2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点8--推理判断之写作手法--练高考--心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

8..推理判断之写作手法??练高考??心中有数

1.D【2021?北京卷】Early fifth-century philosopherSt.Augustine famouslywrote thathe knewwhat timewas unlesssomeone askedhim.Albert Einstein added anotherwrinkle when he theorizedthat timevaries dependingon whereyou measureit.Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks haveproven Einsteinright.Even advancedphysics can*t decisivelytell uswhat timeis,because theanswer dependson thequestion youreasking.Forget abouttime as an absolute.What if,instead ofconsidering time in termsof astronomy,we relatedtime toecologyWhat if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏）of humanlife Were increasingly aware of the fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizingthat weneed tomoderate（调节）our actionsif wehope tolive inbalance.What ifour definitionof timereflected thatRecently,I conceptualizeda newapproach totimekeeping thatsconnected tocircumstances onour planet,conditions thatmight changeasaresult ofglobal warming.We*re nowbuilding aclock at the AnchorageMuseum thatreflects thetotal flowof severalmajor Alaskanrivers,which aresensitive tolocal andglobal environmentalchanges.We*ve programmedit tomatch anatomic clockif thewaterways continue to flowat theirpresent rate.If the rivers runfaster in the futureon average,the clockwill getahead ofstandard time.If theyrun slower,youll seethe oppositeeffect.The clockregisters bothshort-term irregularitiesand long-term trendsin riverdynamics.Its asort ofobservatory thatreveals howtheriversare behavingfrom theirown temporalframe（时间框架）,and allowsus towitness thosechanges onour smartwatchesor phones.Anyone whoopts to go onAlaska MeanRiver Timewill live in harmonywith theplanet.Anyone whoconsiders river timeinrelation toatomic timewill encountera majorimbalance andmay bemotivated tocounteract itby consumingless fuelor supportinggreener policies.Even ifthis methodof timekeepingis novelin itsparticulars,early agriculturalsocieties alsoconnected time to naturalphenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,peoplecorrected^official calendarsby shiftingdates forwardor backwardto reflectthe changeof season.Temporal connectionto theenvironment wasvital to their survival.Likewise,rivertimeand othertimekeeping systemswere developingmay encourageenvironmental awareness.When St.Augustine admittedhis inabilityto definetime,he highlightedone of time*s mostnoticeable qualitiesTime becomesmeaningful onlyin adefined context.Any timekeepingsystem isvalid,and eachis aspraiseworthy asits purpose.

32.The authorraises threequestions in Paragraph2mainly to.A.present anassumption B.evaluate anargument C.highlight anexperiment D.introduce anapproach【答案】

32.D【解析】本文是议论文文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境

32.推理判断题根据第二段的“Wereincreasinglyawareof thefactthat we can*tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,and realizingthat weneed tomoderate（调节）our actionsif wehope toliveinbalance.（我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动）“进而提出问题“What ifour definitionoftimereflected that（如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢广，结合前两个问题“What if,instead ofconsidering timein termsof astronomy,we relatedtimetoecology What if weallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）of humanlife（如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢厂可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法故选D项

2.

12020.全国新课标ni】We arethe productsof evolution,and notjust evolutionthat occurred billions of years ago.As scientistslook deeperinto ourgenes（基因），they arefinding examplesof humanevolution injust thepast fewthousand years.People inEthiopian highlandshave adaptedto livingat highaltitudes.Cattle-raising peoplein EastAfrica andnorthern Europehave gaineda mutation（突变）that helpsthem digestmilk asadults.On Thursdayin anarticle publishedin Cell,a teamof researchersreported anew kind of adaptation-not toair or to food,but to the ocean.A groupof sea-dwelling peoplein SoutheastAsia haveevolved into better divers.The Bajau,as thesepeople areknown,number in the hundredsof thousandsin Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They havetraditionally livedon houseboats;in recenttimes,theyve alsobuilt houseson stilts（支柱）in coastalwaters.They aresimply astranger tothe land,said RedneyC.Jubilado,a University of Hawaiiresearcher whostudies the Bajau.Dr.Jubilado firstmet theBajau whilegrowing upon SamalIsland in the Philippines.They made a livingas divers,spearfishing orharvesting shellfish.n Wewere soamazed that they couldstay underwatermuch longerthan uslocal islanders,Dr.Jubilado said.“I couldsee themactually walkingunder thesea.”In201,Melissa Ilardo,then agraduate studentin geneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heard about theBajau.She wonderedif centuriesof divingcould haveled tothe evolutionof physicalcharacteristics thatmade thetask easierfor them,it seemedlike theperfect chancefbr naturalselection toact ona population/said Dr.Ilardo.She alsosaid therewere likelya numberof othergenes thathelp theBajau dive.

29932.What doesthe authorwant totell usby theexamples inparagraph1A.Environmental adaptationof cattleraisers.B.New knowledgeof humanevolution.C.Recent findingsof humanorigin.D.Significance offood selection.【答案】

32.B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活

32.推理判断题根据第一段的we arethe productsof evolution,and notjust evolutionthat occurredbillionsofyearsago.As scientistslook deeperinto ourgenes,they arefinding examplesof humanevolution injust thepast fewthousand years.（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化B.New knowledgeof humanevolution.（人类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，故选B项

3.D【2019?天津】Would youBET on the futureof thisman Heis53years old.Most ofhis adultlife hasbeen alosing struggleagainst debtand misfortune.A warinjury hasmade hisleft handstop functioning,and hehas oftenbeen inprison.Driven byheaven-knows-what motives,he determinesto writea book.The bookturns outtobeone thathas appealedtotheworld formore than350years.That formerprisoner wasCervantes,and thebook wasDon Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）.And the story posesan interestingquestion:why dosome peoplediscover newvitality andcreativity tothe endof theirdays,while othersgo toseed longbefore We*ve allknown peoplewho runout ofsteam beforethey reachlifes halfwaymark.Im nottalking aboutthose whofail to get tothe top.We cantall getthere.Tm talkingabout peoplewho havestopped learningon growingbecause theyhave adoptedthe fixedattitudes andopinions thatall toooften come with passingyears.Most ofus,in fact,progressively narrowthe varietyof ourlives.We succeedin ourfield ofspecialization andthen becometrapped init.Nothing surprisesus.We loseour senseof wonder.But,ifweare willingto lean,the opportunitiesare everywhere.The things we learn in maturityseldom involveinformation andskills We learn tobear withthe things we cantchange.We learnto avoidself-pity.Welearnthat howevermuch wetry toplease,some peopleare nevergoing tolove us-an ideathat troublesat firstbut iseventually relaxing.With highmotivation andenthusiasm,we cankeep onlearning.Then wewill knowhow importantit isto havemeaning inour life.However,wecanachieve meaningonly ifwe havemadeacommitment tosomething largerthan ourown littleegos（自我），whether toloved ones,to fellowhumans,to work,ortosome moralconcept.Many ofus equate（视...等同于）“commitment“with such“caring“occupations asteaching andnursing.But doingany ordinaryjob as well asone canis initself anadmirable commitment.People whowork towardsuch excellencewhether theyare drivinga truck,or runninga store-make theworld betterjust bybeing thekindof people theyare.Theyve learnedlifes mostvaluable lesson.

51.The passagestarts withthe storyof Cervantesto showthat.A.loss offreedom stimulatesones creativityB.age is not abarrier toachieving one*s goalC.misery inspiresa manto fightagainst hisfate D.disability cannotstop a mans pursuitof success

52.What doesthe underlinedpart inParagraph3probably meanA.End onesstruggle forliberty.B.Waste onesenergy takingrisks.C.Miss theopportunity tosucceed.D.Lose theinterest tocontinue learning.

53.What couldbe inferredfrom Paragraph4A.Those whodare totry oftenget themselvestrapped.B.Those whotend tothink backcan hardlygo ahead.C.Opportunity favorsthose witha curiousmind.D.Opportunity awaitsthose witha cautiousmind.

54.What doesthe authorintend totell usinParagraph5A.A toughman cantolerate suffering.B.A wiseman canlive withoutself-pity.C.A manshould tryto satisfypeople aroundhim.D.A manshould learnsuitable waysto dealwith life.

55.What is the authorspurpose inwriting thepassage A.To provideguidance onleading ameaningful adultlife.B.To stressthe needof shoulderingresponsibilities atwork.C.To statethe importanceof generatingmotivation forlearning.D.To suggesta wayof pursuingexcellence inour lifelongcareer.【答案】5LB

52.D

53.C

54.D

55.A【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了如何过一种有意义的成人的生活

51.B推理判断题根据第一段中此人53岁，有债务，生活不幸，身上还有伤，但他下决心写一本，而且此书还获得了成功，350年依I日受欢迎，可知作者通过Cervantes的故事来表明年龄不是一个人实现目标的障碍，故答案为B

52.D词义猜测题根据划线单词下的作者说我要讨论的是那些停止学习的人的成长，他们在流逝的岁月里采用的是固定的态度和观点，不想通过学习进步，可知划线短语的意思是“无兴趣学习的人”，故答案为Do

53.C推理判断题根据第四段中我们在自己专业的领域里取得成功，然后深陷其中，没有什么使我们吃惊，我们也没有惊奇的意识，即指我们失去了好奇心但后一句说，如果我们愿意学习的话，我们还有机会成功暗含的意思就是如果我们有好奇心的话，我们就有机会获得成功，故答案为C

54.D推理判断题作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要学会不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等方法，可知第5段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法去对待生活故答案为D

55.A主旨大意题根据文章的主要内容，作者通过一个例子引出他的主题一个人如何过一个有意义的成年人生活作者为我们提供了一些指导，要有动力，要有好奇心，要用适当的方式去生活等，故答案为Ao

4.B【2018?天津卷】When I was17,1read amagazine articleabout a museum calledthe McNay,once thehome ofa watercoloristnamed MarianMcNay.She hadrequested thecommunity toturn itinto amuseum uponher death.On asunny Saturday,Sally andI droveover tothe museum.She asked,n Doyou havethe addressNo,but Illrecognize it,there wasa pictureinthemagazine.n Oh,stop.There itis!”The museumwas free.We entered,excited.A groupofpeoplesitting inthe hallstopped talkingand staredat us.May Ihelp youamanasked.No,I said.Were fine.Tour guidesgot onmy nerves.Whatifthey talkeda longtime abouta paintingyou werentthat interestedin Sallyhad goneupstairs.The peopleinthe hall seemedvery nosy（爱窥探的），keeping theireyes onmewithcuriosity.What was their problemI sawsome nicesculptures inone room.Suddenly Isensed aman standingbehind me.Where do you thinkyou are”he asked.I turnedsharply.n The McNay ArtMuseum!n Hesmiled,shaking hishead.H Sorry,the McNayis onNew BraunfelsStreet.”Whats thisplace”I asked,still confused.Well,ifs ourhome.My heartjolted（震颤）.I racedtothestaircase andcalled out,n Sally!Come downimmediately!n“Theres somereally goodstuff（艺术作品）up there/*She steppeddown,looking confused.I pushedher towardthe frontdoor,waving atthe family,saying,H Sorry,please forgiveus,you havea reallynice place.n Outside,when Itold Sallywhat happened,she coveredher mouth,laughing.She couldn*t believehow longthey letus lookaround withoutsaying anything.The real McNay wassplendid,but wefelt nervousthe wholetime wewere there.Van Gogh,Picasso.This time,we stayedtogether,in caseanything elseunusual happened.Thirty yearslater,a womanapproached mein apublic place.Excuse me,did youever entera residence,long ago,thinking it wastheMcNay Museum1Yes.But howdoyouknow Wenever toldanyone.H“That wasmy home.Iwasa teenagersitting inthehall.Before youcame over,T neverrealized whata beautifulplace Ilived in.I neverfelt luckybefore.You thoughtitwasamuseum.My feelingsabout myhome changedafter that.Ive alwayswanted tothank you.*

44.Why didthe authordescribe therealMcNaymuseum injust afew wordsA.The real museum lackedenough artworkto interesther.B.She wastoo upsetto spendmuch timeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywas disappointingcompared withthe house.D.The eventhappening inthe housewas moresignificant.【答案】

44.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文文章作者和朋友原想参观NcNay博物馆，到了之后，参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪地看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成NcNay博物馆30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽

44.写作方法题根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成NcNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的NcNay博物馆叙述一带而过故选D

5.[2012?全国卷I,D]Grown-ups areoften surprisedby howwell theyremember somethingthey learnedas childrenbut havenever practicedever since.A manwho hasnot hada chancetogoswimming foryears canstill swimas wellas everwhenhegets backinthewater.He canget ona bicycleafter manyyears andstill rideaway.He canplay catchand hita ballaswellas hisson.A motherwho hasnot thoughtaboutthewords foryears canteach herdaughter thepoem thatbegins Twinkle,twinkle,little staror rememberthestoryof Cinderellaor GoldilocksandtheThree Bears.One explanationisthelaw of overlearning,which canbe statedas follows:Once wehave learnedsomething,additional learningtrials（类试）increase thelength oftime wewill rememberit.In childhoodwe usuallycontinuetopractice suchskills asswimming,bicycle riding,and playingbaseball longafter wehave learnedthem.We continueto listento andremind ourselvesof wordssuch asTwinkle,twinkle,little star1and childhoodtales suchas Cinderellaand Goldilocks.We notonly learnbut overlearn.The multiplicationtables（乘法口诀表）are anexception tothe generalrule that we forgetrather quicklythe thingsthatwelearn inschool,because theyare anotherof the thingsweoverlearn inchildhood.The law ofoverlearningexplains whycramming（突击学习）for anexamination,though itmay resultinapassing grade,isnota satisfactoryway tolearn acollege course.By cramming,a studentmay learnthe subjectwell enoughtogetby onthe examination,but heis likelysoon toforget almosteverything helearned.A littleoverlearning,ontheother hand,is reallynecessary forones futuredevelopment.

68.The authorexplains thelawofover learningby.A.presenting researchfindings B.setting downgeneral rulesC.making acomparison D.using examples【答案】

68.D【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记住儿时学过的东西作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知作者采用了举例子的说明方法比如practice suchskills asswimming,bicycle riding,and playingbaseball longafter wehave learnedthem和The multiplicationtables（乘法口诀表）are anexception tothe generalrule thatwe forgetrather quicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,because theyare anotherofthethingsweoverlearn inchildhood.。