2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点3--细节理解之细节排序题--练高考心中有数（教师版）

2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点考点

3..细节理解之细节排序题..练高考?.心中有教

1.（2014年，四川卷）A schoolgirlsaved her fathers lifeby kickinghim in the chest after hesuffered a serious allergic（过敏的）reaction whichstopped his heart.Izzy,nine,restarted fatherColms heartby stamping（踩）on his chest afterhe felldown at home andstopped breathing.Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately called999but Izzyknew doctorswould neverarrive intime tosave her father,so decidedto useCPR.However,she quicklydiscovered herarms werentstrong enough,so shestamped on herfather^chest instead.Debbie thentook overwith somemore conventionalchest compressions（按压）until theambulance arrived.Izzy,who hasbeen givena braveryaward byher school,said:I justkicked himreally hard.My mumtaught meCPR butI knewI wasntstrong enoughto usehands.I wasquite scared.The doctorsaid Imight aswell be a doctoror anurse.My mumsaid thatDad wasgoing to hospital with a bigfootprint on hischest.”“Shes alittle star,“said Debbie,“I wasreally upsetbut Izzyjust tookover.I justcant believewhat shedid.I reallythink allchildren should be taughtfirst aid.Izzy didCPR thenthe doctorturned up.Colm hadto havemore treatmenton theway to the hospitaland wevegot tosee anexpert.^^Truck driverColm,35,suffered amystery allergicreaction onSaturday and was taken tohospital,but wassent homeonly forit tohappen again the nextday.The second attack wasso seriousthat his airway swelled,preventing himfrom breathing,his bloodpressure droppedsuddenly,and hisheart stoppedfor amoment.He hasnow made a fullrecovery fromhis suffering.

1.Izzy kickedherfatherin thechest A.to expressher helplessnessB.to practiseCPR onhim C.to keephim awake D.to restarthisheart

2.Whats theright order of the events

①Izzy kickedColm.

②Debbie called

999.

③Izzy learnedCPR.

④Colms heartstopped.A.3124B.4231C.3421D.

43123.What doesParagraph8mainly talkabout A.What Colmsuffered.B?Colms presentcondition.C.What causedColms allergy.D.Symptoms ofColms allergicreaction.

4.Why doesthe authorwrite thenews A.To describe a seriousaccident.B.To provethe importanceof CPR.C.To reporta9-year-old girlsbrave act.A.His personal tragedies.B.Smoking less.C.His passionfor marathon.D.His healthylifestyle.

58.What canbeasuitable titlefor thetext A.Fauja SinghTurs109B.A LifelongRunner C.The Birthof aBollywood SuperstarD.A CentenarianRunner【答案】BCDD【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章主耍讲述了现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯文章介绍了他的个人经历和长寿原因

55.细节理解题根据第一段Fauja Singh,109,who brokemarathon recordsand wascalled SupermarTbefore hanging up his running shoes six years ago,will be the subjectof aBollywood film,Fauja,tracing hisremarkable career.（现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯）“可知，Fauja Singh是一部电影的灵感来源故选B

56.细节理解题根据第二段中“After aseries ofpersonal tragediesincluding thedeaths of his wifeand twoof hischildren,he returnedto hisformer passionin hiseighties.（在经历了一系列的个人悲剧，包括他的妻子和两个孩子的死亡后，他在80多岁时重拾了他以前的激情）”；第三段中“He movedto theUK soonafter andnow livesin Lyford,east London.（不久之后，他搬到了英国，现在住在伦敦东部的Lyfdrd）；“In2011,when heturned100,Mr.Singh seteight world records in a day.（2011年Singh100岁生日时，他在一天内创造了八项世界纪录）”以及第四段中“Mr.Singh retiredfrom competitiverunning in2013but continuedjogging forpleasure.（2013年，Singh退出了长跑比赛，但仍以慢跑为乐广可知，事件顺序为

④①③②故选C

57.细节理解题根据第四段中“When askedabout thesecret oflongevity heowed itto avegetarian dietand avoidingsmoking,alcohol andfried food.（当被问及长寿的秘诀时，他把它归功于素食和避免吸烟、喝酒和油炸食品厂可知，Singh先生长寿的原因是他健康的生活方式故选D

58.主旨大意题根据第――段“Fauja Singh,109,who brokemarathon recordsand wascalled“Superman before hangingup hisrunning shoessix yearsago,will bethe subjectof aBollywood film,Fauja,tracing hisremarkable career.（现年109岁的Fauja Singh曾打破马拉松纪录，在6年前他挂上跑鞋之前就被称为“超人”，他将成为宝莱坞电影《华嘉》的主角，追溯他非凡的职业生涯）结合文章介绍了他的个人经历和长寿原因可知，D选项“一个百岁跑步者”最符合文章标题故选D

7.An eggsinks to the bottomif you drop itinto aglass ofordinary drinkingwater butwhat happensif youadd saltThe resultsare veryinteresting andcan teachyou somefun factsabout density（密度）.What youllneed*One egg*Water*Salt*A talldrinking glassInstructionsPour waterinto the glass untilit isabout halffull.Mix inlots ofsalt（about6tablespoons）.Carefully pourin plain water untilthe glassis nearlyfull（be carefulnot tomix the salt water with theplainwater）.Gently lower the egg into the water andwatch whathappens.Whafs happeningSalt wateris denserthan ordinarytap water.The denser the liquid is,the easierit isfor anobject to float init.When youlowerthe egginto the liquidit dropsthrough thenormal tap water untilit reachesthesalt water,and atthis pointthe wateris denseenough for the egg tofloat.If youwere carefulwhen youadded thetap waterto thesalt water,they wouldnot mix,enabling the egg to amazingly float in themiddle of the glass.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了鸡蛋放入盐水中的实验.过程

1.Which of the followingis theCORRECT order

①Mix inlots ofsalt.

②Gently lowerthe egginto the water.?Carefully pourin plainwater untilthe glassis nearlyfull.4Pour waterinto theglass untilit isabout halffull.A.

④②①③B.

④①③②C.

①④③②D.

③④①②【答案】B【解析】考查细节理解根据第三部分的Pour waterinto theglass untilit isabout halffull/和Gently lowtheegginto thewater andwatch whathappens「可知,往杯子里倒半杯水是第一个步骤，而轻轻把鸡蛋放委水里，观察结果是最后一个步骤，故选B

2.What willhappen ifyoudropan egginto aglass ofwaterwith about6tablespoons ofsalt A.It willfloat in thewater.B.It willsink to the bottom.C.Nothing willhappen.D.The resultis notknown.【答案】A【解析】考查推理判断根据第四部分中的,Fie denserthe liquidthe easierit isfor anobject tofloat:it「和最后一句If youwere carefulwhen youadded thetap waterto thesalt waterthey wouldnot mix,enabling theeggtoamazingly float in themiddle of theglass「可推知》鸡蛋放入盐水里会浮起来

3.Why cantheeggfloat in thewateraccording to the passageA.Because ordinarytap wateris denserthan saltwater.B?Because ordinarytap wateris asdense assaltwater.C.Because thedenserthe liquidis,the easierit isfor anobject tofloat init.D.Because themore theliquid thereis,the easierit isfor anobject tofloatinit.【答案】C【解析】［考查细节理解根据最后一部分中的“Salt wateris denserthan ordinarytapwater.The densertheliquidis,the easierit isfor anobject tofloatinit.”可知，液体的密度越大，物体越容易漂浮，而鸡蛋能够在盐水中浮起来是因为盐水的密度大，故选C D.To callpeoples attentionto allergicreaction.【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.C【解析】本文是记叙文作者主要讲述了9岁的小女孩Izzy当父亲心脏病发作时采取急救的事情Izzy的母亲曾经教给Izzy一些急救措施，当看到父亲心脏病发作的时候，她因为手的力气小，而用脚去踩父亲的胸口，以达到使心脏恢复跳动的目的机智勇敢的Izzy不仅救了父亲，而且还因此受到了学校的奖励

1.细节理解题根据文章第二段Izzy,nine,restarted fatherColms heartby stamping（踩）onhischestafterhe felldown at home andstopped breathing,可知，Izzy用脚踩父亲胸口的目的就是为了让他的心脏恢复跳动故选D2?细节理解题Izzy学会急救方法是最先发生的事情，之后是父亲晕倒之后，母亲去拨打了急救电话，而Izzy怕医生不能及时赶到，而又去对父亲采取了必要的急救措施故选C

3.主旨大意题在文章第八段中作者对Colm,也就是Izzy的父亲进行了介绍，这位卡车司机因病而住院接受治疗，然而在出院的第二天病症又次发生，以至于呼吸停止，由此可知本段内容主要讲述了Colm发病的事情故选A4,推理判断题在文章中作者主要讲述了当父亲发病，呼吸心脏停止的时候，Izzy采取急救行动救父亲的故事，通过这件事描写了小女孩Izzy的勇敢，而其他选项内容片面，不能反应文章的中心故选C

2.（2013?山东卷）You cantalways predicta heavyrain orremember yourumbrella.But designerMikhail Belyaevdoesnt think thatforgetting to check the weather forecastbefore headingout shouldresult inyou gettingwet.Thats whyh ecreated Lampbrella,a lamppost withits ownrain sensingumbrella.The designersays hecome upwith theidea afterwatching peopleget weton streetsin Russia.“Once,I wasdriving ona centralSaint Petersburgstreet andsaw thestreet lampslighting uppeople tryingto hidefrom the rain.I thought it would be appropriateto havea canopy（伞蓬）built intoa streetlamp/he said.The Lampbrellaisastandard-looking streetlamp fittedwith anumbrella canopy.It hasa built-in electricmo torwhich canopen orclose theumbrella ondemand.Sensors（传感器）then ensurethat theumbrella offerspedestrians shelterwhenever itstarts raining.In additionto therain sensor,theres alsoa360°motion sensoron thefiberglass streetlamp whichdetects whetheranyone isusing theLampbrella.After threeminutes of not beingused thecanopy isclosed.According tothe designer,the lampbrellawould moveat arelatively lowspeed,so asnot tocause harmtothe pedestrians.Besides,it wouldbe groundedto protectfrom possiblelighting strike.Each Lampbrellawould offeren oughshelter forseveral people.Being installedat2meters offthe ground,it wouldonly beadanger forthe tallestof pedestrians.While thereare noplans totake lampbrellainto production,Belyaev sayshe recentlyintroduced hiscreation oneMoscow Department,and insiststhis creation could be installed onmy streetwhere a lot ofpeoplewalk butth ereare nocanopies toprovide shelter.66?For whatpurpose didBelyaev createthe lampbrellaA.To predicta heavyrain B.To checktheweatherforecast C.To protectpeople from therainD.To remindpeople totake anumbrella

67.What dowe knowfrom Belyaevsworlds inParagraph!A.His creationwas inspired by anexperience B.it rainsalotin thecity ofSaint PetersburgC.Street lampsare protectedby canopiesD.He enjoyedtaking walksintherain

68.Which of the followingshow howthe lampbrellaworks A.motor―canopy―sensors B.Sensors―motor―canopy C.motor一sensors―canopy D.canopy一motor―sensors

69.What doesparagraph5mainly tellus about the lampbrellaA.Its movingspeed B.Its appearanceC.Its installationD.Its safety

70.What canbe inferredfrom the last paragraphA.The designerwill opena companyto promotehis productB.The lampbrella could beput intoimmediate productionC.The designeris confidentthat hiscreation ispractical D.The lampbrellawouldbeput onshow inMoscow

66.C考查细节理解根据第一段的最后两句可知，他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋

67.A考查推理判断根据第二段的内容可知，Belyaev在俄罗斯的一次下雨天的经历激发了他的灵感，发明了灯伞，所以选A

68.B考查细节理解根据文章的第三段内容可知，传感器可以感知雨水的降落，然后灯伞里的电动马达就会把伞打开，由此可知，其顺序为传感器一马达一伞篷

69.D考查推理判断第五段中提到几个关键词语不会对行人造成伤害，使行人免遭雷击，离地面两米,这些都是安全方面的问题

70.C考查推理判断根据最后一段中的Belyaev says...insists hiscreationcouldbeinstalledon anystreet可知，他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街上，这表明他认为他的发明很实用

3.After beatingbone cancer,Hayley Arceneauxthinks rocketinginto orbiton SpaceXs first private flight should be no problem at all.St.Jude ChildrensResearch Hospitalannounced the29-year-old doctorsassistant willrocket intospace laterthis year.Arceneaux,a formerpatient at St.Jude,will becomethe youngestAmerican inspace,beating NASArecord-holder SallyRide byover twoyears.She willtravel withbusinessman JaredIsaacman,who isusing the spaceflight hebought toraise moneyfor charity.Two otheryet-to-be-chosen spaceflyers willjoin them.Arceneaux will bethe first personto launchwithaprosthesis anartificial devicethat replacesa missingor injuredpart ofthe body.When shewas10,Arceneaux hadan operationat St.Jude toreplace herknee anda pieceof metalwas putin herleft leg.She stilllimps andhas occasionalleg pain.“My battlewith cancerreally preparedme fbrspace travelJ sherecently toldThe AssociatedPress.It mademe tough,and thenalso Ithink itreally taughtme toexpect the unexpected andgo alongfortheride.^^Arceneaux wantsto showher youngpatients andother cancersurvivors that“the skyis noteven thelimit anymore.Its going to meanso muchto thesekids tosee asurvivor inspace.she said.Isaacman announcedhis spaceflight onFebruary1,promising toraise$200million forSt.Jude.As theflights self-appointed commander,he offeredone ofthe fourseats aboardSpaceXs Dragonspacecraft toSt.Jude.The hospitalchose Arceneauxfrom amongits manyworkers whohad oncebeen patients.The ideawas thatone of them couldrepresent thenew generation,noted RickShadyac,president ofSt.Judes financingorganization.Arceneaux was athomein Memphis,Tennessee,when shegot a surprising callin January.She wasasked ifshe wouldrepresent St.Jude inspace.As alifelong spacefan wholoves adventures,Arceneaux hastraveled widelyand lovesroller coasters.Isaacman,who fliesfighter airplanesfor fun,considers hera perfectfit.The launchis plannedfor thisfall atNASAs KennedySpace Center,with thespacecraft orbitingEarth fbrtwo tofour days.

39.Which statementis trueabout Hayley Arceneaux A.She workswhere she used to beapatient.B.She isan adventurehater.C.She isthe youngestAmerican inspace.D.She isthe firstwoman spaceflyer.

40.Whats the correct orderfbr whathappened toHayley Arceneauxa.She receivedasurprising call.b.She wasdiagnosed withaseriousdisease.c.She waschosen torocket intospace.d.She wasoperated onat St.Jude.A.a cdb B.b cdaC.b dacD.c ab d

41.Whats thepurpose ofthespaceflight A.To caiTyout medicalresearch.B.To explorespace.C.To expecttheunexpected.D.To collectmoney.

42.How canwe describleHayley ArceneauxA.Generous andstrong.B.Caring andoptimistic.C.Brave andhonest.D.Patient andrepresentative.【答案】ACDB【解析】这是一篇记叙文文章介绍了10岁时，海莉?阿尔西诺在圣裘德做了一个膝盖置换手术，在左腿上植入了一块金属她仍然一痛一拐的，腿偶尔疼痛海莉?阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题圣犹大儿童研究医院宣布，这位29岁医生的助手将于今年晚些时候飞入太空，此次太空飞行的目的就是为慈善机构筹集资金

39.细节理解题根据文章第一段第二句“the29-year-old doctorsassistant（这位29岁医生的助手）”以及第二段开头的“Arceneaux,a formerpatient atSt.Jude（阿尔西诺以前是圣犹大医院的病人）”可知她在以前住院的地方工作故选A项

40.细节理解题根据文章第一段第一句After beatingbone cancer,Hayley Arceneauxthinks rocketinginto orbiton SpaceXsfirst privateflight shouldbe noproblem atall.（海莉?阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题“可知，她是在战胜骨癌之后进入太空的，我们还可判断出疾病in该是在做手术之前，所以选项b应该是在选项d之前；再根据第五段前两句Arceneaux wasathomein Memphis,Tennessee,when shegot asurprisingcallin January.She wasasked ifshe wouldrepresent St.Jude inspace.（今年1月，阿塞诺在田纳西州孟菲斯的家中接到了一个令人惊讶的电话她被问及是否愿意在太空中代表圣犹大”可知，她是接到电话之后被问是否愿意进入太空在飞向太空的，可判断出选项a在选项c之前故选C项

41.推理判断题根据文章第二段内容第二句She willtravel withbusinessman JaredIsaacman,who isusing thespaceflight hebought toraise moneyfor charity.（她将和商人贾里德?艾萨克曼一起旅行，艾萨克曼将利用他购买的太空飞船为慈善机构筹集资金）”以及根据第四段第一句Isaacman announcedhis spaceflight onFebruary1,promising toraise$200million forSt.Jude.（艾萨克曼于2月1日宣布了他的太空计划，并承诺为圣犹大筹集2亿美元）”可知，此次太空飞行的目的就是为慈善机构筹集资金故选D项

42.推理判断题根据第――段第――句“After beatingbone cancer,HayleyArceneauxthinks rocketinginto orbiton SpaceX,sfirstprivateflightshouldbenoproblematall.（海莉?阿尔西诺战胜了骨癌，她认为通过太空探索技术公司的第一次私人飞行进入轨道根本不是问题）“，第二段第二句She willtravel withbusinessman JaredIsaacman,who isusing thespaceflight hebought toraise moneyfor charity.（她将和商人贾里德?艾萨克曼――起旅行，艾萨克曼将利用他购买的太空飞船为慈善机构筹集资金）》以及根据第二段最后两句When shewas10,Arceneaux hadan operationatSt.Jude toreplace herknee anda pieceof metalwas putin herleft leg.She stilllimps andhas occasionalleg pain.（10岁时、阿西尔诺在圣裘德做了一个膝盖置换手术，在左腿上植入了一块金属她仍然一痛一拐的，腿偶尔疼痛）”可知做慈善说明她是个很有爱心，会关心他人的人，带着病痛依然积极面对现在的生活说明她是一个乐观的人故选B项

4.SAN FRANCISCO-A dogthat survivedthe catastrophicwildfire in Northern Californiaapparently protectedthe ruinsof hishome for almost amonth untilhis ownerreturned.Madison was there waitingwhen Andrea Gaylord wasallowed backtocheck onherburned propertyin Paradisethis week.Gaylord fledwhen theNov.8fire brokeout anddestroyed the town of27,

000.Shayla Sullivan,an animalrescuer,who respondedto Gaylordsrequest tocheck onMadison firstspotted themale Anatolianshepherd mixseveral dayslater.Shayla Sullivan said theoutdoor guarddog wasmentally upsetand kepthis distance.Sullivan leftfood and water forhim regularlyuntil Gaylordgot backon Wednesday.She alsohelped locateMadisons brotherMiguel,another Anatolianshepherd mixthat wastaken toa shelter85miles（135kilometers）away afterthe wildfire.“If theevacuees（疏散人员）cant bethere,Im goingto bethere andIm notgoingtogive upon theiranimal untilthey canget backin JSullivansaid.The dogsreunited Fridaywhen Gaylordcame backtotheproperty withMiguel andbrought Madisonhis favoritetreat:a boxof WheatThin crackers.Gaylord toldnews stationABC10she couldntask fbra better animal.Imagine theloyalty ofhanging onintheworst ofcircumstances andbeing herewaiting/9she said.Their jobis towatch thesheep andwere partofthem.Gaylord saidabout herdogs.Its acomforting feeling.^^

47.Andrea Gaylordwas deeplytouched byMadisons.A.noble bloodB.special habitC.being faithfulto hismaster D.narrow escapefrom the wildfire

48.What canbe inferredfrom Paragraph3A.Gaylord requestedSullivan toleave food andwater for Madison.B.Madison wasafraid ofgetting closeto Sullivaninthebeginning.C.Sullivan savedMiguel inorder tocomfort Madison.D.Sullivan tookboth twodogs toa shelter85miles away.

49.The right orderofthe eventsgiven inthe passageis.a.Miguel wastaken toa shelterb.the wildfireinNorthernCalifornia brokeout c.Madison wastreated witha boxof WheatThin crackersd.Andrea Gaylordapplied forsearch andrescue ofMadison A.d-c-a-b B.b-d-a-c C.d-a-c-b D.b-a-c-d

50.What canwe knowfromthestory A.AndreaGaylordfound Madisonin a shelter.B.Gaylord toldnews stationshe wantedfor a betteranimal.C.The Nov.8fire killed27,000people inthetown.D.Shayla Sullivanwas kind-hearted andpatient.【答案】CBBD【解析】这是一则新闻报道文章主要报道了牧羊犬Madison在北加州山火之后守护被大火摧毁的家园近一个月，直至主人被允许返回家园的故事

47.细节理解题根据最后一段的“Gaylord toldnews stationABC10she couldntask forabetteranimal.Imagine theloyalty ofhanging onintheworst ofcircumstances andbeing herewaiting/9she said.（Gaylord告诉ABC10新闻台，她不能要求一个更好的动物“想象一下，在最糟糕的情况下坚持下去，在这里等待，是多么忠诚“）”可知，Gaylord被Madison对主人的忠诚所感动故选C

48.推理判断题根据第三段的Shayla Sullivansaid theoutdoor guarddog wasmentally upsetand kepthis distance.（Shayla Sullivan说，这只户外看门狗精神不好，一直保持距离）”可推知，Madison一开始害怕接近Shayla Sullivan故选B

49.细节理解题根据第二段的“Gaylord fledwhen theNov.8fire brokeout anddestroyed thetown of27,

000.Shayla Sullivan,an animalrescuer,who respondedto Gaylordrequest tocheckonMadison first,spotted themale Anatolianshepherd mixseveral dayslater.（11月8日火灾发生后,Gaylord逃离了，火灾摧毁了这个拥有27000人的小镇动物救援人员Shayla Sullivan响应Gaylord寻找麦迪逊请求，几天后，她发现了这头安纳托利亚雄性牧羊犬）”可知，北加州山火爆发于11月8日，此后Gaylord请求寻找牧羊犬Madison；根据第三段的She alsohelped locateMadisons brotherMiguel,another Anatolianshepherd mixthat wastaken toa shelter85miles（135kilometers）away afterthe wildfre.（她还帮助找到了Madison的弟弟Miguel,另一个安纳托利亚混血牧羊犬，它在山火爆发后被带到85英里外的避难所）’‘可知，在找到Madison后Sullivan又找到了Miguel,然后它被带到了85英里外的避难所根据最后一段的“The dogsreunited Fridaywhen Gaylordcame backtotheproperty withMiguel andbrought Madisonhis favoritetreat:a boxof WheatThin crackers.（星期五，当Gaylord带着米格尔回到酒店，给麦迪逊带来了他最喜欢的食物一盒小麦薄脆饼干时，狗狗们团聚了）”可知，Gaylord带Miguel回酒店时给Madison带了他最喜欢的小麦薄脆饼干即事情的发展顺序为山火爆发--------------------------Gaylord申请寻找Madison------找至！J MiguelGaylord给Madison带饼干故选Bo

50.推理判断题根据第二段的“Shayla Sullivansaid theoutdoor guarddog wasmentally upsetand kepthis distance.Sullivan leftfoodandwaterforhim regularlyuntil Gaylordgot backon Wednesday.She alsohelped locateMadisons brotherMiguel,another Anatolianshepherd mixthat wastakentoashelter85miles（135kilometers）away afterthewildfire.（Shayla Sullivan说，这只户外看门狗精神不好，一直保持距离Sullivan定期给他留下食物和水，直到Gaylord星期三回来她还帮助找到了Madison的弟弟Miguel,另一个安纳托利亚混血牧羊犬，它在山火爆发后被带到85英里外的避难所）“可知，虽然Madison不愿意接近Sullivan,但她还是坚持照顾它，并找到了它的弟弟Miguel由此推知，Sullivan是一个善良且有耐心的人故选D

5.The historyof microbiologybegins withDutch cloth maker namedAntoni vanLeeuwenhoek,a manof noformal scientificeducation.In thelate1600s.Leeuwenhoek,inspired bythe magnifyinglenses（放大镜）heused to examine cloth,built some ofthe first-microscopes.He developedtechnique toimprove thequality oftiny,rounded lenses,someofwhich couldmagnify anobject upto270times.After removingsome plaquefrom betweenhis teethand examiningit undera lens,Leeuwenhoek foundtiny twistingcreatures,which hecalled“animalcules”.His observations,which hereported tothe RoyalSociety ofLondon,are amongthe firstdescriptions of microbes（微生物）.Leeuwenhoek discoveredan entireuniverse invisibletothehuman eye.He founddifferent microbesin samples of pondwater,rain water,and humanblood.He gavethe firstdescription ofred bloodcells,observed planttissue,examined muscle,and investigatedthe lifecycle ofinsects.Nearly twohundred yearslater,Leeuwenhoeks discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his theory of disease”.This conceptsuggested thatdisease originatesfrom tiny organisms attackingand weakeningthe body.Pasteurs theorylater helpeddoctors tofight infectiousdiseases includinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,and typhoid.All thesebreakthroughs werethe resultof Leeuwenhoek^original work.Leeuwenhoek didnot foreseethis legacy.In a1716letter,he describedhis contributionto sciencethis way:“My work,which Ivedone fbra longtime,was notpursued inorder togain thepraise Inow enjoy,but chieflyfrom astrong desirefor knowledge,which Inotice residesin memore thanin mostother men.And therefore;whenever Ifound outanything remarkable,I havethought itmy dutyto putdown mydiscovery onpaper,so thatthe scientificcommunity mightbe informedthereof.^^

51.Which ofthe followingbest describesLeeuwenhoek A.trained researcherwith aninterest inmicrobiology B.A curiousamateur whomade pioneerstudies of microbes C.A talentedscientist interestedin findinga curefor diseaseD.A boredclothmakerwho accidentallymadeamajor discovery

52.The underlinedphrase“this legacy“in paragraph3refers to.A.the discoveryofmicrobesB.Pasteurs theory of diseaseC.Leeuwenhoeks contributionD.the originofthetinyorganism

53.What doesthe quotefrom Leeuwenhoeksletter suggestA.He admittedthat manyof hisdiscoveries happenedby chance.B.He consideredhis workto becentral tolater medicalbreakthroughs.C.He wasgreatly concernedwith improvingpeoples livingconditions.D.He believedthe sharingof knowledgewasakey toscientific progress

54.What isthecorrectorder forthe followingevents a.Magnifying lenseswere built.b.The“theory ofdisease“was putforward c.Microbes werediscovered in samplesofwaters.d.Leeuwenhoeks firstmicroscopes weresuccessfully developed.e.Leeuwenhoek explainedhis thoughtsupon hisown contribution.A.a-d-c-e-bB.d-a-c-e-b C.a-c-d-b-eD.d-a-e-b-c【答案】BCDA【解析】这是一篇说明文主要介绍了荷兰布商Antoni vanLeeuwenhoek受放大镜的启发自己研制了显微镜，并利用显微镜发现了微生物，进而对科学界起到了很大的推动作用

51.细节理解题根据首段首句The historyof microbiologybegins withDutch clothmaker namedAntoni vanLeeuwenhoek,a manofnoformal scientificeducation.^^（微生物学的历史始于荷兰制衣人Antoni vanLeeuwenhoek,他没有受过正式的科学教育）可知，Leeuwenhoek只是业余爱好者根据最后一句After removingsome plaquefrom betweenhis teethand examiningit undera lens,Leeuwenhoek foundtiny twistingcreatures,which hecalled animalcules.”（Antoni vanLeeuwenhoek从牙齿间取出一些菌斑，并在镜片下进行检查后，发现了一种扭曲的微小生物，他称之为微生物）以及第二段的首句“His observations,which hereported tothe RoyalSociety ofLondon,are amongthefirstdescriptions ofmicrobes.（他向伦敦皇家学会报告的观察结果，是对微生物的最早描述之一）可知，Leeuwenhoek是微生物研究的先驱综上所述，Antoni vanLeeuwenhoek是对微生物进行开创性研究的好奇的业余爱好者故选B项

52.词义猜测题划线词的this是关键词，指代上文内容根据上文“Nearly twohundred yearslater,Leeuwenhoeks discoveryofmicrobeshelped Frenchchemist andbiologist Louis Pasteur todevelop histheoryofdisease，Pasteurs theorylater helpeddoctors tofight infectiousdiseases includinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,and typhoid.All thesebreakthroughs werethe resultof Leeuwenhoek^original work.”（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家Louis Pasteur发展了他的疾病理论Louis Pasteur的理论后来帮助医生对抗传染病，包括炭疽、白喉、小儿麻痹症、天花、破伤风和伤寒所有这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek独创的成果）可推知，划线词指代的是Leeuwenhoek的贡献故选C项

53.推理判断题根据文章最后一句话And therefore;whenever Ifound outanything remarkable,I havethoughtitmy dutyto putdown mydiscovery onpaper,so thatthe scientificcommunity mightbe informedthereof（因此；每当我发现了什么不寻常的东西，我就认为我有责任把我的发现写在纸上，以便让科学界知道这一点）可推知，他认为共享知识是科学进步的关键故选D项

54.细节理解题根据首段的第二句In thelate1600s.Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythe magnifyinglenses heusedtoexaminecloth,built someofthefirst-microscopes.（在17世纪末Leeuwenhoek受到他用来检查布料的放大镜的启发，制造了一些最早的显微镜）可知，显微镜的发明在放大镜之后根据第二段的第三句He founddifferent microbesinsamplesof pondwater,rain water,and humanblood.（他在池塘水、雨水和人体血液样本中发现了不同的微生物）可知，在显微镜发明之后发现不同的微生物根据尾段的第一句“In a1716letter,he describedhis contributionto sciencethis way:（在1716年的一封信中，他这样描述了自己对科学的贡献）以及第三段的首句“Nearly twohundred yearslater,Leeuwenhoek^discoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophistheoryofdisease”.”（近两百年后，Leeuwenhoek对微生物的发现帮助法国化学家和生物学家路LouisPasteur发展了他的疾病理论）可知，疾病理论的提出在后故选A项

6.Fauja Singh,109,who brokemarathon recordsandwascalled“Superman“beforehangingup hisrunning shoessixyearsago,willbethe subjectof aBollywood film,Fauja,tracing hisremarkable career.Mr.Singh,born inIndia in1911,was anenthusiastic amateurrunner in his youth,but gaveit up.After aseries ofpersonaltragediesincluding thedeaths of his wifeand twoofhischildren,he returnedto hisformer passioninhiseighties.He movedtotheUK soonafter andnow livesin Lyford,east London.He arrivedfor hisfirst trainingsession inRedbridge ina three-piece suit,and hisfirst racewastheLondon marathonin

2000.Three yearslater in Toronto,he brokethe worldrecord forthe90-plus.In2011,when heturned100,Mr.Singh seteight worldrecords ina day.He ranthe100m in

23.14,then addedthe200m.400m,800m,

1.500m,the mile,the

3.000m and

5.000m worldrecords.Three oftheeventshad neverbeen attemptedby anyoneover theage of100before.Days later,he becamethefirstcentenarian tocomplete marathon,again inToronto,withatime of8:25:

27.Mr.Singh retiredfrom competitiverunning in2013but continuedjogging forpleasure.When askedaboutthesecret oflongevity heowed ittoavegetarian dietand avoidingsmoking,alcohol andfried food.Of marathonrunning hesaid,The first20miles arenot difficult.As forthelastsix miles,I keeptalking tomyself.Keep itup,old boy!’

55.What dowe knowabout FaujaSingh A.He wasfirst trainedinToronto.B.He isthe inspirationforamovie.C.He usedtobea professionalrunner.D.He isstill activein competitiverunning now,

56.Whats therightorderoftheevents

①Fauja movedtotheUK.

②Fauja hunguphisrunningshoes.

③Fauja set8worldrecordsinaday

④Faujas wifeand twoofhischildren died.A.

②④①③C.

④①③②

57.What contributesto Mr.B.

④③①②Singhs longlife D.

②④③①。