GB/T 5271.9-2001 Information technology vocabulary Part 9: Data communications

This standard is formulated to facilitate international communication in data communication. This standard provides the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. This standard defines concepts such as data communication, signals, data links, and data networks. GB/T 5271.9-2001 Information Technology Vocabulary Part 9: Data Communication GB/T5271.9-2001 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T 5271.9—2001
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO/IEC2382-9:1995 "Information Technology Vocabulary Part 9: Data Communication". This standard is a revision of the national standard GB/T5271.9—1986. According to the development and changes of information technology, 17 entries in the original standard have been removed, and 80 new terms and entries in information technology data communication have been added. The purpose of formulating information technology vocabulary standards is to facilitate international exchanges in information processing. It provides the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing, and clarifies the relationship between the terms and entries. This standard defines concepts related to data communication, signals, data links, data networks, etc.
The GB/T5271 series of standards consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". This standard is the 9th part of the GB/T5271 series of standards.
This standard replaces and abolishes the national standard GB/T5271.9—1986 from the date of implementation. This standard is under the jurisdiction of China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The drafting unit of this standard is China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Ying and Huang Jiaying. 239
GB/T5271.9—2001
ISO/IEC Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are specialized standardization organizations worldwide. National member bodies (which are members of ISO or IEC) participate in the formulation of international standards for specific technical scopes through various technical committees established by international organizations. The technical committees of ISO and IEC cooperate in areas of common interest. Other official and non-official international organizations in contact with ISO and IEC can also participate in the formulation of international standards. For information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, namely ISO/IEC JTC1. The draft international standards proposed by the joint technical committee are circulated to national member bodies for voting. At least 75% of the national member bodies participating in the voting must vote in favor of an international standard.
International Standard ISO/IEC 2382-9 was developed by the Vocabulary Subcommittee SC1 of the Joint Technical Committee of ISO/IEC JTC1 Information Technology. ISO/IEC 2382 consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". 240
1.1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Information Technology Vocabulary
Part 9: Data Communication
Information Technology--Vocabulary-Part 9: Data Communication
GB/T 5271. 9—2001
eqv ISO/1EC 2382-9:1995
Replaces GB/T 5271.9—1986
This standard is developed to facilitate international communication in the field of data communication. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. This standard defines concepts related to data communication, signals, data links, data networks, etc. 1.2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB1988—1998 Information technology Seven-bit coded character set for information exchange (eqvISO/IEC646:1991) GB/T2659-—2000 Codes for country and region names of the world (eqvISO3166-1:1997) GB/T 3453—-1994
Basic data communication control procedures (neqISO745:1975) GB/T7421-1987 Information processing system data communication High-level data link control procedures Category compilation
(idt ISO/IEC 7809:1984)
GB/T7496—1987
Information processing system data communication
High-level data link control procedures
Frame structure
(idt ISO/IEC 3309:1984)
GB/T 7575—1987
Data communication High-level data link control procedure Compilation of procedure elements
(idtISO/IEC4335:1984)
GB/T14733.1—1993 Telecommunications terminology Telecommunications, channels and networks (idtIEC701) GB/T15237.1—2000 Terminology Working vocabulary Part 1 Theory and application (eqvISO1087-1:2000) International telecommunication vocabulary (I EV):
Chapter 702 (1992): Vibration, signaling and related facilitiesChapter 704 (1992): Transmission
Chapter 721 (1991): Telegraphy and data communicationsCCITT Recommendation G.701 (1988)Digital transmission vocabulary and multiplexing and pulse code modulation (PCM) terminologyCCITT Blue Book Section 1.3 (1988)Terms and definitions1.3.1 Definitions of entries
Chapter 2 includes many entries. Each entry consists of several required elements, including an index number, a term or several synonyms, and a phrase that defines a concept. In addition, an entry may include examples, notes, or explanations to facilitate understanding of the concept. Sometimes the same term can be defined by different entries, or an entry can include two or more concepts, as explained in 1.3.5 and 1.3.8 respectively.
Other terms used in this standard, such as vocabulary, concepts, terms and definitions, have their meanings defined in GB/T 15237.1. Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on July 16, 2001 and implemented on March 1, 2002
1.3.2 Composition of terms
GB/T 5271.9--2001
Each term includes the necessary elements specified in 1.3.1 and may include additional elements if necessary. The entry includes the following elements in the following order:
a) index number;
b) the concept of the term in the language, if there is no preferred term, is indicated by a five-dot symbol (..·..); in a term, a row of dots is used to indicate a word selected for each specific instance; c) preferred term (indicated according to the rules of GB/T 2659); d) abbreviation of the term;
e) permitted synonymous terms;
f) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4);
g) one or more examples beginning with "Example"; h) one or more notes beginning with "Note" indicating the application field of the concept and indicating special instances; i) pictures, diagrams or tables common to the entries. 1.3.3 Classification of entries
Each part of this series of standards is assigned a serial number consisting of two digits, starting with 01 for "Basic terminology". The terms are grouped into groups, each of which is assigned a four-digit serial number, the first two digits indicating the part of the standard to which the group belongs.
Each term is assigned a six-digit index number, the first four digits indicating the standard part and group to which the term belongs. 1.3.4 Choice of terms and definitions
The terms and definitions are selected as far as possible in accordance with established usage. In case of inconsistency, the method agreed by majority is used. 1.3.5 Polysemous terms
If a given term has several meanings in a working language, each meaning is given a separate term to facilitate translation into other languages.
1.3.6 Abbreviations
As indicated in 1.3.2, abbreviations currently in use are assigned to some terms. These abbreviations are not used in the text of definitions, examples or notes.
1.3.7 Use of parentheses
In some terms, a word or words printed in bold are placed in parentheses. These words are part of the complete term. When using abbreviated terms in technical articles does not affect the meaning of the context, these words can be omitted. In the body of the definitions, examples or annotations of GB/T5271, these terms are used in full form. In some entries, the terms are followed by words in brackets in ordinary font. These words are not part of the term, but indicate relevant information about the use of the term, such as its special scope of application, or its grammatical form. 1.3.8 Use of square brackets
If the definitions of several closely related terms differ by only a few words, these terms and their definitions are grouped as separate entries. Alternative words to indicate different meanings are placed in square brackets in the same order as in the term and in the definition. To avoid ambiguity of the replaced word, the last word placed before the brackets according to the above rules may be placed inside the square brackets and repeated for each change. 1.3.9 Use of boldface terms and use of asterisks in definitions When a term is printed in boldface in a definition, example or note, it means that the term has been defined in other entries of this vocabulary. However, the term is printed in boldface only when it first appears in each entry. Boldface is also used for other grammatical forms of individual terms, such as plural nouns and participle forms of verbs. All basic forms of terms that appear in boldface in GB/T 5271 are listed in the index at the end of this part (see 1.3.11). When two boldface terms are cited one after the other in different entries, separate them with an asterisk (or simply with punctuation).
GB/T 5271.9--2001
Words or terms appearing in plain font are to be understood as defined in general dictionaries or authoritative technical vocabulary. 1.3.10 Compilation of index tables
For each language used, an alphabetical index is provided at the end of each part. The index includes all the terms defined in that part. Multi-word terms appear in alphabetical order after each keyword. 2 Terms and definitions
09 Data communication
09.01 General terms
09.01.01 Data communicationdata communication The transfer of data between functional units in accordance with a set of rules governing the transmission and coordinated exchange of data. 09. 01. 02
data transmission
transmission
the transmission of data from one point to one or more other points over telecommunications facilities. 09.01.03
data source
a functional unit that supplies data for transmission.
data sink
a functional unit that receives data for transmission. 09.01.05 transmission medium a natural or artificial medium that carries signals. 09. 01.06
interface
a shared boundary between two functional units defined by their functional characteristics, physical interconnection characteristics, signal switching characteristics, and other appropriate characteristics. 09.02 signal
09.02.01 analog signal a signal in which a characteristic quantity representing data may take any value at any instant in a continuous time interval. NOTE: For example, an analog signal may continuously follow the value of another physical quantity representing data. 09. 02. 02
2 Discrete signaldiscrete signal
Discrete time signaldiscretely timed signalA signal consisting of elements that are sequential in time, each element having one or more characteristic quantities that represent the data. NOTE
1 Examples of characteristic quantities are amplitude, waveform, duration and time position. 2 See Figure 1.
09. 02. 03
Digital signaldigital signal
A discrete signal in which the data are represented by a finite number of well-defined discrete values ​​and in which a characteristic quantity of these discrete values ​​can take on values ​​in time. www.bzxz.net
09.02.04 Binary signalbinary digital signalbinary digital signalA digital signal in which each signal element has one of two permitted discrete values. '09.02.05 Signal elementsignal elementEach part of a discrete signal that can be distinguished from other parts by one or more characteristic quantities. Notes
1 Examples of characteristic quantities are: amplitude, waveform, duration and time position. 2 See Figure 1.
GB/T 5271. 9--2001
09.02.06 Significant condition Characteristic quantity of a signal element, which defines the meaning of the signal element according to a code. Note: See Figure 1.
09. 02.07
Transition
A transient phenomenon that separates two consecutive signal elements with different characteristic states in a discrete signal. Note: See Figure 1.
Significant instant The instant at which a signal element begins to appear in a discrete signal. Note: See Figure 1.
09.02.09 Significant interval The time interval between two consecutive characteristic moments. Note: See Figure 1.
09.02.10 Jitter
The short-term, non-additive deviation of a characteristic instant of a digital signal from its ideal time position. Phase jitter
09. 02. 11
A type of jitter expressed as a fraction of a characteristic instant. 09.03 Transmission
General Terms
09. 03.01 to transfer
To send from one location and receive at another. 09.03.02
To transmit
To send from one location and receive at another. 09. 03. 03 parallel transmission parallel transmission represents the simultaneous transmission of a group of signal elements of a character or other data entity over several separate transmission channels. serial transmission serial transmission 09.03.04
represents the sequential transmission of a group of signal elements of a character or other data entity over a single transmission channel. 09.03.05
simplex transmission Data transmission in one predetermined direction only. 09.03.06
Half-duplex transmission Data transmission in either direction, but in only one direction at a time. duplex transmission09. 03. 07
full-duplex transmission Data transmission in both directions at the same time.
09.03.08asynchronous transmission Data transmission in which the start instant of each character or block of characters is arbitrary, and once started, the occurrence instant of each signal element has the same relationship to the characteristic instant of a fixed time base. 09.03.09
start-stop transmission Asynchronous transmission in which each group of signal elements representing a character begins with a specific signal called a start signal and ends with another signal called a stop signal.
09.03.10 Synchronous transmission--a type of data transmission in which the instant of occurrence of each signal element is related to a fixed time base. 09.03.11 Baseband
-A frequency band occupied by a signal or a group of multiplexed signals that is not changed by modulation. 09.03.12 Narrowband
narrowband
GB/T 5271. 9—2001
A relatively limited frequency band that is related to the amount of information to be transmitted. Note: A narrowband is usually used for a single purpose or is provided to a single user. 09.03.13 Broadband; wideband A frequency band that is used for applications that require a wide frequency range. Note: A broadband can be divided into several narrowbands, each of which can be used for a different purpose or is provided to a different user. Transmission channeltransmission channel09. 03. 14
channelchannel
A means of transmitting signals in one direction between two points. Note: For example, a transmission channel may be provided by frequency division multiplexing or by time division multiplexing. 09. 03.15
Forward channel A transmission channel in which the direction of transmission is limited to the direction in which the user data is being transmitted. 09.03.16 Backward channel A transmission channel related to the forward channel but with the direction of transmission reversed, used to transmit supervisory or error control* signals. Note: In the case of data being transmitted in both directions simultaneously, this definition refers to the data source. 09.04 Transmission facilities
09.04.01 Twisted pair
twisted pair
A transmission medium consisting of two insulated electrical conductors twisted together. 09.04.02
2 Coaxial pair
A transmission medium consisting of two cylindrical conductors having a common axis, one conductor being inside the other. 09.04.03 Coaxial cable A cable consisting of one or more pairs of coaxial cables. 09.04.04
optical fiber
a transmission medium consisting of a fiber-like waveguide capable of carrying optical signals. 5data concentratordata concentrator09.04.05
a functional unit that allows a common transmission medium to serve more data sources than are provided by the available transmission channels. Note: The number of data sources active at a given moment cannot be more than the number of transmission channels. 6multiplexer (used in data communication)09.04.06
data multiplexerdata multiplexera functional unit that combines signals from several separate data sources into a single composite signal. 7communication adaptercommunicationadapter09.04.07
a hardware device that enables a functional unit to be connected to a transmission facility. 3modemmodem
a functional unit that modulates and demodulates signals. NOTES
1 A modem is usually used to enable digital signals to be transmitted over analogue transmission facilities. 2 "Modem" is an abbreviation for MOdulator-DEModulator. 09.05
5 Transmission technology
09.05.01 Line code
line code
A code that is adapted to the characteristics of a transmission channel. NOTE: This code may differ from the code used by the transmitting and receiving data terminal equipment. 09.05.02 Phase encoding (in data communication) A coding in which the phase of a periodic signal is used to encode digital data. 09.05.03
Example: Chester coding.
3Manchester encodingManchester encoding213
GB/T 5271.9—2001
A binary* phase encoding in which the time interval assigned to each bit is divided in half by a transition, the direction of which determines the value of the bit.
1The transition can occur between two states of a physical variable (such as voltage, magnetic polarity, or light intensity) 2If the physical variable is electronic, this type of encoding is polarity-dependent and has no DC component. 3See Figure 2.
09.05.04 Differential Manchester encoding differentialManchester encoding A binary* phase encoding in which the time interval allotted to each bit is divided in half by a transition, the presence or absence of another transition at the beginning of the time interval determines the value of the bit, either "0" or "1". Notes
1 A transition can occur between two states of a physical variable such as voltage, magnetic polarity, or light intensity. 2 If the physical variable is electronic, this type of encoding is polarity dependent and not DC. 3 See Figure 2.
n-ary encoding
n-ary encoding
Encoding of digital data in such a way that the signal can assume one of two or more possible physical states at any given moment.
Note: If n = 2, the term is "binary encoding". 09.05.06 redundant code
A code according to which more characters, symbols or signal elements are used to represent data than are actually required. 09.05.07
to scramble
The process of converting a digital signal into a pseudo-random digital signal with the same meaning and the same bit rate for transmission or recording. Note: This scrambling avoids the problems caused by transmitting long sequences of "1" or "0". 09.05.08
3to descramble
The process of restoring a coded digital signal to the original digital signal. 9carrier
A wave or oscillation whose characteristic quantity changes as the signal changes. Note: For example, a wave or oscillation may be a sine wave or a sequence of pulses. modulation
The process of changing at least one characteristic quantity of the carrier in accordance with the characteristic quantity of the signal to be transmitted. 09.05.11demodulation
The process of restoring a modulated signal to the original signal. 2amplitude shift keying09.05.12
ASK(abbreviation)ASK(abbreviation)A modulation process in which the modulated digital signal varies the amplitude of the output signal within a fixed number of predetermined values. frequency shift keying09. 05.13
FSK(abbreviation)FSK(abbreviation)A modulation process in which the modulated digital signal varies the frequency of the output signal within a fixed number of predetermined values. 09.05.14phase-continuous frequency shift keyingphase-continuous FSK(abbreviation)phase-continuous FSK(abbreviation)A type of frequency shift keying in which the transitions between predetermined frequencies are accomplished by changes in frequency so that there is no phase shift during the transitions.
Note: Phase-continuous frequency shift keying can be contrasted with the discontinuous replacement of one frequency by another, which can be accomplished by switches. Phase coherent frequency shift keying phase coherent frequency shift keying09.05.15
Phase coherent FSK (abbreviation) phase coherent FSK (abbreviation) 246
GB/T 5271.9--2001
\A frequency shift keying in which the predetermined frequencies are integer multiples of the bit rate and the transitions between these frequencies are made at the zero crossings of the carrier waveform.
09. 05.16 Phase shift keying PSK (abbreviation) PSK (abbreviation) A modulation process in which the digital signal in the modulation changes the phase of the output signal within a fixed number of predetermined values.
Note: See Figure 3.
? Bit rate bit rate
The speed at which bits are transmitted.
Note: The bit rate is usually expressed in bits per second, kilobits per second, megabits per second, etc. 09.05.18 Data signaling rateDSR(abbreviation)DSR(abbreviation)Bit rate in parallel transmission.
Note: Data signaling rate is expressed by the following formula:
-logan
Where: m——Number of parallel transmission channels; T,————The characteristic interval of the first channel expressed in seconds; N-Number of predefined valid states of the first channel. 09. 05. 19 Modulation ratemodulation rateThe reciprocal of the nominal characteristic interval of the modulated signal. 09.05.20 baud
Unit of modulation rate, equal to the number of signal elements per second, where all elements are of equal length and each element represents one or more bits.
Note: For modems operating at 1200 bit/s or higher, the modulation rate expressed in baud is usually less than the bit rate because each signal element carries more than one bit. 09.05. 21
actual transfer rateactual transfer ratetransfer ratetransfer rate
the average number of bits, characters, or blocks transmitted per unit time between two points. effective transfer rateeffective transfer rate09.05.22
the average number of bits, characters, or blocks transmitted per unit time between two points and considered valid by the receiver. 09.05.23 multiplexing The process of combining multiple signals from several different sources into one signal for transmission over a single transmission channel.
demultiplexing
demultiplexing
The process of restoring a multiplexed signal to its original individual signals, or groups of signals. Note: Demultiplexing may be local, e.g., extracting a group from an upper group. 09. 05. 25 frequency division multiplexing frequency division multiplexing FDM (abbreviation) FDM (abbreviation) A type of multiplexing in which several independent signals are each assigned to separate frequency bands for transmission on a single transmission channel.
09.05.26 time division multiplexing - A type of multiplexing in which several independent signals are each assigned to separate periodic time slots for transmission on a single transmission channel.
GB/T 5271. 9--2001
09.05.27 Statistical time division multiplexing STDM (abbreviation) STDM (abbreviation) A type of time division multiplexing in which the time interval is allocated to each signal according to the estimated need at each instant, with the risk that the overall demand may sometimes exceed the overall capacity of the transmission channel. 09.05.28 Multiple access, multiple access multiple access Any technology that can share the performance of a transmission channel in a predetermined manner or according to communication needs. Frequency division multiple access; frequency division multiple access frequency division multiple access 09.05.29
FDMA (abbreviation) FDMA (abbreviation) A multiple access technology in which a separate frequency band is allocated to each input channel of a common transmission channel. 09.05.30 Time Division Multiple Access; Time Division Multiple Access time division multiple access TDMA (abbreviation) TDMA (abbreviation) A multiple access technique in which a separate time slot is allocated to each auxiliary channel of a common transmission channel. 09.06
Data link
09.06.01Data linkdata link
The protocol-controlled part of two data terminal equipment and the interconnecting data circuits which together enable data to be transferred.
Note: See Figure 4.
2Data circuitdata circuit
09. 06. 02
A pair of associated transmission channels provided as a means for bidirectional data transmission. NOTE
Between data switches, whether a data circuit includes data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) depends on the type of interface1
used at the data switch.
Between a data station and a data switch or data concentrator, the data circuit includes a DCE at the data station end and may also include equipment similar to a DCE at the data switch 2
or data concentrator. 3See Figure 4.
09.06.03 Line line
transmission line transmission line
a physical transmission medium.
1 A line is a portion of a data line outside of a data circuit terminating equipment and a data switch. 2See Figure 4.
09.06.04 Protocol protocol
a set of rules that define the characteristics of a functional unit for the purpose of achieving communication. 5 character-oriented protocol character-oriented protocol09. 06.05
-a data link* protocol in which user data and data link control functions are encoded as specific characters. Example: Basic Link Control Protocol.
5 bit-oriented protocol A data link protocol in which data link control functions are specified in specific locations so that user data is transmitted as a transparent sequence of bits.
Note: High-level data link control protocol.
Data circuit transparency data circuit transparency 09.06.07
A capability of a data circuit to transmit all data without changing the data content or data structure. 09.06. 08 Frame
Transmission frame transmission frame
GB/T5271.9--2001
A data structure consisting of fields predetermined by the protocol and used to transmit user data and control data. Note
1 The composition of the frame, in particular the number and type of fields, may vary with the protocol type. 2 See Figure 5.
Information bitinformation bit
09. 06. 09
A bit used to indicate user data, not for control purposes. 09.06.10
Overhead bitoverhead bit
Service bitservice bit
An auxiliary bit used for control purposes. Note: Overhead bits are mainly used when the transmitting device performs a certain process, especially a non-periodic process, to ensure that the receiving device performs the corresponding complementary process. They are generally added to the digital signal at a specified time interval at the transmitting end and cleared at the receiving end. 1Start-of-frame
Frame start delimiterframe start delimiterA specific bit pattern indicating the start of a frame. Note: See Figure 5.
09.06.12End-of-frame
Frame end delimiterframe end delimiterA specific bit pattern, or a specific signal, indicating the end of a frame. Note: See Figure 5.
09. 06. 13
preamble
a specific bit pattern transmitted by a data station* that precedes a frame in order to synchronize with other data stations. NOTE
1In some protocols, the preamble is part of a frame. 2See Figure 5.
frame control field
frame control field
a bit pattern that defines the type of frame and certain control functions. frame check sequence09.06.15
FCS(abbreviation)FCS(abbreviation)A bit sequence that is determined by the data present in a frame and included in a frame to detect transmission errors. 09. 06. 16 time slot
TS(abbreviation)TS(abbreviation)Any recurring, identifiable and uniquely defined time interval. 09.06.17
Timing recovery
The derivation of a cyclic timing signal from the received digital signal, based on the periodicity of the time slots. 09.06.18 Error control The part of the error control protocol that makes it possible to detect errors and, possibly, to correct them. 09.06.19
Block check
The part of the error control procedure that determines whether a data* block has been constructed according to a given rule. 09.06.20
bit error ratebit error ratio
BER (abbreviation)BER (abbreviation)bit error ratio (deprecated)bit error rate (deprecated)The ratio of the number of erroneous bits to the total number of bits sent, received or processed in a specified period of time. 09. 06.21 flow controlflow controlControl of the actual transmission rate in data communications. 249
09.06.22acknowledgment
GB/T 5271. 9--2001
A positive response from the receiver to the sender indicating that the transmitted data has been received. 09. 06. 23
3polling
The process of asking each data station individually whether it wants to send* data. Note: Usually used for multipoint connections, but can also be used for point-to-point connections. 09.06.24 selecting
the process of requesting one or more data stations to receive data. Note: Usually used for multipoint connections, but can also be used for point-to-point connections. 09.06.25
5 contention
the condition that occurs when two or more data stations attempt to transmit data on the same transmission path at the same time. 09.06.26 data transfer phase the phase of a call during which user data may be transferred between data terminal equipment interconnected by a network. 09. 06. 27
09. 06. 28
09. 06. 29
interrogating
the process by which a master station requests a slave station to indicate its identity or status. time-out
the event that is scheduled to occur at the end of a predetermined elapsed time. Note: A time-out condition may be avoided by sending an appropriate signal; a time-out condition may be cancelled by receiving an appropriate time-out cancel signal. recovery
The process of resolving conflicts or error conditions that occur during data transmission. Basic mode link control Basic mode link control 09. 06. 30
Control of a data link using a character-oriented protocol that uses standard control characters in the seven-bit coded character set for information exchange. High-level data link control 09. 06. 31
HDLC (abbreviation) HDLC (abbreviation) Control of a data link using a bit-oriented protocol structured for information exchange defined in GB/T 7496. 09.06.32 Data station data station
A functional unit that provides data for transmission, accepts data to be transmitted, and performs various functions required to communicate with another functional unit.
Note: See Figure 4.
data terminal equipment
Data terminal equipment
DTE (abbreviation) DTE (abbreviation) A part of a data station that serves as a data source, a data sink, or both. Note
" DTE can be connected directly to the computer or to some part of the computer. 2 See Figure 4.
09.06. 34 Intermediate equipment - An auxiliary equipment placed between the data terminal equipment and the data circuit-terminating equipment, which can perform certain additional functions before modulation or after demodulation.
09.06. 35 Data circuit-terminating equipment data circuit-terminating equipment DCE (abbreviation) DCE (abbreviation) In the data station, the equipment that provides signal conversion and encoding between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and the line. Note
1 DCE can be a separate device, or it can be a part of the intermediate equipment. 2 DCE can perform other functions that are usually performed at the end of the line in the network. 3 See Figure 4.
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