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DOCUMENT PREVIEWList of Figures
Figure 19. Semilog Plot (Li and Selig) 40
Figure 20. Semilog Plot (Drumm et al.) 41
Figure 21. Semilog Plot (Jin et al.) 42
Figure 22. Semilog Plot (Jones and Witzak) 43
Figure 23. Semilog Plot (Rada and Witzak) 44
Figure 24. Semilog Plot (Santha/Fine-grained) 45
Figure 25. Semilog Plot (Santha/Coarse-grained) 46
Figure 26. Semilog Plot (Muhann et al.) 47
Figure 27. Variation of Modulus with Moisture by AASHTO Class 49
Figure 28. Linear Regression in the Semi-log Space for Fine-grained Materials 50, 51
Figure 29. Linear Regression in the Semi-log Space for Coarse-grained Materials 52, 53
Figure 30. Values of kS by Model, for Fine-grained Materials 54
Figure 31. Values of kS by Model for Coarse-grained Materials 55
Figure 32. Revised Model for Fine Grained Materials 58, 59
Figure 33. Revised Model for Coarse Grained Materials 60, 61
6
Acknowledgment of Sponsorship
This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council.
Disclaimer
This is the final draft as submitted by the research agency. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, AASHTO, or the individual States participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research program.
Acknowledgements
The research team for NCHRP Project 1-37A: Development of the 2002 Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures consisted of Applied Research Associates, Inc., ERES Consultants Division (ARA-ERES) as the prime contractor with Arizona State University (ASU) as the primary subcontractor. Fugro-BRE, Inc., the University of Maryland, and Advanced Asphalt Technologies, LLC served as subcontractors to either ARA-ERES or ASU along with several independent consultants.
Research into the subject area covered in this Appendix was conducted at ASU. The authors of this Appendix are Dr. M.W. Witczak, Mr. Dragos Andrei, and Dr. W.N. Houston. Specifically, Dr. Witczak coordinated the overall research effort, outlined the problems, monitored progress, set schedules and deadlines and provided periodic technical review of research results as they became available. Mr. Andrei performed the literature review, summarized the models from the literature and developed the new normalized model. Dr. Houston provided periodic supervision, review of the results as they became available, and offered numerous suggestions.
Foreword
This report first summarizes existing models from the literature that incorporate the variation of resilient modulus with moisture. Subsequently, it discusses the selection of specific models to predict changes in modulus due to changes in moisture that were eventually considered for implementation in the 2002 Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures.
The information contained in this section serves as a supporting reference to the resilient modulus discussions presented and PART 2, Chapter 3, and PART 3, Chapters 3, 4, 6, and 7 of the Design Guide.
2
Table of Contents
| Page | |
|---|---|
| Introduction | 1 |
| Objective | 6 |
| Analysis and Assumptions | 6 |
| Summary of Models | 10 |
| Li and Selig Model for Fine-grained Subgrade Soils | 10 |
| Drumm et al. Model for Fine-grained Subgrade Soils | 11 |
| Jin et al. Model for Coarse-grained Subgrade Soils | 17 |
| Jones and Witzcak Model for Fine-grained Subgrade Soils | 19 |
| Rada and Witzcak Model for Base Materials | 21 |
| Santha’s Models for Coarse-grained and Fine-grained Subgrade Soils | 21 |
| CRREL Model for Frozen Coarse-grained and Fine-grained Materials | 27 |
| Muhanna et al. Model for Fine-grained Subgrade Soils | 31 |
| Summary | 33 |
| Proposed Model | 35 |
| Revised Model | 56 |
| Implementation | 63 |
| Recommendations for Further Study | 65 |
| Bibliography | 67 |
3
List of Tables
| Page | |
|---|---|
| Table1. Gradient of MR with Respect to Saturation Degree | 15 |
| Table 2. Regression Coefficients (Rada and Witzak) | 24 |
| Table 3. Regression Coefficients and Symbols (CRREL/Frozen) | 30 |
| Table 4. Coefficients for the Revised Model | 62 |
| Table 5. Complexity of the Model | 64 |
4
List of Figures
| Page | |
|---|---|
| Figure 1. Influence of Resilient Modulus on Dry Density | 2 |
| Figure 2. Post-compaction Variation in Moisture Content | 8 |
| Figure 3. Data Points at Constant Compactive Effort | 9 |
| Figure 4. Data Points at Constant Dry Density | 9 |
| Figure 5. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Li and Selig) | 12 |
| Figure 6. Effects of Post-Compaction Saturation on MR | 13 |
| Figure 7. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Drumm et al.) | 16 |
| Figure 8. Normalized Modulus Vs. Measured Variation in Moisture Content | 18 |
| Figure 9. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Jin et al.) | 20 |
| Figure 10. Relationship between Modulus, Moisture Content and Degree of Saturation (Jones and Witzcak) | 22 |
| Figure 11. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Jones and Witzcak) | 23 |
| Figure 12. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Rada and Witzcak) | 25 |
| Figure 13. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Santha/Fine-grained) | 28 |
| Figure 14. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Santha/Coarse-grained) | 29 |
| Figure 15. Variation of Modulus with Temperature (CRREL/Frozen) | 32 |
| Figure 16. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation (Muhanna et al.) | 34 |
| Figure 17. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation for All Fine-grained Materials | 36, 37 |
| Figure 18. Variation of Modulus with Moisture/Saturation for All Coarse-grained Materials | 38, 39 |
5
List of Figures
Figure 19. Semilog Plot (Li and Selig) 40
Figure 20. Semilog Plot (Drumm et al.) 41
Figure 21. Semilog Plot (Jin et al.) 42
Figure 22. Semilog Plot (Jones and Witzak) 43
Figure 23. Semilog Plot (Rada and Witzak) 44
Figure 24. Semilog Plot (Santha/Fine-grained) 45
Figure 25. Semilog Plot (Santha/Coarse-grained) 46
Figure 26. Semilog Plot (Muhann et al.) 47
Figure 27. Variation of Modulus with Moisture by AASHTO Class 49
Figure 28. Linear Regression in the Semi-log Space for Fine-grained Materials 50, 51
Figure 29. Linear Regression in the Semi-log Space for Coarse-grained Materials 52, 53
Figure 30. Values of kS by Model, for Fine-grained Materials 54
Figure 31. Values of kS by Model for Coarse-grained Materials 55
Figure 32. Revised Model for Fine Grained Materials 58, 59
Figure 33. Revised Model for Coarse Grained Materials 60, 61
6
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