GB/T 5450-1997 Bituminous coal Oerlikon dilatometer test

This standard specifies the test method for the Oerlikon dilatometer test of bituminous coal. This standard applies to bituminous coal. GB/T 5450-1997 Oerlikon dilatometer test of bituminous coal GB/T5450-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS 73.040
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T5450—1997
Audibert-Arnu dilatometer test of bituminous coal
Audibert-Arnu dilatometer test of bituminous coalPublished on April 17, 1997
National Technical Supervision Bureau
Implemented on October 1, 1997
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Audibert-Arnu dilatometer test of bituminous coal
GB/T 5450—1997
Published by China Standards Press
No.16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 68522112
Published by China Standards Press Printed in Qinhuangdao Printing House, Guangzhou Printing House, Xinhua Bookstore, Beijing Distribution Office Distributed by Xinhua Bookstores in all regions Copyright reserved, no reproduction allowed
Format 880×12301/16 Printing sheet 1 Number of words 25,000 words First edition in October 1997 First printing in October 1997 Number of copies 1—600
Book number: 155066·1-14088 Price RMB 10.00x
Heading 319—046
GB/T 5450---1997
This standard is revised according to the international standard ISO349-1975 Hard Coal-Oya Swelling Test and GB48.3--87 Coal Analysis Test Methods. It is equivalent to ISO349 in technical content. According to the provisions of GB/T1.1-1993 and GB483-87, this revision does not change the main technical content of GB/T5450-85, standardizes the format of the standard, modifies the relevant terms, units, symbols, and adds a preface to make the revised standard more reasonable and in line with ISO).
This standard replaces GB/T 5450---85 from the date of entry into force. Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard.
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Coal Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Coal Standardization Technical Committee. This standard was drafted by: Beijing Coal Chemistry Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and Anshan Thermal Energy Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are: An Fenggang, Yu Jinglian and Deng Xiumin. This standard is entrusted to Beijing Coal Chemistry Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute for interpretation. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Audibert-Arnudilatometer test of bituminous coal
Audibert-Arnudilatometer test of bituminous coal This standard specifies the test method for the Audibert-Arnudilatometer test of bituminous coal. This standard applies to bituminous coal.
2 Referenced standards
GB/T 5450-1997
Replaces GB5450-85
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard by reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB474—1996 Preparation method of coal sample
3 Method summary and terminology
3.1 Method summary
The test coal sample is made into a coal pencil of certain specifications according to the prescribed method, placed in a tube (expansion tube) of standard diameter, and a steel rod (expansion rod) that can slide freely in the tube is placed on it. The above device is placed in a special electric furnace, heated at a prescribed heating rate, and the displacement curve of the expansion rod is recorded. The maximum distance of the displacement curve is expressed as a percentage of the original length of the coal pencil to indicate the size of the coal sample expansion degree (6). Figure 1 is a typical expansion curve.
%+Xiangcha
Temperature,
3.2 Terminology
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.2.1 Softening temperature (T,)
The temperature when the expansion rod drops 0.5mm.
3.2.2 Beginning expansion temperature (T.)
The temperature when the expansion rod starts to rise after dropping to the lowest point. 3.2.3 Curing temperature (T)
The temperature when the expansion rod stops moving.
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on April 17, 1997 and implemented on October 1, 1997
3.2.4 Maximum shrinkage (a)
CB/T5450—1997
The maximum distance of the expansion rod dropping as a percentage of the length of the coal pencil. 3.2.5 Maximum expansion degree (6)
The maximum distance of expansion rod rising as a percentage of the length of coal pen 4 Instruments and equipment
4.1 Test recording equipment
4.1.1 Expansion tube and expansion rod (Figure 2): The expansion tube is made of cold-drawn seamless stainless steel tube, and its bottom is equipped with a gas-tight wire plug. The expansion rod is made of stainless steel round steel. The total mass of the expansion rod and the recording pen should be adjusted to (150±5)g. 10.05
Expansion sheet
Instant expansion support
Mass (including recording pen) 150±5g
Figure 2 Expansion tube and expansion rod
4.1.2 Electric furnace (Figure 3): The electric furnace consists of an outer shell with a base and a metal furnace core. The furnace core is made of an oxidation-resistant aluminum bronze metal block, on which mica is wrapped, and then electric furnace wire is wound, and the outside of the furnace wire is wrapped with mica. There are two round holes with a diameter of 15 mm and a depth of 350 mm on the metal block for inserting the expansion tube. There is another round hole with a diameter of 8 mm and a depth of 320 mm for placing the thermocouple. The space between the furnace core and the outer pot is filled with insulation material. The power of the electric furnace should not be less than 1.5kW to meet the requirement that the heating rate within the range of 300~～550℃ is not less than 5℃/min. The operating temperature of the electric furnace is 0~600℃. #140
Drilling position
1—Aluminum bronze block; 2—Mica layer; 3—Electric furnace wire; 4—Insulation material; 5 Shell 16 Electric furnace base 7 Electric furnace top cover
Figure 3 Electric furnace
Number of turns of electric furnace wire (from top to bottom):
No furnace wire in the first 10mm
20 turns for the next 50mm
52 turns for the next 300mm Use nickel-chromium wire with a diameter of 0.9~1. 0mm, 10 turns for the next 30mm
No furnace wire in the last 10mm
The temperature field of the electric furnace must be uniform: From the bottom of the expansion tube to the top of 180mm, the average temperature difference in the section should meet the following requirements
0~120 mm section
120~180mm-section
±3℃,
±5℃
4.1.3 Program temperature controller and automatic recording device: When the heating rate is 3℃/min, the temperature control accuracy should meet the requirement of temperature rise (15+1)℃ within 5min. Potentiometer (0.5 grade) and voltage regulator can also be used. The potentiometer has an accuracy of 0.5 grade. The range is 0～24.902mV, and the voltage regulating capacity is 3kVA4.1.4 Recording drum: The peripheral speed should be 1mm/min. 4.2 Equipment for preparing coal pencils
4.2.1 Forming die and its accessories (Figure 4): smooth inside, with funnel and die seat 91
$20)..c.c1
Chengzhou die
GB/T 5450—1997
46.0±0.02
Figure 4 Forming die and its accessories
4.2.2 Gauge (Figure 5), used to check the size of the die. al
4.2.3 Cheng-type striker (Figure 6).
Control line
Figure 5 Gauge
#2:101
Mold pad
GB/T5450
Strike support
One mold pad?2-Forming mold: 3-Funnel: 1-Strike guide plate; 5-Strike rod; 6-Guide column; 7-Key block; 8-Eliminating wheel
Figure 6 Forming striker and accessories
4.2.4 Demoulding press and its accessories (Figures 7 and 8). 2—6
GB/T5450-1997
170×50
rainbow 12. Hole
1 base 2 extension plate; 3 pillar; 4 support plate + 5 upper cover; 6 pad; 7-screw; 8-handle; 9-screw; 10-coal pencil demoulding simplified assembly diagram Note: ① Use 4 MI2 screws to fix the equipment on the operating table. ② Each connection screw control must be tightened and firm. ③ The center of the drawing position number 2 and the drawing position number 5 must be aligned, otherwise it may crush a part of the demoulding part during demoulding. Figure? Demolding pressure device
4.2.5 Sample cutter (Figure 9)
4.3 Auxiliary tools
Mold ejection guide
GB/T 5450--1997
Sample pipe
Figure 8: Accessories of demoulding pressure device
Sample cutter
Mold ejection piston
GB/T5450-1997
4.3.1 Expansion tube cleaning upper tool: It is composed of a metal rod with a diameter of about 6mm and a shaped end, a copper wire mesh brush and a cloth brush. It is used to dig out the semi-coke from the expansion tube. The copper wire mesh system is composed of an 80-day copper wire mesh wound on a metal rod with a diameter of 6mm, which is used to wipe off the coke adhered to the tube wall. The cloth is composed of a proper amount of gauze tied to a metal wire. The total length of each cleaning tool should not be less than 400mm. 4.3.2 Forming mold cleaning lower tool: It is composed of a war tube and a cloth brush. The diameter of the test tube brush is 20-25 mm. The brush is made of a piece of gauze with a length of about 150 mm. 4.3.3 Wax coating: a metal rod with a size that matches the forming mold. 4.3.4 Tray balance: maximum weighing 500g, sensitivity 0.5g 4.3-5 alcohol lamp,
4.4 Calibration and inspection of instruments
4.4.1 Calibration of furnace hole temperature:
Calibration is carried out by comparing the temperature in the expansion tube of each hole with the temperature of the temperature measuring hole. At the hole temperature speed specified in the test, the hot junction of the thermocouple in the expansion tube hole is in contact with the tube wall 30 mm above the bottom of the tube, and then the temperature difference between the temperature measuring hole and the expansion tube is measured. The temperature read during the test is corrected according to the difference. 4.4.2 Inspection of the temperature field of the electric furnace:
In the temperature measuring hole and the expansion tube of the electric furnace, place a thermocouple, and heat it at a heating rate of 5℃/min. Record the difference between the two thermocouples every 5 minutes in the range of 400～550℃. The location of the thermocouple in the expansion tube should be within the total length of 180mm tool from the bottom of the expansion tube, and at least 0mm60mm, 120mlIL, and 180mm should be measured. Calculate the average value of the difference between the two thermocouples at each point. The difference between the average values ​​of each point should meet the requirements of Article 4.7.2.
4.4.3 Inspection of the molding die:
The wear condition of the die used in the gauge inspection test can also be used to inspect the new die. If the gauge is inserted from the mouth end of the mold to be inspected, it can be observed that: a) there are two lines, the mold is too small and should be reprocessed; b) there is one line: the mold is suitable for use; c) there is no line, the mold is worn and should be replaced. 4.4.4 Inspection of expansion tube:
Compare the expansion tube and expansion rod that have been measured 10 times with the results of the first coal sample measured by the new expansion tube and expansion rod. If the average value is greater than 3.5 (regardless of the positive or negative sign), discard the old tube and rod (Standard Appendix A). If the expansion tube is still applicable, recheck it every 50 measurements thereafter. 5 Preparation and storage of samples
5.1 According to GB474, crush the 3mm air-dried coal sample to pass through a 0.2mm sieve. During preparation, the particle size composition of the sample should be controlled to meet the following requirements:
0.20 mm; 100%
0.10mm: 70~85%
0. 06 mm; 55~~70%
Too tight or too coarse coal particles will affect the test results. 5.2 Since the oxidation of coal has a great influence on the test results of expansion, the sample must be properly stored to minimize contact with air. It should generally be placed in a glass bottle with a ground mouth and placed in a cool place. The test should be completed within 3 days after sample preparation. If it cannot be completed within 3 days, the sample should be stored in a vacuum desiccator or nitrogen or the coal sample bottle should be sealed and stored in a refrigerator for no more than one week, otherwise it will be used. 6 Test steps
6.1 Preparation of coal pencil
Clean the forming mold (4.2.1) with a cloth brush, and apply a thin layer of wax on the inner wall of the forming mold with a wax stick (4.3.3). Weigh the prepared sample 8
GB/T 5450—1997
4, place it in a small evaporating liquid, moisten the sample with 0.4mL of water, mix it quickly, and prevent bubbles from existing. Then place the small-caliber end of the mold downward on the mold base (Figure 4), and put the funnel Figure 4 on the large end. Use a horn spoon to push the sample down along the edge of the funnel until the mold is filled, scrape the remaining sample back into the dish, press the striking guide plate horizontally on the funnel, and use the striking rod (4.2.3) to compact the sample in the vertical direction (to prevent the sample from splashing or getting stuck on the striking rod).
Put the whole set of forming mold under the striker (4.2.3), strike 4 times with the long striking rod first, then add the sample and strike 4 times again, use the long, medium and short striking rods 2 times each (4 times each, a total of 24 times). Remove the striking guide and funnel, take down the forming mold, put the ejection guide (Figure 8) on the corresponding small-caliber end of the mold, put the connection piece (Figure 8) on the other end of the mold, and then insert the ejection spring into the ejection guide. Then put the whole set of equipment in the demoulding pressure device (4.2.4), and use the pressure device to push the coal pencil into the sample receiving tube. If it is difficult to push out, the ejection piston must be taken out and wiped clean. When the coal pencil cannot be pushed out, the coal sample in the mold must be dug out with aluminum wire or copper wire, and the sample must be weighed again to prepare the coal pencil (to avoid coal that is difficult to demold, the amount of water should be appropriately increased). The sample tube containing the coal pencil is placed in the sample cutter slot (4.2.5), and the coal pencil in it is gently pushed into the coal pencil holder of the sample cutter with a striking rod. A fixing plate is inserted in the middle of the sample cutter so that the thin end of the coal pencil is close to it, and the coal pencil that extends out of the coal pencil slot (i.e. the part with a length greater than 60mm) is cut off with a blade. The length of the coal pencil should be adjusted to (60±0.25) mm. The prepared coal pencil is gently pushed into the expansion tube from the lower end of the expansion tube (with the small end facing up), and then the expansion rod is slowly inserted into the expansion tube. When the maximum expansion degree of the sample exceeds 300%, it is changed to a half-pen test, that is, a 60mm long coal pencil is cut off 15mm from both ends, leaving the middle 30mm for the test.
6.2 Determination of expansion degree
Preheat the electric furnace to a certain temperature. The preheat temperature may vary according to the size of the volatile matter of the sample, as shown in Table 1: Table 1
Equilibrium temperature, ℃
Put the expansion tube with the coal pen into the hole of the electric furnace, and then fix the recording pen on the top of the expansion rod, and make the recording pen tip contact with the recording paper on the rotary table. Adjust the current so that the furnace temperature returns to the temperature when entering the furnace within 7 minutes. Then heat up at a rate of 3℃/min. The heating rate must be strictly controlled to meet the requirement of temperature rise of (15±1)℃ every 5tmin, and record the temperature every 5min. After the sample begins to solidify (the expansion rod stops moving), continue heating for 5min, and then stop heating. And immediately take the expansion tube and expansion rod out of the furnace: put them vertically on the shelf (not flat to avoid deformation of the expansion tube and expansion rod). 6.3 Cleaning of expansion tube and expansion rod
6.3.1 Expansion tube
Remove the plug at the bottom of the arm, use a metal rod with an axe-shaped head to remove the semi-coke in the tube, then use a copper wire mesh brush to remove the semi-coke powder remaining in the tube, and then use a cloth brush to wipe it clean until the inner wall is smooth and bright. If the tube is not easy to clean, fill the tube with crude benzene or other appropriate solvents, soak it for several hours, and then wipe it clean.
6.3.2 Expansion rod
Use fine sandpaper to wipe off the tar residue adhering to the expansion rod, and be careful not to round the edges and corners. Finally, check whether the expansion rod can slide freely in the expansion tube.
7 Expression of results
According to the recorded curve (Figure 10), calculate the following five basic parameters:2 Inspection of the temperature field of the electric furnace:
In the temperature measuring hole and the expansion tube of the electric furnace, place a thermocouple, and heat it at a heating rate of 5℃/min. Record the difference between the two thermocouples every 5 minutes in the range of 400～550℃. The location of the thermocouple in the expansion tube should be within the total length of 180mm tool from the bottom of the expansion tube, and at least 0mm60mm, 120mlIL, and 180mm should be measured. Calculate the average value of the difference between the two thermocouples at each point, and the difference between the average values ​​between each point should comply with the provisions of Article 4.7.2.
4.4.3 Inspection of the molding die:
The wear condition of the mold used in the gauge inspection test can also be used to inspect the new mold. If the gauge is inserted from the mouth end of the mold to be inspected, it can be observed that: a) there are two lines, the mold is too small and should be reprocessed; b) there is one line: the mold is suitable for use; c) there is no line, the mold is worn and should be replaced. 4.4.4 Inspection of expansion tube:
Compare the expansion tube and expansion rod that have been measured 10 times with the results of the first coal sample measured by the new expansion tube and expansion rod. If the average value is greater than 3.5 (regardless of the positive or negative sign), discard the old tube and rod (Standard Appendix A). If the expansion tube is still applicable, recheck it every 50 measurements thereafter. 5 Preparation and storage of samples
5.1 According to GB474, crush the 3mm air-dried coal sample to pass through a 0.2mm sieve. During preparation, the particle size composition of the sample should be controlled to meet the following requirements:
0.20 mm; 100%
0.10mm: 70~85%
0. 06 mm; 55~~70%
Too tight or too coarse coal particles will affect the test results. 5.2 Since the oxidation of coal has a great influence on the test results of expansion, the sample must be properly stored to minimize contact with air. It should generally be placed in a glass bottle with a ground mouth and placed in a cool place. The test should be completed within 3 days after sample preparation. If it cannot be completed within 3 days, the sample should be stored in a vacuum desiccator or nitrogen or the coal sample bottle should be sealed and stored in a refrigerator for no more than one week, otherwise it will be used. 6 Test steps
6.1 Preparation of coal pencil
Clean the forming mold (4.2.1) with a cloth brush, and apply a thin layer of wax on the inner wall of the forming mold with a wax stick (4.3.3). Weigh the prepared sample 8
GB/T 5450—1997
4, place it in a small evaporating liquid, moisten the sample with 0.4mL of water, mix it quickly, and prevent bubbles from existing. Then place the small-caliber end of the mold downward on the mold base (Figure 4), and put the funnel Figure 4 on the large end. Use a horn spoon to push the sample down along the edge of the funnel until the mold is filled, scrape the remaining sample back into the dish, press the striking guide plate horizontally on the funnel, and use the striking rod (4.2.3) to compact the sample in the vertical direction (to prevent the sample from splashing or getting stuck on the striking rod).
Put the whole set of forming mold under the striker (4.2.3), strike 4 times with the long striking rod first, then add the sample and strike 4 times again, use the long, medium and short striking rods 2 times each (4 times each, a total of 24 times). Remove the striking guide and funnel, take down the forming mold, put the ejection guide (Figure 8) on the corresponding small-caliber end of the mold, put the connection piece (Figure 8) on the other end of the mold, and then insert the ejection spring into the ejection guide. Then put the whole set of equipment in the demoulding pressure device (4.2.4), and use the pressure device to push the coal pencil into the sample receiving tube. If it is difficult to push out, the ejection piston must be taken out and wiped clean. When the coal pencil cannot be pushed out, the coal sample in the mold must be dug out with aluminum wire or copper wire, and the sample must be weighed again to prepare the coal pencil (to avoid coal that is difficult to demold, the amount of water should be appropriately increased). The sample tube containing the coal pencil is placed in the sample cutter slot (4.2.5), and the coal pencil in it is gently pushed into the coal pencil holder of the sample cutter with a striking rod. A fixing plate is inserted in the middle of the sample cutter so that the thin end of the coal pencil is close to it, and the coal pencil that extends out of the coal pencil slot (i.e. the part with a length greater than 60mm) is cut off with a blade. The length of the coal pencil should be adjusted to (60±0.25) mm. The prepared coal pencil is gently pushed into the expansion tube from the lower end of the expansion tube (with the small end facing up), and then the expansion rod is slowly inserted into the expansion tube. When the maximum expansion degree of the sample exceeds 300%, it is changed to a half-pen test, that is, a 60mm long coal pencil is cut off 15mm from both ends, leaving the middle 30mm for the test.
6.2 Determination of expansion degree
Preheat the electric furnace to a certain temperature. The preheat temperature may vary according to the size of the volatile matter of the sample, as shown in Table 1: Table 1
Equilibrium temperature, ℃
Put the expansion tube with the coal pen into the hole of the electric furnace, and then fix the recording pen on the top of the expansion rod, and make the recording pen tip contact with the recording paper on the rotary table. Adjust the current so that the furnace temperature returns to the temperature when entering the furnace within 7 minutes. Then heat up at a rate of 3℃/min. The heating rate must be strictly controlled to meet the requirement of temperature rise of (15±1)℃ every 5tmin, and record the temperature every 5min. After the sample begins to solidify (the expansion rod stops moving), continue heating for 5min, and then stop heating. And immediately take the expansion tube and expansion rod out of the furnace: put them vertically on the shelf (not flat to avoid deformation of the expansion tube and expansion rod). 6.3 Cleaning of expansion tube and expansion rod
6.3.1 Expansion tube
Remove the plug at the bottom of the arm, use a metal rod with an axe-shaped head to remove the semi-coke in the tube, then use a copper wire mesh brush to remove the semi-coke powder remaining in the tube, and then use a cloth brush to wipe it clean until the inner wall is smooth and bright. If the tube is not easy to clean, fill the tube with crude benzene or other appropriate solvents, soak it for several hours, and then wipe it clean.
6.3.2 Expansion rod
Use fine sandpaper to wipe off the tar residue adhering to the expansion rod, and be careful not to round the edges and corners. Finally, check whether the expansion rod can slide freely in the expansion tube.
7 Expression of results
According to the recorded curve (Figure 10), calculate the following five basic parameters:2 Inspection of the temperature field of the electric furnace:
In the temperature measuring hole and the expansion tube of the electric furnace, place a thermocouple, and heat it at a heating rate of 5℃/min. Record the difference between the two thermocouples every 5 minutes in the range of 400～550℃. The location of the thermocouple in the expansion tube should be within the total length of 180mm tool from the bottom of the expansion tube, and at least 0mm60mm, 120mlIL, and 180mm should be measured. Calculate the average value of the difference between the two thermocouples at each point, and the difference between the average values ​​between each point should comply with the provisions of Article 4.7.2.
4.4.3 Inspection of the molding die:
The wear condition of the mold used in the gauge inspection test can also be used to inspect the new mold. If the gauge is inserted from the mouth end of the mold to be inspected, it can be observed that: a) there are two lines, the mold is too small and should be reprocessed; b) there is one line: the mold is suitable for use; c) there is no line, the mold is worn and should be replaced. 4.4.4 Inspection of expansion tube:
Compare the expansion tube and expansion rod that have been measured 10 times with the results of the first coal sample measured by the new expansion tube and expansion rod. If the average value is greater than 3.5 (regardless of the positive or negative sign), discard the old tube and rod (Standard Appendix A). If the expansion tube is still applicable, recheck it every 50 measurements thereafter. 5 Preparation and storage of samples
5.1 According to GB474, crush the 3mm air-dried coal sample to pass through a 0.2mm sieve. During preparation, the particle size composition of the sample should be controlled to meet the following requirements:
0.20 mm; 100%
0.10mm: 70~85%
0. 06 mm; 55~~70%
Too tight or too coarse coal particles will affect the test results. 5.2 Since the oxidation of coal has a great influence on the test results of expansion, the sample must be properly stored to minimize contact with air. It should generally be placed in a glass bottle with a ground mouth and placed in a cool place. The test should be completed within 3 days after sample preparation. If it cannot be completed within 3 days, the sample should be stored in a vacuum desiccator or nitrogen or the coal sample bottle should be sealed and stored in a refrigerator for no more than one week, otherwise it will be used. 6 Test steps
6.1 Preparation of coal pencil
Clean the forming mold (4.2.1) with a cloth brush, and apply a thin layer of wax on the inner wall of the forming mold with a wax stick (4.3.3). Weigh the prepared sample 8
GB/T 5450—1997
4, place it in a small evaporating liquid, moisten the sample with 0.4mL of water, mix it quickly, and prevent bubbles from existing. Then place the small-caliber end of the mold downward on the mold base (Figure 4), and put the funnel Figure 4 on the large end. Use a horn spoon to push the sample down along the edge of the funnel until the mold is filled, scrape the remaining sample back into the dish, press the striking guide plate horizontally on the funnel, and use the striking rod (4.2.3) to compact the sample in the vertical direction (to prevent the sample from splashing or getting stuck on the striking rod).
Put the whole set of forming mold under the striker (4.2.3), strike 4 times with the long striking rod first, then add the sample and strike 4 times again, use the long, medium and short striking rods 2 times each (4 times each, a total of 24 times). Remove the striking guide and funnel, take down the forming mold, put the ejection guide (Figure 8) on the corresponding small-caliber end of the mold, put the connection piece (Figure 8) on the other end of the mold, and then insert the ejection spring into the ejection guide. Then put the whole set of equipment in the demoulding pressure device (4.2.4), and use the pressure device to push the coal pencil into the sample receiving tube. If it is difficult to push out, the ejection piston must be taken out and wiped clean. When the coal pencil cannot be pushed out, the coal sample in the mold must be dug out with aluminum wire or copper wire, and the sample must be weighed again to prepare the coal pencil (to avoid coal that is difficult to demold, the amount of water should be appropriately increased). The sample tube containing the coal pencil is placed in the sample cutter slot (4.2.5), and the coal pencil in it is gently pushed into the coal pencil holder of the sample cutter with a striking rod. A fixing plate is inserted in the middle of the sample cutter so that the thin end of the coal pencil is close to it, and the coal pencil that extends out of the coal pencil slot (i.e. the part with a length greater than 60mm) is cut off with a blade. The length of the coal pencil should be adjusted to (60±0.25) mm. The prepared coal pencil is gently pushed into the expansion tube from the lower end of the expansion tube (with the small end facing up), and then the expansion rod is slowly inserted into the expansion tube. When the maximum expansion degree of the sample exceeds 300%, it is changed to a half-pen test, that is, a 60mm long coal pencil is cut off 15mm from both ends, leaving the middle 30mm for the test. bzxz.net
6.2 Determination of expansion degree
Preheat the electric furnace to a certain temperature. The preheat temperature may vary according to the size of the volatile matter of the sample, as shown in Table 1: Table 1
Equilibrium temperature, ℃
Put the expansion tube with the coal pen into the hole of the electric furnace, and then fix the recording pen on the top of the expansion rod, and make the recording pen tip contact with the recording paper on the rotary table. Adjust the current so that the furnace temperature returns to the temperature when entering the furnace within 7 minutes. Then heat up at a rate of 3℃/min. The heating rate must be strictly controlled to meet the requirement of temperature rise of (15±1)℃ every 5tmin, and record the temperature every 5min. After the sample begins to solidify (the expansion rod stops moving), continue heating for 5min, and then stop heating. And immediately take the expansion tube and expansion rod out of the furnace: put them vertically on the shelf (not flat to avoid deformation of the expansion tube and expansion rod). 6.3 Cleaning of expansion tube and expansion rod
6.3.1 Expansion tube
Remove the plug at the bottom of the arm, use a metal rod with an axe-shaped head to remove the semi-coke in the tube, then use a copper wire mesh brush to remove the semi-coke powder remaining in the tube, and then use a cloth brush to wipe it clean until the inner wall is smooth and bright. If the tube is not easy to clean, fill the tube with crude benzene or other appropriate solvents, soak it for several hours, and then wipe it clean.
6.3.2 Expansion rod
Use fine sandpaper to wipe off the tar residue adhering to the expansion rod, and be careful not to round the edges and corners. Finally, check whether the expansion rod can slide freely in the expansion tube.
7 Expression of results
According to the recorded curve (Figure 10), calculate the following five basic parameters:3), first use the long striking rod to strike 4 times, then add the sample and strike 4 times again, and use the long, medium and short striking rods 2 times each (4 times each, a total of 24 times). Remove the striking guide and funnel, remove the forming mold, put the ejection guide (Figure 8) on the corresponding small-caliber end of the mold, put the connection piece (Figure 8) on the other end of the mold, and then insert the ejection guide. Then put the whole set of equipment in the demoulding pressure device (4.2.4), and use the pressure device to push the coal pencil into the sample tube. If it is difficult to push out, the ejection piston must be taken out and wiped clean. When the coal pencil cannot be pushed out, the coal sample in the mold must be dug out with aluminum wire or copper wire, and the sample must be weighed again to prepare the coal pencil (to avoid coal that is difficult to demold, the amount of water should be appropriately increased). The sample tube containing the coal pencil is placed in the sample cutter slot (4.2.5), and the coal pencil in it is gently pushed into the coal pencil holder of the sample cutter with a striking rod. A fixing plate is inserted in the middle of the sample cutter so that the thin end of the coal pencil is close to it, and the coal pencil that extends out of the coal pencil slot (i.e. the part with a length greater than 60mm) is cut off with a blade. The length of the coal pencil should be adjusted to (60±0.25) mm. The prepared coal pencil is gently pushed into the expansion tube from the lower end of the expansion tube (with the small end facing up), and then the expansion rod is slowly inserted into the expansion tube. When the maximum expansion degree of the sample exceeds 300%, it is changed to a half-pen test, that is, a 60mm long coal pencil is cut off 15mm from both ends, leaving the middle 30mm for the test.
6.2 Determination of expansion degree
Preheat the electric furnace to a certain temperature. The preheat temperature may vary according to the size of the volatile matter of the sample, as shown in Table 1: Table 1
Equilibrium temperature, ℃
Put the expansion tube with the coal pen into the hole of the electric furnace, and then fix the recording pen on the top of the expansion rod, and make the recording pen tip contact with the recording paper on the rotary table. Adjust the current so that the furnace temperature returns to the temperature when entering the furnace within 7 minutes. Then heat up at a rate of 3℃/min. The heating rate must be strictly controlled to meet the requirement of temperature rise of (15±1)℃ every 5tmin, and record the temperature every 5min. After the sample begins to solidify (the expansion rod stops moving), continue heating for 5min, and then stop heating. And immediately take the expansion tube and expansion rod out of the furnace: put them vertically on the shelf (not flat to avoid deformation of the expansion tube and expansion rod). 6.3 Cleaning of expansion tube and expansion rod
6.3.1 Expansion tube
Remove the plug at the bottom of the arm, use a metal rod with an axe-shaped head to remove the semi-coke in the tube, then use a copper wire mesh brush to remove the semi-coke powder remaining in the tube, and then use a cloth brush to wipe it clean until the inner wall is smooth and bright. If the tube is not easy to clean, fill the tube with crude benzene or other appropriate solvents, soak it for several hours, and then wipe it clean.
6.3.2 Expansion rod
Use fine sandpaper to wipe off the tar residue adhering to the expansion rod, and be careful not to round the edges and corners. Finally, check whether the expansion rod can slide freely in the expansion tube.
7 Expression of results
According to the recorded curve (Figure 10), calculate the following five basic parameters:3), first use the long striking rod to strike 4 times, then add the sample and strike 4 times again, and use the long, medium and short striking rods 2 times each (4 times each, a total of 24 times). Remove the striking guide and funnel, remove the forming mold, put the ejection guide (Figure 8) on the corresponding small-caliber end of the mold, put the connection piece (Figure 8) on the other end of the mold, and then insert the ejection guide. Then put the whole set of equipment in the demoulding pressure device (4.2.4), and use the pressure device to push the coal pencil into the sample tube. If it is difficult to push out, the ejection piston must be taken out and wiped clean. When the coal pencil cannot be pushed out, the coal sample in the mold must be dug out with aluminum wire or copper wire, and the sample must be weighed again to prepare the coal pencil (to avoid coal that is difficult to demold, the amount of water should be appropriately increased). The sample tube containing the coal pencil is placed in the sample cutter slot (4.2.5), and the coal pencil in it is gently pushed into the coal pencil holder of the sample cutter with a striking rod. A fixing plate is inserted in the middle of the sample cutter so that the thin end of the coal pencil is close to it, and the coal pencil that extends out of the coal pencil slot (i.e. the part with a length greater than 60mm) is cut off with a blade. The length of the coal pencil should be adjusted to (60±0.25) mm. The prepared coal pencil is gently pushed into the expansion tube from the lower end of the expansion tube (with the small end facing up), and then the expansion rod is slowly inserted into the expansion tube. When the maximum expansion degree of the sample exceeds 300%, it is changed to a half-pen test, that is, a 60mm long coal pencil is cut off 15mm from both ends, leaving the middle 30mm for the test.
6.2 Determination of expansion degree
Preheat the electric furnace to a certain temperature. The preheat temperature may vary according to the size of the volatile matter of the sample, as shown in Table 1: Table 1
Equilibrium temperature, ℃
Put the expansion tube with the coal pen into the hole of the electric furnace, and then fix the recording pen on the top of the expansion rod, and make the recording pen tip contact with the recording paper on the rotary table. Adjust the current so that the furnace temperature returns to the temperature when entering the furnace within 7 minutes. Then heat up at a rate of 3℃/min. The heating rate must be strictly controlled to meet the requirement of temperature rise of (15±1)℃ every 5tmin, and record the temperature every 5min. After the sample begins to solidify (the expansion rod stops moving), continue heating for 5min, and then stop heating. And immediately take the expansion tube and expansion rod out of the furnace: put them vertically on the shelf (not flat to avoid deformation of the expansion tube and expansion rod). 6.3 Cleaning of expansion tube and expansion rod
6.3.1 Expansion tube
Remove the plug at the bottom of the arm, use a metal rod with an axe-shaped head to remove the semi-coke in the tube, then use a copper wire mesh brush to remove the semi-coke powder remaining in the tube, and then use a cloth brush to wipe it clean until the inner wall is smooth and bright. If the tube is not easy to clean, fill the tube with crude benzene or other appropriate solvents, soak it for several hours, and then wipe it clean.
6.3.2 Expansion rod
Use fine sandpaper to wipe off the tar residue adhering to the expansion rod, and be careful not to round the edges and corners. Finally, check whether the expansion rod can slide freely in the expansion tube.
7 Expression of results
According to the recorded curve (Figure 10), calculate the following five basic parameters:
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