粘土砖 陶瓷工程砖

Clay bricks Ceramic engineering bricks

Mauerziegel; Keramikklinker

Supersedes April 1974 edition

In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), a comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.

The repeated reference to DIN 105 Part 1 relates to the November 1982 edition.

Dimensions in mm

Contents

Page	Page
1 Field of application	5 Marking
2 Concept	6 Testing
3 Requirements	7 Inspection
4 Designation	8 Delivery note

1 Field of application

Ceramic engineering bricks are building materials for loadbearing and non-loadbearing brickwork. They are predominantly used to create internal and external façades, and anywhere where a particular resistance to aggressive materials and to mechanical surface stresses is required.

2 Concept

Ceramic engineering bricks are bricks which are moulded from high quality dense burning clay with or without additives, and fired.

They are resistant to frost and have a maximum water absorption of 6 % by mass.

3 Requirements

3.1 Shape

Ceramic engineering bricks shall have the shape of a unit defined by rectangles. Grooves or similar on the joint faces are permitted.

3.2 Types of engineering brick

3.2.1 Solid engineering bricks are ceramic engineering bricks the cross section of which may be reduced by up to 15 % through perforation vertical to the bed face.

3.2.2 Vertically perforated engineering bricks are ceramic engineering bricks which are perforated vertically to the bed face. They may have A, B or C type perforations (see table 1).

3.2.3 Purpose-made engineering bricks are ceramic engineering bricks which deviate from the shape described in subclause 3.1 for reasons of their intended use.

3.3 Perforations and webs

3.3.1 Perforations and webs shall conform to table 1. The perforations shall be distributed over the bed face as evenly as possible; they may be of any cross-sectional shape.

3.3.2 Handholds shall only be located where they are necessary for handling.

The cross-sectional area of an individual handhold shall not exceed 50 cm2. The marginal zone around the handhold shall be not less than 40 mm in width.

3.4 Dimensions

The nominal, minimum and maximum dimensions of ceramic engineering bricks shall be as specified in table 2. The dimensions of the largest and smallest ceramic engineering bricks supplied for a particular building project may not vary by more than the dimensional range t specified in table 2, column 5.

Continued on pages 2 to 4

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Table 1. Types of perforation, dimensions of perforations and webs

Column	1	2	3	4		5	6
Line	Type	Symbol	Total cross-sectional area of perforations, as a percentage of bed face area 1)	Perforations Individual cross section cm²	Dimensions 2) mm	Webs
1	Solid engineering brick	KK	≤ 15	≤ 6; handholds, if any, as in subclause 3.3.2	k ≤ 15 d ≤ 20 d' ≤ 18	Minimum thickness of external walling: 15 mm, on the visible faces not less than 20 mm.
2	A type vertically perforated engineering brick	KHKA	> 15 ≤ 35	≤ 2,5; handholds, if any, as in subclause 3.3.2	No specifications
3	B type vertically perforated engineering brick	KHKB	> 15 ≤ 35	≤ 6; handholds, if any, as in subclause 3.3.2	k ≤ 15 d ≤ 20 d' ≤ 18
4	C type vertically perforated engineering brick	KHKC	> 15 ≤ 35	≤ 16;	k ≤ 25 d ≤ 45 d' ≤ 35
1) Bed face area = length X width of brick. 2) k is the smaller side length of rectangular, d is the diameter of circular and d' is the smaller diameter or smaller diagonal of elliptical or rhombic perforations. 3) Closed on 5 sides; cover thickness not less than 5 mm.

Table 2. Dimensions Column 1 2 3 4 5 Line Dimensions 1) Work size Minimum limit of size Maximum limit of size Dimensional range t 1 Length l 240 235 245 8 2 Width b 115 112 118 4 3 Height h 52 50 54 2 4 71 69 73 3 5 113 110 116 4 1) For ceramic engineering bricks to be used for non-loadbearing facings not laid in bond with any other brickwork, work sizes deviating from those above may be used, but they shall be within the following limits: length: 190 ≤ l ≤ 290; width: 90 ≤ b < 115; height: 40 ≤ h < 113; Limits of sizes, which can be determined by linear interpolation of the values given in columns 3 and 4, shall apply for the nominal dimensions.

3.5 Apparent density 3.5.1 Apparent brick density The apparent brick density shall lie within the ranges specified in table 3 for the appropriate apparent density classes. Table 3. Apparent brick density Apparent brick density class Mean apparent brick density 1) kg/dm³ 1,4 1,21 to 1,40 1,6 1,41 to 1,60 1,8 1,61 to 1,80 2,0 1,81 to 2,00 2,2 2,01 to 2,50 1) Individual values shall not exceed or fall below the limits by more than 0,1 kg/dm³.

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3.5.2 Apparent density of body

Ceramic engineering bricks shall have a mean apparent density of body of not less than 2,00 kg/dm³ (lowest individual value 1,90 kg/dm³).

3.6 Compressive strength

Ceramic engineering bricks shall have a mean compressive strength of not less than 75 N/mm². The lowest individual value shall be not less than 60 N/mm². They thus fulfil the conditions of compressive strength class 60.

3.7 Frost resistance

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be resistant to frost as specified in subclause 6.5.

3.8 Harmful, expansive particles content

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be free from expansive particles, e.g. lime, liable to cause chipping (spalling) and structural damage. Testing shall be carried out as described in subclause 6.6 (water vapour test) if a visual inspection gives grounds to suspect that chipping could be caused by such particles.

The test shall be considered to have been failed if up to 2 small chips with a diameter between 2 and 5 mm occur on more than 2 of the 6 ceramic engineering bricks tested, or if up to 2 chips with a diameter between 5 and 10 mm occur over particles on the visible faces of more than 1 of the 6 ceramic engineering bricks tested. The test shall also be considered to have been failed if chips greater than 10 mm in diameter occur.

3.9 Content of harmful salts causing efflorescence

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be free from harmful salts leading to structural damage or efflorescence permanently impairing the appearance of the unplastered brickwork face. The test for harmful salts shall be considered to have been passed if the proportion by mass of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) does not exceed 0,06 % and that of sodium and potassium sulfate (Na₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄) does not exceed 0,04 %.

3.10 Water absorption

The mass of absorbed water determined in accordance with subclause 6.7 shall not exceed 6 %.

3.11 Surface scratch hardness

The Mohs scratch hardness degree determined as specified in subclause 6.8 shall be not less than 5.

3.12 Colour fastness

When tested as specified in subclause 6.9, ceramic engineering bricks shall be colour fast.

3.13 Acid resistance

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be resistant to acids, except to hydrofluoric acid and its compounds. Testing shall be carried out as specified in subclause 6.10.

3.14 Alkali resistance

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be shown to be resistant to alkali when tested in accordance with subclause 6.11.

3.15 Appearance of exposed faces

One stretcher face and one header face of a ceramic engineering brick shall be free from cracks. Hairline cracks on the surface which are visible after laying shall not be considered to be a defect, since they, because of the density of the brick, do not impair the quality of these bricks.

4 Designation

The following symbols shall be used for the various types of ceramic engineering brick:

KK ceramic solid engineering brick

KHK vertically perforated ceramic engineering brick

For vertically perforated ceramic engineering bricks, the symbol KHK shall be followed by letters A, B or C in accordance with table 1.

The sequence of elements used when designating ceramic engineering bricks shall be term, DIN number, type of engineering brick (symbol), compressive strength class, apparent brick density class and format symbol as given in table 4.

Example of designation:

Designation of a vertically perforated ceramic engineering brick (KHK), of perforation type B, compressive strength class 60, apparent brick density class 1,6, length l = 240 mm, width b = 115 mm and height h = 52 mm (DF):

Engineering brick DIN 105 – KHK B 60 – 1,6 – DF

5 Marking

Ceramic engineering bricks shall be packaged. The packaging or an attached label shall give the works mark, the apparent brick density class and compressive strength class.

Table 4. Format symbols (examples)

Format symbol	Dimensions
	l	b	h
DF (thin format)	240	115	52
NF (standard format)	240	115	71
2 DF	240	115	113

6 Testing

6.1 Shape, dimensions, perforation

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.2 Apparent brick density

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.3 Apparent density of body

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.4 Compressive strength

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

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6.5 Frost resistance

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.6 Expansive particles and water-soluble salts

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.7 Water absorption

Number of samples: 6.

Testing in accordance with DIN 51 056, except that the conditioning in water shall be limited to 5 days.

6.8 Surface scratch hardness

Number of samples: 6.

Mohs test

Commencing with a Mohs hardness degree of 1, draw sharp-edged minerals across the surface of the engineering brick to be tested, applying light pressure. The hardness degree assigned to the highest grade at which the engineering brick does not exhibit any scratch shall be stated.

6.9 Colour fastness

Number of samples: 6

Testing in accordance with DIN 51 094, except that the duration of irradiation shall be limited to 8 days.

6.10 Acid resistance

Number of samples: 6.

Testing, depending on the intended application,

a) in accordance with DIN 51 091 (at present at the stage of draft);

b) in accordance with DIN 51 102 Part 2 for ceramic engineering bricks intended for environments needing protection against acids.

The test specified in DIN 51 091 shall be considered to have been passed if a macroscopic surface analysis reveals no visible changes, apart from staining and discolouration.

The test specified in DIN 51 102 Part 2 shall be considered to have been passed if the relative loss in mass does not exceed 3 %.

6.11 Alkali resistance

Number of samples: 6.

Testing in accordance with DIN 51 091.

The test specified in DIN 51 091 shall be considered to have been passed if a macroscopic surface analysis reveals no visible changes, apart from staining and discolouration.

7 Inspection

7.1 General

See DIN 105 Part 1.

7.2 Internal control

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

If, instead of the compressive strength test, an alternative method of test as specified in DIN 105 Part 1, subclause 7.2.1, footnote 3, is used, the compressive strength shall additionally be tested as specified in subclause 6.4 on 6 bricks at quarter year intervals. The water absorption shall be determined in accordance with subclause 6.7 and the surface scratch hardness shall be determined in accordance with subclause 6.8 at the same intervals.

7.3 Third party inspection

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

The water absorption, the surface scratch hardness, the colour fastness, the resistance to acid and alkali shall additionally be tested in accordance with subclauses 6.7 and 6.11 in the initial inspection and then at least annually.

8 Delivery note

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

Standards referred to

DIN 105 Part 1	Clay bricks; solid bricks and vertically perforated bricks
DIN 51 056	Testing of ceramic raw materials; determination of the open pore volume
DIN 51 091	(at present at the stage of draft) Testing of ceramic raw materials; determination of the chemical resistance of unglazed tiles and flags for wall and floor coverings
DIN 51 094	Testing of ceramic raw materials; determination of colour fastness to light of the dyes in unglazed tiles and flags for wall and floor coverings
DIN 51 102 Part 2	Testing of ceramic materials; determination of acid resistance, method using a ground sample

Previous editions

DIN 105 Part 4: 04.74

Amendments

The following amendments have been made in comparison with the April 1974 edition:

The specifications relating to the designation, marking, testing, inspection and the delivery note have been aligned with DIN 105 Part 1, November 1982 edition.

International Patent Classification

E 04 C 1-00

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Table 5. Format symbols (examples)

Format symbol	Dimensions
	l	b	h
DF (thin format)	240	115	52
NF (standard format)	240	115	71
2 DF	240	115	113
3 DF	240	175	113
4 DF	240	240	113
5 DF	240	300	113
6 DF	240	365	113
8 DF	240	240	238
10 DF	240	300	238

Examples of designation:

Designation of a solid brick (Mz) of compressive strength class 60, apparent density class 1,8, length l = 240 mm, width b = 115 mm and height h = 113 mm (2 DF):

Brick DIN 105 — Mz 60 — 1,8 — 2 DF

Designation of a vertically perforated brick (HLz) of perforation type B, compressive strength class 36, apparent density class 1,4, length l = 240 mm, width b = 300 mm and height h = 113 mm (5 DF):

Brick DIN 105 — HLzB 36 — 1,4 — 5 DF

5 Marking

All bricks (excluding bricks for brickwork to remain visible) shall be provided with a works mark (manufacturer's mark).

Bricks ready for dispatch shall additionally be marked on one stretcher face with a colour coding stripe not less than 20 mm in width, indicating their compressive strength class (see table 6), and details of their apparent density class.

It is sufficient if one brick is marked for up to 200 bricks. If bricks are packaged, it shall be deemed sufficient if the packaging or an attached label contains the works mark, the apparent density class and compressive strength class; the same shall apply for facing bricks and engineering bricks.

Table 6. Colour coding

Compressive strength class	Colour coding
36	One purple stripe
48	Two black stripes
60	Three black stripes

6 Testing

6.1 Shape, dimensions and perforation

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.2 Apparent brick density

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.3 Apparent density of body

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.4 Compressive strength

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.5 Frost resistance

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

6.6 Expansive particles and water-soluble salts

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

7 Inspection

7.1 General

See DIN 105 Part 1.

7.2 Internal control

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

If, instead of the compressive strength test, an alternative method of test as specified in DIN 105 Part 1, subclause 7.2.1, footnote 3, is used, the compressive strength shall additionally be tested as specified in subclause 6.4 on 6 bricks at quarter year intervals.

7.3 Third party inspection

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

8 Delivery note

In accordance with DIN 105 Part 1.

5

Standards referred to

DIN 105 Part 1 Clay bricks; solid bricks and vertically perforated bricks

DIN 1053 Part 4 Masonry; buildings of prefabricated brickwork components

Previous editions

DIN 105 Part 3: 04.74; 07.75

Amendments

The following amendments have been made in comparison with the July 1975 edition:

The specifications relating to the designation, marking, testing, inspection and the delivery note have been aligned with DIN 105 Part 1, November 1982 edition.

International Patent Classification

E 04 C 1-00

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