2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势--练高考--心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

13..推理判断之推断文章走势.?练高考??心中有数

1.【山西省怀仁市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研】A callcame intoJimmy Gillccccsbar.A newlymarried woman,who hadspent theafternoon at his bar,couldnt findher wallet.She didntcare abouther ID,credit cards,or150in cash-but herwedding ringwas inside.Gillcccc,42,didnt likethe ideathat atheft couldhave occurredathisplace.So hedetermined to find the wallet.He spenthours onvideos fromsuneiHance（监控）cameras,watching the womans everystep in the bar.Within minutes,a young man approachedthe bar,put somethingin hispocket,and walkedoff.Gilleece posteda clip（视频片段）on thebars Facebookpage to find outwho theyoungmanwas.Within hours,Gilleece gota textfrom17-year-old Rivers Prather,who saidhed doneit becausehe hadnteaten intwo days.He saidhe sawthe ringbut thoughtit wasfake,so hetook the money andthrew the wallet into the ocean.Then hebought asandwich.Gilleece told（he teento meethim atthe docks（码头）.There theytalked alot andGilleece knewthat Pratherwas froma poorfamily.Seeing theteenagers smallbuild,Gilleece thoughthe wasmore of a kidthan acriminal.However,because of the missingring,Prather couldbe putinto prison.Gilleece decidedto helpthe kid.He hiredtwo localdivers tosearch thewaters wherethe wallethad beenthrown.More（han anhour passed,with nosign of the ring.Gilleece grewworried.And thena diverpopped up.In hishand was thewallet,and insidewasthe ring.When Gilleececalled thewallets owner,she burstinto tearsand immediatelydropped thecharge againstPrather fbrstealing the ring.

1.What didthe womanvalue mostin herwallet A.Her ID.B.Her credit cards.C.Her money.D.Her wedding ring.

2.What didPrather doafter gettingthewalletA.He keptthering.B.He spentthemoneyin it.C.He threwit ina dustbin.D.He returnedit to the owner.

3.Why didGilleece helpPrather A.To teachthe childa lesson.B.To meetthe customer,s demand.C.To save（he forgivablechild.D.To winback thereputation ofhis bar.

4.What wouldhappen toPrather nextA.He wouldbe sentto prison.B.He wouldnot beaccused bythewoman.C.He wouldget ajob inGilleece Jsbar.D.He wouldlive a better lifeever after.【答案】

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文记叙了Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Praiher,但是RiversPrather拿了钱包里的钱将钱包丢进了海里Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Pralher也被撤销了指控

1.推理判断题根据第一段中She didntcare abouther ID,creditcards,or150in cash-but herweddingringwas inside.（她不在乎她的身份证、信用卡或150美元现金――但她的结婚戒指在里面）可知那位妇女最珍视钱包里的结婚戒指故选D

2.细节理解题根据第三段中He saidhe sawtheringbut thoughtit wasfake,so hetook themoney andthrew thewallet into the ocean.（他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿了钱，把钱包扔进了大海）可知Prather得到钱包后，他把里面的钱花了故选B

3.推理判断题根据倒数第二段中Seeing theteenagers smallbuild,Gilleece thoughthe wasmore ofa kidthan acriminal.However,because of the missingring,Prather couldbe putinto prison.（看至lj这个少年的小个子，Gilleece觉得他更像个孩子，而不是罪犯然而，因为丢失戒指，Praiher可能会被关进监狱）可知Gilleece帮助Prather是因为他认为Prather是个可原谅的孩子故选C

4.推理判断题根据最后一段中When Gillcccccalled thewallets owner,she burstinto tearsand immediatelydropped thecharge againstPrather forstealing thering.（当Gilleece打电话给钱包的主人时,她哭了起来，并立即撤销了对Prather偷戒指的指控）可知接下来Prather不会被那个女人指控故选B.

2.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊”】On Monday,about270pilot whalesgot intodifficulty ona sandbankat MacquarieHeads,near Strahanon Tasmaniaswest coast,about190kilometres fromHobart.Another200of theanimals werefound earlyon Wednesday,making itTasmanias largestrecorded brandingevent.The Departmentof PrimaryIndustry,Parks,Water andEnvironment（DPIPWE）said thatabout athird haddied.Marine biologistsarrived in the area to carryout rescueoperations.They plannedto usespecialized equipmentsuch asspecial tarpaulinsto pushthe whalesback intothe deepwater.The localpolice alsoassisted inthe rescue.The whalesthat werestranded arePilot Whales,and theyare foundin almostall theoceans of the world,according tothe Marineconservation group.Pilot whalesare infact oneof thelargest membersof thedolphin family,but theyare treatedas whalesfor theMarine MammalsProtection Regulationsissued in

1992.They werenamed pilot whales becauseit wasthought thateach podfollowed apilot inthe group.Cetacean stranding,commonly knownas beaching,is aphenomenon inwhich whalesand dolphinsstrand themselveson land,usually ona beach.Several explanationsfbr whycetaceans strand（hemselves have been proposed,including changesin watertemperatures,unusual featuresof whalesecho locationin certainsurroundings,and geomagneticdisturbances,but nonehave sofar beenuniversally acceptedas adefinitive reasonfor thebehavior.In recentyears,whale strandingshave becomemore frequentaround theworld.In November2018,a deadsperm whalethat hadwashed ashorein easternIndonesia consumeda horrifyingcollection of plastic trash,including115drinking cups,25plastic bags,plastic bottles,two flip-flops anda bagcontaining more than

1.000pieces ofstring.In all,the plasticcontents ofthe whalesstomach weighed

13.2pound（six kilograms）.The bagsare blackdue toa reactionwith thecreatures stomachacids,according toThai Whalesorganization.A person,on average,breathes orswallows atleast74,0（X）microscopic particlesofplasticeach year.

1.How manywhales diedaccording toDPIPWE A.About

160.B.About

200.C.About

270.D.About

470.

2.What docsthe underlinedword“stranding meanin Paragraph1A.Being putinto danger.B.Being trappedin trouble.C.Being foundin extinction.D.Being leftor drivenashore.

3.What doesthe authorwant（o tellus bythe numbersin Paragraph5A.Whales mistakeplastics forfood.B.Whales needthe abilityof self-protection.C.Whales livingconditions areworsening.D.Whales have an excellentdigestive system.

4.What will be discussedprobably followingthe last paragraph A.Protective measuresfor whales.B.The reasonsfor whalestranding.C.Studying whalesstomach deeply.D.Researching theoceans ecosystem.【答案】

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.A【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道文章讲述了星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上搁浅了

1.细节理解题由第一段“On Monday,about270pilotwhalesgot intodifficulty ona sandbankat MacquarieHeads,near Strahanon Tasmaniaswest coast,about190kilometres fromHobart.Another200oftheanimals werefound earlyon Wednesday,making itTasmanias largestrecorded strandingevent.The Departmentof PrimaryIndustry,Parks,Water andEnvironment（DPIPWE）said thatabout athird haddied.”（星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上遇到了麻烦，这里靠近塔斯马尼亚州西海岸的斯特拉汉，距离霍巴特大约190公里周三早些时候又发现了200只这种动物,这是塔斯马尼亚有记录以来最大的鲸搁浅事件DPIPWE说，大约三分之一的鲸已经死亡）可知总共有470头鲸搁浅，三分之一的鲸已经死亡，说明157头鲸死亡，即大约有160头故选A项

2.词句猜测题由第二段中的“Marine biologistsarrived inthe area to carryout rescueoperations.They plannedto usespecialized equipmentsuch asspecial tarpaulinsto pushthe whalesback intothe deepwaler.（海洋生物学家抵达该地区展开营救行动他们计划使用特殊的设备，如特殊的防水布将鲸鱼推回到深水中）可知海洋生物学家要把鲸鱼推问到深水中，说明这些鲸他在岸上搁浅了，stranding在此处意为“被留在或者被驱赶上岸故选D项

3.推理判断题由第五段中的In November2018,a deadsperm whalethat hadwashed ashorein easternIndonesia consumeda horrifyingcollection ofplastic trash,including115drinking cups,25plastic bags,plastic bottles,two flip-flops anda bagcontaining morethan1,000pieces ofstring.In all,the plasticcontents ofthe whalesstomach weighed

13.2pound（six kilograms）.^^（2018年11月,一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个装有1000多条细绳的袋子总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重

13.2磅（6公斤））可知这头鲸鱼吃了很多的塑料垃圾，作者想通过第五段中的数字告诉我们鲸鱼的生存条件正在恶化故选C项

4.推理判断题由第五段中的Tn recentyears,whale strandingshave becomemore frequentaround theworld.In November2018,a deadsperm whalethat hadwashed ashorein easternIndonesia consumeda horrifyingcollection ofplastic trash,including115drinking cups,25plastic bags,plastic bottles,two flip-flops anda bagcontaining morethan1,000pieces ofstring.In all,the plasticcontents ofthe whalesstomach weighed

13.2pound（six kilograms）.The bagsarc blackdue toa reactionwith thecreatures stomachacids,according toThai Whalesorganization.”（近年来，鲸鱼搁浅在世界各地变得越来越频繁2018年11月，一头在n尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和?个装有1000多条细绳的袋子总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重

13.2磅（6公斤）根据泰国鲸鱼组织的说法，这些袋子是黑色的，这是因为它们与胃酸发生反应）可知搁浅鲸鱼越来越多，有些还吃了很多的塑料垃圾，鲸伟.的生存环境不好，导致鲸角死亡，接下来应该谈保护鲸鱼的措施故选A项

3.【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校2021-2022学年高三下学期第?次模拟】The Amazonrainforest,is asundisturbed aplace asmost peoplecan imagine,but eventhere,the effects ofachanging climatearc playingout.Now,research suggeststhat manyofthe regions mostsensitive bird species arcstarting toevolve inresponse towanning.Birds areoften consideredsentinel（口肖兵）species-meaning thatthey indicatethe overallhealth ofan ecosystem-so scientistsare particularly interested inhow theyreresponding to climate change.In general,the newshas not been good.For instance,a2019report bythe NationalAudubon Societyfound thatmorethantwo-thirds ofNorth Americasbirdspecieswill bein dangerof extinctionby2100if warmingtrends continueon theircurrent course.For thenew study,researchers collectedthe biggestdataset sofar on（he Amazonsresident birds,representing77non-migratory speciesand lastingthe40years from1979to

2019.During thestudy period,the average（emperaiure intheregionrose,while theamount ofrainfall declined,making fora hotter,dryer climateoverall.According tothe reporton November12inthejournal ScienceAdvances,36species have lost substantial weight,as muchas2percent of（heir body weight perdecade since

1980.Meanwhile,all（he species showed somedecrease inaverage bodymass,while athird grewlonger wings.Because ofthe studyslong timeseries andlarge samplesizes,the authorswere ableto showthe morphological（形态学的）effectsofclimate changeon residentbirds.However,the researchersthemselves areunsure andwonder whatadvantage the wing length changes givethe birds,but supposesmaller birdsmay have an easiertime keepingcool.In general,smaller animalshavealarger rateof surfaceareatobody size,so theydissipaie moreheat faster（han abigger animal.Less availablefood,such asfruit orinsects,in dryerweather mightlead tosmaller body size.

32.Why arescientists fondof doingresearch onbirds A.They havesmall bodysizes.B.They aresensitive tohot weather.C.They livein anundisturbed rainforest.D.They areecological balanceindicators.

33.What canwe learnfrom thenew study A.A thirdof species havebeenextinct fora decade.B.36species lost2%of theirbodyweightevery year.C.Two-thirds ofspeciesshoweda considerabledecrease inweight.D.About26species respondedtoclimate change withlonger wings.

34.What doesthe underlinedword dissipateinthelastparagraphmean A.Put off.B.Give off.C.Put away.D.Give away.

35.What wouldprobably the researchers furtherstudyA.Why itis easierfor smaller animals tokeep cool.B.What effectsthewing lengthchangeshave onbirds.C.Why theAmazonian birdshavelostsubstantialweight.D.Whether birdspecies inNorth Americawillbeextinct in

2100.【答案】

32.D

33.D

34.B

35.B【解析】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响

32.细节理解题根据第二段第一句“Birds areoften consideredsentinel（哨兵）species-meaning thatthey indicate（he overallhealth ofan ecosystem-so scientistsare particularly interested inhow theyreresponding toclimatechange4鸟常被认为是物种的哨兵，指的是它们能暗示生态系统的整体健康，因此科学家关注它们对气候变化的反应）”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的暗示者故选D

33.推理判断题根据第三段“representing77non-migratory species”以及while athird grewlonger wings.（在研究的77种不迁移的鸟类中，1/3的鸟长着较长的翅膀户可知，大约26种鸟类长着较长的翅膀来应对气候变化故选D

34.词句猜测题根据最后一段smaller birdsmay havean easiertime keepingcool.In general,smalleranimalshavealarger rateof surfaceareatobodysize（较小的鸟可能很快就会凉下来总体来讲，相对于身体尺寸而言，较小动物的表面积较大）”可知较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就容易，dissipate的意思是散发,与Give off（散发）的词义一致故选B

35.推理判断题根据最后――段“However,theresearchersthemselves areunsure andwonder whatadvantage thewinglengthchanges givethe birds,（然而，研究者自己也不确信，对鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么好处感到困惑）”可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响故选B

4.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三”IQ isoften consideredas animportant driverof successparticularlyinfields such as science,innovation andtechnology.In factmany peoplehave endlessfascination with the IQscores of famous people.But thetruth is that someofthegreatest achievementsby ourspecies haveprimarily reliedon qualitiessuch ascreativity,imagination,curiosity andempathy（同感）.Many ofthese charactcristcsarc rootedin whatscientists call^cognitive（认知的）flexibility”―a skillthat enablesus toswitch betweendifferent conceptsor to adapt behaviorto achievegoals ina novelor changingenvironment.Cognitive flexibilityprovides uswith theability tosee thatwhat we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.Cognitive flexibilitymay haveaffected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns（疫情封锁）which producednew challengesaround workand schooling.Some ofus foundit easierthan othersto adaptour routinesto domany activitiesfrom home.Such flexiblepeople mayalso havechanged theseroutines fromtime totime tryingtofindbetter andmore variedways ofgoing abouttheir day.Others,however,struggled andultimately becamemore rigidin theirthinking.Flexible thinkingis keyo creativity.It alsosupports academicand workskills suchas problemsolving.For example,visual artistsmay beof averageintelligence buthighly creativeand haveproduced masterpieces.Creativity is also importantin scienceand innovation.We havediscovered hatsuccessful businessmenwho havecreated multiplecompanies aremore cognitivelyflexible thanmanagers ofa similarage andIQ.Cognitive flexibility isalsoassociated withhigh recoveryfrom negativelife eventsas wellas higherquality oflife inolder individuals.It caneven bebeneficial inemotional andsocial cognition:studies have shown that cognitive flexibilityhas astrong linktotheability tounderstand theemotions,thoughts andintentions ofothers.Ncuroimaging studies haveshown thatcognitive flexibilityisdependent ona networkof frontalbrain regions.There area numberof waysto objectivelyassess peoplescognitive flexibilityincluding heWisconsin Card Sorting testand theCANTAB SetShift Task.And thegood newsis thatit seemsthat youcan traincognitive flexibility.

32.What canwe learnfrom Paragraph1A.Creativity isthe onlysource ofpeoples success.B.A driversachievement isnot determinedby IQ.C.The IQoffamous people isinysterious.D.IQ maynotbethe keyfactor inhumans achievements.

33.Which mightNOT bean exampleof cognitive flexibility duringpandemic lockdownsA.Organizing onlinemeetings.B.Taking upindoor workout.C.Joining ingroup hiking.D.Learning tobake alhome.

34.Which belongstotheconsequences of cognitive flexibilityA.Flexible peopletend tostick totheir routines.B.People haveabetterunderstanding ofothers feelings.C.Businessmen aremore likelyto succeedthan visualartists.D.Older individualsarc ableto avoidmisfortunes inlife.

35.What wouldthe followingparagraph talkabout A.The waysto developcognitive flexibility.B.The applicationofcognitive flexibility.C.The WisconsinCardSortingtest.D.The importanceof trainingcognitiveflexibility.【答案】

32.D

33.C

34.B

35.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章提出人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质，这些品质大多植根于科学家们所说的“认知灵活性”――这是一种使我们能够在不同的概念之间转换，或在一个新的或不断变化的环境中调整行为以实现目标的技能文章说明了认知灵活性的重要性以及带给人们的影响

32.推理判断题根据第一段“IQ isoften consideredas animportant driverof successparticularlyinfields suchas science,innovation andtechnology.In factmany peoplehave endlessfascination withthe IQscores offamouspeople.But thetruth isthat someofthegreatest achievementsby ourspecieshaveprimarily reliedon qualitiessuchascreativity,imagination,curiosity andempathy（同感）.（智商通常被认为是成功的重要驱动力，特别是在科学、创新和技术等领域事实上，许多人对名人的智商分数有着无尽的迷恋但事实是，人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质）“可知，人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同理心等品质，由此可推知智商可能不是人类成就的关键因素故选D项

33.细节理解题根据第二段“Cognitive flexibilityprovides uswiththeability tosee（hat whalwearedoingisnotleadingtosuccessandtomaketheappropriatechangestoachieveit.（认知上的灵活性使我们能够认识到我们所做的并不会带来成功，并做出适当的改变来实现它）可知，认知上的灵活性会让我们对自己的思想和彳j为带来适当的弓I导和调整，结合第三段“Cognitive flexibilitymay havea fleetedhowpeoplecopedwiththepandemiclockdowns（疫情封锁）which producednew challengesaround workand schooling.Some ofus foundit easierthan otherstoadaptour routinesto domany activitiesfrom home.Such flexiblepeople mayalso havechanged theseroutines fromtime totime tryingtofindbetter andmore variedways ofgoing abouttheir day.Others,however,struggled andultimately becamemore rigidin theirthinking.（认知灵活性可能影响J‘人们如何应对疫情封锁，这给工作和教育带来了新的挑战我们中的一些人比其他人更容易调整我们的日常活动，在家里做许多活动这些灵活的人可能也会时不时地改变这些习惯，试图找到更好、更多样化的方式来度过他们的一天然而，另一些人则挣扎着，最终变得更加固执）“可知，疫情封锁期间，去参加团体远足这样的户外活动，没有体现M灵活调整所处的现实情况与自身行为，不符合认知的灵活?性，故选C项

34.细节理解题根据倒数第二段“It caneven bebeneficial inemotional andsocial cognition:studieshaveshownthatcognitiveflexibilityhas astrong linktotheability tounderstand theemotions,thoughts andintentions ofothers.（它甚至对情绪和社会认知也有好处:研究表明，认知灵活性与理解他人情绪、思想和意图的能力有很强的联系）”可知，认知灵活性与理解他人情绪、思想和意图的能力有很强的联系，由此可知，B项“人们能更好地理解他人的感受属于认知灵活性的结果，故选B项

35.推理判断题通读全文可知，文章说明了认知灵活性的意义以及它对人们产生的影响，结合最后一段“And thegood newsisthatit seemsthat youcan traincognitiveflexibility.（好消息是，你似乎可以训练认知灵活性）”可知，此处提出认知灵活性是可以训练的，由此可推断，接下来应说明“培养认知灵活性的方法故选A项。