，很少有其他物种在自己同类的死亡中表现出同样的意识广以及接下来对黑猩猩和狮子的描述可知，举例就是为了论证动物能意识到死亡故选A

3.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三摸底】Researchers havebeen lookinginto silicon carbide（碳化硅）,a promisingalternative materialfor thesemiconductor（半导体）industry,for severalyears now.Size,weight andefficiency arethree importantfactors forpower electronicto fitin e-cars.Silion carbidemeets allthree factors.It ismore efficientbut leavesa smallerfootprint thanconventional semiconductorssuch assilicon.Even so,silicon carbideisnt tobe foundin anye-cars on the roadtoday.This semiconductor material isstill limitedto researchlabs.To shiftit fromthe labto thefactory,the Sion CarbideModule（模块）project hastaken intoconsideration all the conditionsof industrialproduction.The modulesdesign isa goodcase:researchers at the Fraunhofer IZM arebasing itonthestructure ofthe classicprinted circuitboard thatthe industryhas longfavored.This shouldspeed upits firstdisplay.The moduleis alsobenefiting fromthe latestscientific advances.Instead ofwire-bonding thesemiconductor tothe package,the researchersdecided toput itdirectly inthe circuit.The teamalso broughtthe potentialcustomer onboard forthis developmenteffort.In theproject5s firstyear,they drewup aspecification（规格）sheet illustratingthe requirementsfor themodule andsemiconductor.The researchersworked closelywith users,catering totheir wisheswhen theydetermined theproduct specification.Automakers,component suppliersand OEMSwere directlyinvolved inthe effortto mapout thepower-electronic modulessize,layout andelectrical circuits.The groupsought tomake themostofthe spaceavailable inthe vehiclespower train.Lars Bottcher,group leaderattheFraunhofer IZMand headoftheSiC sub-project,saysJThe major goal is to advance the new semiconductormaterial siliconcarbide to mass production.

14.What wasthe mainpurposeofthe groupaccordingtothelastparagraph A.To mass-produce siliconcarbide.B.To changethe shapeofthemodule.C,To increasethe volumeofthemodule.D.To expand the productionof poweredvehicles.【答案】

14.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新型的硅碳化合物用于传统的半导体产业的相关情况

14.细节理解题根据最后一段关键句Lars Bottcher,group leaderattheFraunhofer IZMand headoftheSiC sub-project,says,n Themajorgoalistoadvancethenewsemiconductormaterialsiliconcarbidetomassproduction.,r,（FraunhoferIZM的组长、碳化硅子项目负责人Lars Bottcher说:“主要目标是将新型半导体材料碳化硅推向量产可知，这个团队的主要目的是想量产碳化硅故选A项

4.【2022届江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】From Alton Towers toLegoland,our expertspick theirfavorite Britishtheme parks,highlighting thebest rollercoasters,character-led attractions,and animalsafaris（狩猎旅行）.Drayton ManorThe Staffordshiretheme parkincludes ridesfor allages butstands outfor havinghit ona winningformula foryoung families with itsexpanding ThomasLand section.The286-acre siteis set in woodlandsbut themain villageis enoughfor littlelegs toexplore,making itwell suitedto pre-and primaryschool children.Paultons FamilyTheme ParkOn theedge ofNew ForestNational Park,in Hampshire,Paultons FamilyTheme Parksits in140acres ofattractive parkland.Although overshadowedby ThorpePark andAlton Towersin termsof bigrides,the parkis home to PeppaPig World,as wellas60rides andattractions,and isbest forfamilies withyoung children.Chessington Worldof AdventuresThis parkin Surreyhas injectednovelty（iff奇）this yearwith thelaunch ofits exclusiveGruffalo RiverRide Adventure,raising itsstatus asa family-friendly destination.The parkalso providesadded familyvalue withtheopportunitytogeta close-up interactionwith animalsincluding monkeywalk-throughs andthe Zufarisafari experience.Legoland WindsorIf you9re lookingfor stomach-in-the-mouth rollercoasters,Legoland isnot foryou.This isthe entry-level themepark forfamilieswithkids belowthe ageof12,with bucket-loads tokeep themhappy.Now in its thirddecade,setinlovely grounds,the themepark stillhas someofthecharm ofthe originalDanish parentpark,with plentyof giraffes,crocodiles andpirates madeout ofLego bricksspread overthe rides.

23.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thepassage A.To promoteecotourism.B.To valuefamily union.C.To introducetheme parks.D.To comparetourist attractions.【答案】

23.C【解析】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了四个英国的主题公园以及它们各自的特色

23.推理判断题根据文章内容及第一段关键句From AltonTowers toLegoland,our expertspick theirfavorite Britishtheme parks”（从AltonTowers到Legoland,我们的专家们挑选出他们最喜欢的英国主题公园）可知,本文主要介绍了四个英国的主题公园以及它们各自的特色由此可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍主题公园故选C项

5.【湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡

2021.2022学年高三下学期3月调研】When Iwas younger,I alwaysknew myparents hadtrouble withmoney.We wouldgo toyard salesallthetime,buy everydaysupplies andwork at and eatatasoup kitchen4nights aweek.One day,a newman walked into the soup kitchenand askedme whatmy namewas.As Itold himmy namewas Angela,my momhanded methesoupladle andhair netto startwork.After that,I couldntfind thestrange managain.I searchedeverywhere andeven askedothers inthe kitchenif theyhad seenhim.My momthought Iwas goingcrazy,saying therewas noone withme whenshe cameto me.She saidI hadbeen sittingalone and that itseemed Iwas talkingto myself.Later thatnight,my momwas crying.I askedher whyand shetold methe renton ourapartment hadgone upandthatmy grandmahad died.She didntknow howshe wasgoing topay fbrthe funeralandtherent.I promisedher Iwould helppick upsmall itemsafter shemade asmuch moneyaspossible.Once wegot intothe apartmentbuilding,she askedmetograb the mail inthemailroom.I wentand onlyfoundonesingle envelope.A familiarman calledmebacksaying Iprobably leftsomething inour mailbox.I reachedin andpulled outa hugemanila envelopethat lookedbulky,but Icouldnt tellwhat wasinit.I broughtthe envelopesup to my mom.She openedthefirstone andfound ourfirst superexpensive rentbill.She thenwalkedintoher room,saying shecouldnt handleto openthe otherone.I lookedatthesecond envelopeand sawthis:Dear Angelaand Family.Love,Your Friend.My momripped theenvelope open,tears streamingdown herface.She emptiedthe contentsonto the bed.I broughta handto myface,wiping awaymultiple tears.There onthebedwere countlesschecks,all addressedtomymom.I hada feelingthat Iknew whohad sentit,but didntwant totell mymom-my friendfromthesoup kitchen.B.What isthe authorspurpose inwriting thispassage A.To remembera friend.C.To introduceanewmovie.D.To sharean interestingexperience.E.To showhis gratitudetoastranger.【答案】

7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文，描述了作者小时候家境贫穷，经常在施舍处解决吃饭问题一天，母亲付不起房租，祖母去世，却遇到了陌生的好心人帮助的故事

7.推理判断题本文作者描述了这位陌生男子在其家庭陷入经济困难时，所做出的帮助，同时根据最后一段“I hada feelingthat Iknew whohad sentit,but didntwant totell mymom-my friendfromthesoup kitchen「（我感觉我好像知道是谁赠送的这笔钱，但不想告诉母亲，那就是施舍处的一位朋友）作者把这位男士当做自己的朋友，由此可知，他写这篇文章的目的是为了感谢他故选D项。