2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点7--推理判断之写作目的--练高考--心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

7..推理判断之写作目的一练高考一心中有数

1.B【2022?新高考I卷】Like mostof us,I tryto bemindful of food thatgoes towaste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was tomake anice greensalad,rounding outa roastchicken dinner.But Iended upworking late.Then friendscalled with a dinnerinvitation.I stuckthe chickenin thefreezer.But asdays passed,the arugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In aworld wherenearly800million peoplea yeargo hungry,food wastegoes againstthe moralgrain Jas ElizabethRoyte writesin thismonths coverstory.Its jaw-dropping how much perfectlygood foodis thrownaway-from“ugly”（but quiteeatable）vegetables rejectedby grocersto largeamounts ofuneaten dishesthrown into restaurant garbagecans.Producing food that noone eatswastes thewater,fuel,and otherresources usedto growit.That makesfood wastean environmentalproblem.In fact,Royte writes,if food waste werea country,it wouldbe thethird largestproducer ofgreenhouse gasesin theworld.”If thatshard tounderstand,lets keepit assimple asthe arugulaat theback ofmy refrigerator.Mike Curtinsees myarugula storyall thetime-but forhim,its morelike12bones ofdonated strawberriesnearing theirlast days.Curtin isCEO ofDC CentralKitchen inWashington,D.C.,which recoversfood andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit recoveredmore than807,500pounds offood bytaking donationsand collectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and freezeor drythem for use inmeals downthe road.Such methodsseem obvious,yet sooften wejust dontthink.Everyone canplay apart inreducing waste,whether bynot purchasingmore foodthan necessaryin yourweekly shoppingor by asking restaurantsto notinclude theside dishyou wonteat JCurtin says.

4.What doesthe authorwant toshow bytelling the arugula storyA.We paylittle attention to foodwaste.B.We wastefood unintentionallyat times.C.We wastemore vegetablesthan meat.D.We havegood reasonsfor wastingfood.

5.What is a consequenceoffoodwaste accordingto thetest A.Moral decline.B.Environmental harm.C.Energy shortage.D.Worldwide starvation.

6.What doesCurtins companydo A.It produceskitchen equipment.

8.It turnsrotten arugulainto cleanfuel.C.It helpslocal farmersgrow fruits.D.It makesmeals out of unwantedfood.

7.What doesCurtin suggestpeople doA.Buy onlywhat isneeded.

8.Reduce foodconsumption.C.Go shoppingonce aweek.D.Eat inrestaurants lessoften.【答案】

4.B

5.B

6.D

7.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力you areat thismoment.

51.In writingParagraph1,the authoraims to.A.propose adefinition B.make acomparison C?reach aconclusion D.present anargument【答案】

51.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素――好奇心和不满足

51.推理判断题根据第一段内容After yearsof observinghuman nature,I havedecided thattwo qualitiesmake thedifference betweenmen ofgreat achievementand men of averageperformance curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstandingman wholacked either.And I have never known anaverage man who hadboth.The twobelong together.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点故选D

10.D【2020?江苏卷】I wasin themiddle of the Amazon（亚马逊）with mywife,who wasthere as a medicalresearcher.We flewon asmall planeto afaraway village.We did not speakthe locallanguage,did not know thecustoms,and more often than not,didnotentirely recognizethe food.We couldnot havefelt moreforeign.We wereraised onbooks andcomputers,highways andcell phones,but nowwe wereliving in a villagewithout runningwater orelectricity Itwas easyforus to goto sleepat theend of the dayfeeling alittle misunderstood.Then oneperfect Amazonianevening,with monkeyscalling frombeyond thevillage green,we playedsoccer.I amnot goodat soccer,but thatevening it was wonderful.Everyone knewthe rules.We allspoke the same languageof passesand shots.We understoodone anotherperfectly.As darknesscame overthe fieldand thematch ended,the goalkeeper,Juan,walked overto meand saidin amatter-of-fact way,“In yourhome,do youhave amoon too”I wassurprised.After Iexplained toJuan thatyes,we didhave amoon andyes,itwasvery similarto his,I felta sort of awe（敬畏）at thepossibilities thatexisted inhis world.In Juansworld,each villagecould haveits ownmoon.In Juansworld,the unknownand undiscoveredwas vastand marvelous.Anything waspossible.In oursociety,we know that Earthhas onlyone moon.We havelooked atour planetfrom everyangle andfound allof thewildest thingsleft tofind.I can,from mycomputer athome,pull upsatellite imagesof Juansvillage.There areno morecontinents andno moremoons tosearch for,little leftto discover.At leastit seemsthat way.Yet,as Ithought aboutJuans question,I wasnot surehowmuch more wecould reallyrule out.I am,in part,an antbiologist,so mythoughts turnedto whatwe knowabout insectlife andI knewthat muchin theworld ofinsects remainsunknown.How much,though Howignorant（无知的）are weThe questionof whatwe knowand donotknowconstantly botheredme.I began collecting newspaper articles about new species,new monkey,new spider...,and on and on they appear.My drawerquickly filled.I begana seconddrawer formore generaldiscoveries:new cavesystem discoveredwith dozensof namelessspecies,four hundredspecies ofbacteria foundin thehuman stomach.The seconddrawer began to filland asit didI wonderedwhether therewere biggerdiscoveries out there,not justspecies,but lifethat dependson thingsthought to be useless,life evenwithout DNA.I starteda thirddrawer for these bigdiscoveries.It fillsmore slowly,but all thesame,it fills.In lookinginto the stories ofbiological discovery,I alsobegantofind somethingelse,a collectionof scientists,usually brilliantoccasionally half-mad,who madethe discoveries.Those scientistsvery oftensee thesame thingsthatotherscientists see,but theypay moreattention to them,and theyfocus on them to the pointof exhaustion（穷尽），and at the riskof theridicule of their peers.In lookingfor thestories ofdiscovery,I foundthestoriesof thesepeople andhow theirlives changedour viewof theworld.We arerepeatedly willingto imaginewe havefound mostof whatis leftto discover.We usedto thinkthat insectswere thesmallest organisms（生物），and that nothing liveddeeper thansix hundredmeters.Yet,when somethingnew turnsup,moreoftenthannot,we donot evenknow itsname.

68.What wasthe authorsinitial purposeof collectingnewspaper articlesA.To sortout whatwe haveknown.B?To deepenhis researchinto Amazonians.C.To improvehis reputation as abiologist.D.To learnmore aboutlocal cultures.【答案】

68.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的

68.推理判断题根据第七段力begancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,new spider...,and onand on they appear,my drawerquickly filled,I begana seconddrawer formore generaldiscoveries:new cavesystem discoveredwith dozensof namelessspecies...I starteda thirddrawer for these bigdiscoveries.“可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种.……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情故选A项

69.B推理判断题根据文章第一段中的“Like mostof us,I tryto bemindful offoodthatgoes towaste.（像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物）”及But asdays passed,thearugulawent bad.Even worse,I hadunthinkingly boughtway toomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉）“可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物故选Bo

70.B细节理解题根据文章第三段中的“Producing foodthatnoone eatswastes thewater,fuel,and other,resources usedto growit.That makesfoodwastean environmentalproblem.In fact,Royte writes,“if foodwaste werea country,it wouldbe thethird largestproducer ofgreenhouse gasesin theworld.”（生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国”）“可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害故选B

71.D细节理解题根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin isCEO ofDC CentralKitchen inWashington.DC,which recoversfood andturns itinto healthymeals.Last yearit recoveredmore than807,500pounds offood bytaking donationsand collectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce,that otherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.And the strawberries Volunteerswill wash,cut,and freezeor drythem foruse inmeals downthe road.（科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用广可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物故选D

72.A细节理解题根据最后一段中的“Everyone canplay apart inreducing waste,whether bynot purchasingmore foodthan necessaryin yourweekly shoppingor by asking restaurantsto notinclude theside dishyou wonteat JCurtin says.（“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，“科廷说）”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物故选Ao

2.C【

2021.英语全国甲卷】When I was9,we packedup ourhome inLos Angelesand arrivedat Heathrow,London ona grayJanuary morning.Everyone in the familysettled quicklyinto thecity exceptme.Without mybeloved beachesand endlessblue-sky days,I feltat aloss andout ofplace.Until Imade adiscovery.Southbank,at aneastern bendin theThames,is thecenter ofBritish skateboarding,where thecontinuous crashingof skateboardsleft yourhead ringingJ lovedit.I soonmade friendswith thelocal skaters.We spokeour ownlanguage.And myfavorite:Safe.Safe meantcooL It meant hello.Itmeantdont worryabout it.Once,when tryinga certaintrick onthe beam（横杆），I fellonto thestones,damaging anerve inmy hand,and Tobycame over,helping meup:Safe,man.Safe.A fewminutes later,when Ilanded thetrick,my friendsbeat theirboards loud,shouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!”And thafswhat mattered-landing tricks,being agood skater.When Iwas15,my familymoved toWashington.I triedskateboarding there,but thelocals werefar lesswelcoming.Within acouple ofyears,Id givenit up.When Ireturned toLondon in2004,1found myselfwandering downto Southbank,spending hoursthere.Fve traveledback severaltimes since,most recentlythis pastspring.The daywas coldbut clear:tourists andLondoners stoppedto watchthe skaters.Weaving（穿梭）among thekids whorushed byon theirboards,I foundmy way to the beam.Then arail―thin teenager,in abaggy whiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）up to thebeam.He satnext tome.He seemednot tonotice theman nextto him.But soonI caughta fewof hisglances.Iwas a localhere20years agoJ I told him.Then,slowly,he beganto nodhis head.Safe,man.Safe.^“Yeah JI said.“Sa能

10.Why didthe authorlike tospend time in Southbankwhen he returned toLondon A.To jointhe skateboarding.B.To makenew friends.C.To learnmore tricks.D.To relivehis childhooddays【答案】

1.D【解析】本文属于记叙文本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感

10.推理判断题根据第四段T was a localhere20years ago/Itoldhim.Then,slowly,he beganto nodhis head.Safe,man.Safe.（我告诉他“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头“嗨，你好！“广可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D

3.C【

2021.全国高考乙卷】Youve heardthat plasticis pollutingthe oceans-between

4.8and

12.7million tonnesenter oceanecosystems everyyear.But doesone plasticstraw orcup reallymake adifference ArtistBenjamin Von Wong wantsyou toknow thatit does.He buildsmassive sculpturesout of plastic garbage,forcing viewersto re-examine theirrelationship tosingle-use plasticproducts.At thebeginning of the year,the artistbuilt a piece called“StrawpocalypseJ apair of10-foot-tall plasticwaves,frozen mid-crash.Made of168,000plastic strawscollected fromseveral volunteerbeach cleanups,the sculpturemade itsfirst appearanceat theEstella Placeshopping centerin HoChi MinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%of globalplastic wasteis recycled.Plastic strawsare byno meansthe biggestsource（来源）of plasticpollution,but theyverecently comeunder firebecause mostpeople dontneed themto drinkwith and,because of their smallsize andweight,they cannotbe recycled.Every strawthats partof Von Wongs artworklikely camefrom adrink thatsomeone usedfor only a fewminutes.Once thedrink isgone,thestrawwill takecenturies todisappear.In apiece from2018,Von Wongwanted toillustrate（说明）a specificstatistic:Every60seconds,a truckloadsworth ofplastic entersthe ocean.For this work,titled Truckload of Plastic,“Von Wongand agroup ofvolunteers collectedmore than10,000pieces ofplastic,which werethen tiedtogether tolook liketheyd beendumped（彳顷彳到）from atruck allat once.Von Wonghopes thathisworkwill alsohelp pressurebig companiesto reducetheir plasticfootprint.

28.What areVon Wongs artworks intendedfor A.Beautifying thecity helives in.B.Introducing eco-friendly products.C.Drawing publicattentiontoplastic waste.D.Reducing garbageonthebeach.

29.Why doesthe authordiscuss plasticstraws in paragraph3A.To show the difficultyof theirrecycling.B.To explainwhy theyare useful.C.To voicehis viewson modernart.D.To finda substitutefor them.【答案】

28.C

29.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin VonWong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系此外他在2018的一件作品“TruckloadofPlastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋VonWong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识

28.推理判断题根据第一段But doesone plasticstraw orcup reallymake adifference ArtistBenjamin VonWong wantsyou toknowthatit does.He buildsmassive sculpturesoutofplastic garbage,forcing viewerstore-examine theirrelationship tosingle-use plasticproducts.（但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明?冯?王（Benjamin VonWong）想让你知道，它确实如此他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系户可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注故选C项

29.推理判断题根据第三段“Just9%of globalplastic wasteis recycled.Plastic strawsare byno meansthe biggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,but theyverecently comeunder firebecause mostpeople dontneed themto drinkwith and,because of their smallsize andweight,they cannotbe recycled.Every strawthafs partof VonWongsartworklikely camefrom adrink thatsomeone usedfbr onlya fewminutes.Once thedrink isgone,thestrawwill takecenturies todisappear.（全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用冯,王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要儿个世纪才能消失广可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难故选A项

4.D【2021?全国新高考I卷】Popularization hasin somecases changedthe originalmeaning of emotional（情感的）intellingence.Many peoplenow misunderstandemotional intelligenceas almosteverything desirablein apersons makeupthat cannotbe measuredby anIQ test,such ascharacter,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism andpeople skills.Research hasshown thatemotional skillsmay contributeto someof thesequalities,but mostof themmove farbeyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We preferto describeemotional intelligenceasaspecific setof skillsthat canbe usedfor eithergood orbad purposes.The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeeling may be usedbyadoctor tofind howbest to help herpatients,while acheater mightuse it to controlpotential victims.Being emotionallyintelligent doesnot necessarilymake onea moralperson.Although popularbeliefs regardingemotional intelligencerun farahead ofwhat researchcan reasonablysupport,the overalleffects ofthe publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful.The mostpositive aspectof thispopularization isa newand muchneeded emphasis（重视）on emotionby employers,educators and others interested in promotingsocial well-being.The popularizationof emotionalintelligence hashelped boththe publicand researchersre-evaluate thefunctionality ofemotions andhow theyserve peopleadaptively ineveryday life.Although thecontinuing popularappeal of emotionalintelligenceis desirable,we hopethat suchattention willexcite agreater interestinthescientific andscholarly studyofemotion.It isour hopethat incoming decades,advances inscience will offer newperspectives（视角）from whichto studyhow peoplemanage theirlives.Emotional intelligence,with itsfocus onboth headand heart,may serveto pointus inthe rightdirection.

33.Why doesthe authormention doctor”and“cheater“inparagraph2A.To explaina rule.B.To clarifya concept.C.To presenta fact.D.To makea prediction.

34.What isthe authorsattitude tothe popularizationof emotionalintelligence A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.【答案】

33.B

34.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望

33.推理判断题通过文章第二段“The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeeling maybe usedbyadoctor tofind howbest tohelp herpatients,while acheater mightuse itto controlpotential victims.（医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者广可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点――情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人故选B项

34.推理判断题通过文章第三段the overalleffects ofthe publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful....The popularizationofemotionalintelligence hashelped boththe publicand researchers（宣传的,总体效果一直是利大于弊这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员广可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的故选A项

5.D【2021?全国新高考n卷】An Australianprofessor isdeveloping a robot to monitor thehealth ofgrazing cattle,a developmentthat couldbring bigchanges to a professionthats reliedlargely ona low-tech approachfor decadesbut isfacing alabor shortage.Salah Sukkarieh,a professorattheUniversity ofSydney,sees robotsas necessarygiven howcattlemen areaging.He isbuilding afour-wheeled robotthat willrun onsolar andelectric power.It willuse camerasand sensorstomonitorthe animals.A computersystem willanalyze thevideo todetermine whethera cowis sick.Radio tags（标签）ontheanimals willmeasure temperaturechanges.The qualityof grasslandwill betracked bymonitoring theshape,color andtexture（质地）of grass.That way,cattlemen willknow whetherthey need to movetheir cattleto anotherfield fornutrition purposes.Machines havelargely takenover planting,watering andharvesting cropssuch ascom andwheat,but themonitoring ofcattle hasgone throughfewer changes.For Texascattleman Pete Bonds,its increasinglydifficult tofind workersinterestedinwatching cattle.But Bondsdoesnt believea robotis rightfor thejob.Years ofexperience inthe industry-and failedattempts touse technology-have convincedhim thatthe bestway tocheck cattleis witha manonahorse.Bonds,who boughthis firstcattle almost50years ago,still haseach ofhis cowboysinspect300or400cattle dailyand lookfor signsthat ananimal isgetting sick.Other cattlemensee morepromise inrobots.Michael KelseyParis,vice presidentoftheOklahoma CattlemensAssociation,said arobot couldbe extremelyuseful givenrising concernsabout cattletheft.Cattle tendto bekept inremote placesand theirvalue hasrisen,making themappealing targets.

14.Why doesPeteBondsstill hirecowboys towatch cattleA.He wantstohelpthem earna living.B.He thinksmen cando thejob better.C.He isinexperienced inusing robots.D.He enjoysthe traditionalway oflife.【答案】

14.B【解析】这是一篇说明文文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况

14.推理判断题根据文章第四段“But Bondsdoesnt believearobotis rightfbr thejob.Years ofexperience inthe industry-and failedattempts touse technology-have convincedhim thatthe bestwaytocheck cattleis witha manonahorse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作多年的行业经验一一以及使用技术的失败尝试――使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上）“可知，皮特?邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好故选B

6.D【2021?北京卷】Early fifth-century philosopherSt.Augustine famouslywrote thathe knewwhat timewas unlesssomeone askedhim.Albert Einsteinadded anotherwrinkle when he theorizedthat timevaries dependingon where you measureit.Todays state-of-the-art atomic（原子的）clocks haveproven Einsteinright.Even advancedphysics cantdecisively tellus whattime is,because theanswer dependsonthequestion youreasking.Forget abouttime asan absolute.What if,instead ofconsidering timein termsof astronomy,we relatedtime toecology What if weallowed environmentalconditions toset thetempo（节奏）of humanlife Wereincreasingly aware ofthe fact that we cant control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizingthat weneed tomoderate（调节）our actionsif wehope tolive inbalance.What ifour definitionof timereflected thatRecently,I conceptualizeda newapproach totimekeeping thatsconnected tocircumstances onour planet,conditions thatmight changeasaresult ofglobal warming.WeYe nowbuilding aclock atthe AnchorageMuseum thatreflects thetotal flowof severalmajor Alaskanrivers,which aresensitive tolocal andglobal environmentalchanges.Weve programmedittomatch anatomic clockif thewaterways continueto flowat theirpresent rate.If the rivers runfaster inthe futureon average,the clockwill getahead ofstandard time.If theyrun slower,youll seethe oppositeeffect.The clockregisters bothshort-term irregularitiesand long-term trendsin riverdynamics.Its asortofobservatory thatreveals howtheriversare behavingfrom theirown temporalframe（时间框架），and allowsus towitness thosechanges onour smartwatchesor phones.Anyone whoopts togo onAlaska MeanRiver Timewill live in harmonywith theplanet.Anyone whoconsiders river timeinrelation to atomic timewill encountera majorimbalance andmaybemotivated tocounteract itby consumingless fuelor supportinggreener policies.Even ifthis methodof timekeepingis novelin itsparticulars,early agriculturalsocieties alsoconnected time to naturalphenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,peoplecorrected^official calendarsby shiftingdates forwardor backwardto reflectthe changeof season.Temporal connectiontotheenvironment wasvital totheir survival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeeping systemswere developingmay encourageenvironmental awareness.When St.Augustine admittedhis inabilityto definetime,he highlightedone of times mostnoticeable qualitiesTime becomesmeaningful onlyinadefined context.Any timekeepingsystem isvalid,and eachis aspraiseworthy asits purpose.

32.The authorraises threequestions inParagraph2mainly to.A.present anassumption B.evaluate anargument C.highlight anexperiment D.introduce anapproach【答案】

32.D【解析】本文是议论文文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境

32.推理判断题根据第二段的WeTe increasinglyawareofthefactthat wecan*tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,and realizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）our actionsif wehope toliveinbalance.（我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动）”进而提出问题“What ifour definitionoftimereflected that（如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢）”,结合前两个问题“Whatif,instead ofconsidering timein termsof astronomy,we relatedtimetoecology Whatif weallowed environmentalconditions toset thetempo（节奏）of humanlife（如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢厂可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法故选D项

7.C【

2020.全国新高考I山东卷】In themid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught Englishasavolunteer inUzbekistan.He leftafter sevenmonths,physically brokenand havinglost hismind.A fewyears later,still attractedtothecountry,hereturnedto Uzbekistanto writean articleabout thedisappearance ofthe AralSea.His visit,however,ended upinvolving alot morethan that.Hence thisbook,Chasing theSea:Lost Amongthe Ghostsof Empirein CentralAsia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millionsof liveshave beendestroyed bythe slowdrying upofthesea.It isthe storyof anAmerican travellingtoa strange land,and ofthe peoplehe meetson his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old whopicked uphis colorfulEnglish inCalifornia,Oleg andNatasha,his hostsin Tashkent,and astring offoreign aidworkers.This isa quicklook atlife inUzbekistan,made offriendliness andwarmth,but alsoits darkerside ofsociety.In Samarkand,Mr Bisselladmires thearchitectural wonders,while onhiswayto Bukharahe getsa tasteof policemethods whensuspected ofdrug dealing.In Ferghana,he attendsa mountainfuneral（葬礼）followed byastrangedrinking party.And inKarakalpakstan,he issaddened bythe duststorms,diseases andfishing boatsstuck milesfrom thesea.Mr Bissellskillfully organizeshistorical insightsand culturalreferences,making histale awell-rounded pictureof Uzbekistan,seen fromWestern eyes.His judgmentand referencesare decidedlyAmerican,as wellas hisdelicate stomach.As theauthor explains,this isneither a travel nora historybook,or evenapieceof reportage.Whatever itis,the resultisafine andvivid descriptionofthepurest ofCentral Asiantraditions.

11.What isthe purposeof thistext A.To introducea book.B.To explaina culturalphenomenon.C.To remembera writer.D.To recommendatraveldestination.【答案】IL A【解析】本文是记叙文文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察

11.推理判断题文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书故选A

8.A【

2020.天津卷】How toUse aModern PublicLibrary Hasit beena whilesince yourlast visittoapublic libraryIf so,you maybe surprisedto learnthat librarieshave changedfbr thebetter.Its beenyears sincethey weredusty littlerooms withbooks.They havetransformed themselvesinto placeswhere you can developyour loveof knowledgemeet interestingpeople,or findout howto starta business.Check outa book.While librariesstill loanout（出借）books,youll findit easierto geta copyof whateveryoure lookingfor,thanks toa cooperativenetwork ofarea libraries.Via suchnetworks,libraries sharetheir bookswith eachother throughthe useof deliveryvehicles.Once thebook youverequested isdelivered tothe nearestbranch,they willinform youby e-mail,so youcan pickit up.Check outother items.The libraryis nowa multimediazone,loaded withinformation inmany formats（载体形式）.You canborrow movieson DVDs,music onCDs,and popular magazines.Some librarieseven loanout toysand games.If apopularmagazineyou wantisnt offeredand thelibrary keepsa listof suchrequests,they maybring itin whenenough interestis shown.Join targetedreading groups.Libraries willoften holdreading-group sessionstargeted tovarious agegroups.Perhaps youdlike to learn a language orimprove yourEnglish.The librarymay sponsoralanguagegroup youcould join.If youhave difficultiesreading,ask aboutspecial readingopportunities.Your librarymight beable toaccommodate you.And youmight findit relaxingto bringyour smallkid toa half-hour StoryTime whileyou sitquietly ina comerwithagood book.Start a business usingthe helpof your local library.If youwant tohave abusiness of your own,yourlocal library canbecome alaunch spacefor it.In librarybooks andcomputers,youcanfind informationon startingabusiness.Many librarieswill helpyou withlocally suppliedinformation aboutbusiness managementshared throughchambers ofcommerce（商会）and governmentagencies,and theywillofferprinting,faxing anddatabase servicesyou need.

40.What isthe purposeofthepassage A.To pointouttheimportance ofpublic libraries.B,To encouragepeople towork inpublic libraries.C.To introducethe improvedservices ofpublic libraries.D.To callforthemodernization ofpublic librarysystems.【答案】

40.C【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了如何使用改造升级后现代公共图书馆

40.推理判断题根据文章标题How toUse aModern PublicLibrary（如何使用一个现代公共图书馆）和第一段中的“you maybe surprisedtolearnthat librarieshave changedforthebetter.They havetransformed themselvesinto placeswhereyoucan developyour loveof knowledgemeet interestingpeople,or findout howto startabusiness.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）再结合几个小标题Check outa book（借一本书）；Check outother items（借其他物品）；Join targetedreading groups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Start abusiness usingthe helpofyourlocallibrary（在当地图书馆的帮助下创业）可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务故选C

9.D【2020?天津卷】After yearsof observinghuman nature,I havedecided thattwo qualitiesmake thedifference betweenmenofgreat achievementand menof averageperformance curiosity and discontent.Ihaveneverknownan outstandingmanwholacked either.And Ihaveneverknownanaverage manwho hadboth.The twobelong together.Together,these deephuman urges（马区策力）count formuchmorethat ambition.Galileo wasnot merelyambitious whenhe droppedobjects ofvarying weightsfrom theLeaning Towerat Pisaand timedtheir falltotheground.Like Galileo,allthegreat namesin historywere curiousand askedin discontent,Why WhyWhy”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontent donthave tobe learned.We areborn withthem andneed onlyrecapture them.“The greatman9,,said Mencius（孟子）,“is hewho doesnot losehis childsheart.Yet mostof usdo loseit We stop askingquestions.Westopchallenging custom.We justfollow thecrowd.And thecrowd desiresrestful average.It encouragesustooccupy ourown littlecorner,to avoidfoolish leapsinto thedark,tobesatisfied.Most ofus meetnew people,and newideas,with hesitation.But oncehaving metand likedthem,we thinkhow terribleit wouldhave been,had wemissed thechance.We willprobably haveto forceourselves towaken ourcuriosityanddiscontent andkeep themawake.How shouldyou startModestly,so asnot tobecome discouraged.I thinkof onefriend whocouldnt arrangeflowers tosatisfy herself.She wascurious abouthowtheexperts didit.How sheis oneoftheexperts,writing bookson flowerarrangement.One wayto beginis toanswer yourown excuses.You haventany specialability Mostpeople dont;there areonlyafew geniuses.You haventany timeThats good,because itsalways thepeople withno timewho getthings done.Harriet Stowe,mother ofsix,wrote partsof UncleTom sCabin whilecooking.Youre tooold Rememberthat ThomasCostain was57whenhepublished hisfirst novel,and thatGrandma Mosesshowed herfirst pictureswhen shewas

78.However youstart,remember thereis nobetter timeto startthan rightnow,for youllnever bemore alivethan。