GB/T 5169.7-2001 Fire hazard test for electrical and electronic products - Diffusion and premixed flame test methods

This standard gives the design guidelines for flame test methods and general requirements for instruments used to generate a series of test flames and related calibration test methods. Further details on the generation of specific test flames are given in other standards in the same series as this standard, such as: GB/T 5169.14. GB/T 5169.7-2001 Test methods for fire hazard tests of electrical and electronic products Diffusion and premixed flame test methods GB/T5169.7-2001 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

ICS 29. 020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 5169. 72001
idt IEC 60695-2-4/0:1991
Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products-Test methods-www.bzxz.net
Diffusion type and premixed type flame test methods2001-07-12Promulgated
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2001-12-01Implementation
GB/T 5169.7—2001
IEC Foreword
IEC Introduction
Citations
Test methods
5 Information to be given in relevant specifications
GB/T 5169. 7—2001
This standard is equivalent to the International Electrotechnical Commission TEC60695-2-1/0:1991 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products Part 2 Test methods Part 4/Chapter 0: Diffusion and premixed fire test methods". This standard is the first revision of GB/T5169.7—1985. The original standard was formulated with reference to IEC SC50D (sec) 35 document (July 1983). With the development of science and technology and after years of practice, IEC has developed and improved its content and officially published it as two international standards 1EC60695-2-4/0:1991 and IEC60695-2-4/1:1999 and a technical report (Form 2): IFC/TR260695-2-4/2:1994. GB/T569.7—J985 Fire hazard test for electric and electronic products - Bunsen burner type flame test method" will be replaced by the following series of standards:
GB/T 5169. 7--2001
GB/T 5169. 14—2001
Fire hazard test for electric and electronic products: Test method - Diffusion type and premixed type flame test method (idt IEC 60695-2-4/0:1991)
Fire hazard test for electric and electronic products - Test method - kW nominal premixed type test flame and guidance (idt IEC 60695-2-4/1:1991) GB/Z5169.152001 Fire hazard test for electric and electronic products - Test method - 500W nominal test flame and guidance
(idt IEC/TR2 G0695 2 4/2:1994) This standard replaces GB/T5169.7-1985 from the date of implementation. This standard is proposed by the State Machinery Industry Bureau. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Environmental Conditions and Environmental Tests for Electrical and Electronic Products, and the drafting unit of this standard is Guangzhou Electric Science Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Zhang Chi and Liu Yuezhan. This standard is entrusted to the National Technical Committee for Environmental Conditions and Environmental Tests for Electrical and Electronic Products for interpretation. GB/T 5169.7—2001
IEC Foreword
1) The resolutions and agreements of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on technical matters are drawn up by technical committees in which representatives of national committees with a particular interest in the subject are represented, and express as precisely as possible the international consensus on the subject. 2) These resolutions or agreements are used in the form of recommended standards in the international industry and are accepted by the national committees in this sense. 3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC hopes that the national committees will adopt the contents of the IFC standards as their national standards to the extent permitted by their national conditions. Inconsistencies between IEC standards and corresponding national standards should be pointed out in the national standards as far as possible. This part of the IEC 60695-2 series of standards was drawn up by IFCTC89; Technical Committee on Fire Hazard Testing. The provisions of this standard are based on the following documents: International Standards
89 (Central Office)2
The full information on the votes for this standard can be found in the voting report in the table above. N
Voting Report
89 Central Office)9
GB/T 5169.7—2001
IEC Introduction
The test flames and guidance contained in IEC60695-2-4 are designed for electrical insulating materials and electrical and electronic products, but their scope is not limited to these areas and can also be applied to other areas. The danger of electrical and electronic products in buildings and equipment causing the spread of combustion and the release of fire should not exceed the allowable values ​​of the building materials and equipment in which they are placed.
In this case, flame tests are required to evaluate the characteristics of the surface of electrical and electronic products. The best way to test the fire hazard of electrical and electronic products is to completely replicate the conditions that occur in reality. However, this is impossible in most cases. Therefore, according to the actual situation, the fire hazard test of electrical and electronic products is best to simulate the effects that occur in reality as much as possible. Flames may be generated inside electrical and electronic equipment due to fault conditions, and such flames should not cause safety hazards. Flames may also occur around electrical and electronic equipment and spread to the combustible parts of the equipment. In the early stages of a fire, such flames should not excessively affect the electrical and electronic products. Flames produced by the burning of flammable gases have been found to be suitable for simulating real ignition sources and are of two types: diffusion and premixed. The main difference between these two types of flames is the temperature of the flame and the sensitivity of the flame to convective air movement and ventilation. The temperature of the flame in the early stages of a fire is most suitable for simulation by diffusion test flames, but premixed test flames are also often used because they have better stability.
Previously, gas flames were often represented by the following features: ... a schematic diagram of the burner;
Basic characteristics of the gas;
-Visual characteristics of the flame;
-Total height of the flame and height of the blue flame core (if there is a flame core) Verification of flame characteristics can be verified by measuring the melting time of a wire of a specified diameter. In order to improve the repeatability of the test flame in the technical standard, a new generation method and specification has been developed. The method is based on the following principles:
a) Use the burner specified by the IEC engineering drawing; b) Use a specified single, high-purity combustible gas; d) Use specified air;
d) New verification test methods and technical requirements. Alternative burners can be used to produce test flames that meet the conditions of ) using gas derived from principle b), but it is not recommended because, in fact, this cannot prove that the flame characteristics are completely close to the standard test flame. Standard test flames are used for other purposes. In some specifications, test flames produced by other burners that allow self-exhaust air to pass through and only meet principles b) and d) are still used. Because of this situation, a transition period may be required before using the test flames in JEC 60695-24 that comply with all the principles described above. It can be expected that the number of test samples required to obtain the same accuracy of test results can be reduced when using these more precisely specified test flames.
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Fire hazard testing for eleciric and electronic products
Test method
Diffusion type and premixed type flame test methods Fire hazard testing for eleciric and electronic products Test methods -
Diffusion type and premixed type flame test melhods GB/T 5169. 7—2001
idtEC60695-2-4/0.1991
Generation GB/T5169.71985
This standard gives the design guidance of flame test methods and some requirements for the instruments used to produce a series of test flames and the related calibration test methods. Further details on the production of specific test flames are given in other standards in a series with this standard, such as: GB/T 5169.14.
2 Reference Standards
The following standards contain provisions that constitute the provisions of this standard through their use in this standard. When this standard is revised, the versions shown are valid and all standards will be revised. All parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards, GB/I5169.142001 Fire hazard test for electrical and electronic products Test method 1kW nominal premixed test flame and guidelines (idt IEC 60695 2-4/1:1991) GB/Z5169.15—2001 Fire hazard test for electrical and electronic products Test method 500W nominal test flame and guidelines (itl IEC/TR2 60695-2-4/2:1994) TSO4016:1978 Paper, paperboard, pulp and related terms 3 Requirements
The standard test flame shall comply with the specific requirements of GB/5169.14 and GB/Z5169.15. The general guidelines described in this standard shall be fully considered when formulating the test method. 4: Test method
4.1 Source
The flame test is to simulate the impact of the flame in the early stage of a fire around an electrical and electronic product, so as to assess the degree of fire hazard through simulation technology.
This test is carried out to ensure that:
a) under specified conditions, the test flame should not cause the ignition of parts, or b) under specified conditions, the combustible parts ignited by the internal test flame have a limited burning duration or length, and the burning or glowing particles falling from the sample will not cause the combustion to spread. The needle flame test is used to simulate the effect of a small flame that may be caused by a fault condition in the equipment, and to assess the fire hazard from the surface. Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on July 12, 2001, implemented on December 1, 2001
GB/T 5169. 7—2001
The test flame is applied to the surface of the test sample that is easily affected by the flame. This flame can be caused by normal use, fault conditions or accidental ignition sources.
In order to assess the possibility of flame spread, when the environment around the test sample is known, the base layer usually composed of materials or components around or under the sample is placed according to relevant specifications. If the environment around the test sample is unknown, it is recommended to use a soft white pine board covered with a piece of stretch paper as the bottom layer, placed 200mm ± 5mm below the part of the test sample that is subjected to the fire. 4.2 General description of the instrument for generating the test flame This section gives a general description of the instrument. The specific requirements for each test flame and the instruments required for the corresponding calibration test are given in other standards in this series of standards, for example, GB/T 5169,14. 4.2.1 Generation of test flames
The general assembly drawing of the burner and the parts drawing of the gas supply device are given in Figures 1 and 2. The instrument should comply with the specific requirements of relevant standards. When the meter is used to indicate the flow rate of combustible gas and air, the flow rate should be corrected as follows: 296
X273+ze
23, the actual flow rate at 0.1 MFa = F
where:
F, = the flow rate shown
Where: Pc
Calibration air pressure of the meter, MPa:
t.—Calibration temperature of the meter, C;
p-atmospheric pressure, MPa
pr—back pressure, MPa;
Room temperature-℃;
p,=0.1 MPa.
x ​​line +273
t+ 273
(t, condition)
When using the test flame described in GB/T5169.14 and GB/Z5169.15, it is not necessary to measure its back pressure. In all cases, the pressure drop between the meter and the burner should be minimal. Note: When using bottled or selected gas and air, care should be taken to ensure that the gas temperature reaches room temperature before use. 4.2-2 Appearance evaluation of the test flame
The test flame should be stable and meet the requirements given in the calibration test specified in the relevant standards of this series of standards. 4.2.3 Calibration test
The test device is shown in Figure 3. The instrument should meet the specific requirements given in the relevant standards of this series of standards. The test flame should be calibrated regularly and calibrated in the following cases: a) After the burner is disassembled, cleaned and reassembled or after the instrument is changed: b) According to the requirements of relevant specifications.
4.2.4 Principles of verification test
After the test flame is applied, the time for the steel block temperature to rise from 100℃±2℃ to the higher temperature t2C should be within the specified range. During the test, the copper should be suspended on the flame axis ", with its lower surface Xmm away from the top of the combustion tube and Ymn below the suspension point. 4.2.5 Verification test procedure
&) Install the instrument according to the requirements of Figures 2 and 3 in a non-ventilated environment, and ensure that there is no gas leakage in the connecting parts: Ensure that the copper block is suspended with thermocouples at the X and Y positions required by the corresponding standards in this series of standards. b) When starting to adjust the gas and air, move the burner away from the copper block to prevent the flame from affecting the copper block. * According to 6.86 of ISO1046, group paper is a soft and lightweight roll paper. The density is generally between 12g/m~-30g/m*, and it is used as a follow-up packaging and gift packaging for delicate items.
GB/T 5169. 7—2001
) Ignite the gas and adjust the gas and air flow rates to the specified values. Observe the gas under soft light, estimate and record the color flame core height, overall flame height and stability. If the flame is asymmetrical and unstable, check the flame and make adjustments. d) Reposition the burner under the copper block. e] Perform 3 measurements. Determine the time for the copper block temperature to rise from 100°C to ℃. After each measurement, let the copper block cool naturally in the air.
If the copper block has never been used, the surface of the copper block should be treated for initial operation and the result should be ignored. f) Calculate the average time in seconds as the result. g) If the result complies with the value given in the corresponding standard, the flame is confirmed and can be used for testing. Comprehensive and detailed test procedures are given in the relevant test flame publications. Movable flame positioning device
Air inlet
Combustible gas||t t||Combustible gas inlet
Figure 1 Example of test burner
Flow meter 1
Control room
Combustible gas
Energy meter
GB/T5169.7—2001
The inner diameter of the pipe connecting the flow meter and the burner should minimize the gas drop Figure 2 Burner/gas supply device
Total hanging point
Temperature measurement transposition|| tt||Squeeze the copper block to fix the thermocouple
Do not damage the thermocouple
Figure 3 Example of calibration test device
Pressure gauge
Flow meter 2
Control room
Wax compressed air
Compressed air must be oil-free and water-free
Depends on the size of the fire
tt||4.3 Selection of test sample and flame
GB/T 5169.7—2001
If possible, the test sample should be a complete product (equipment, component or element). If necessary, the casing may be removed or appropriate parts may be cut off during the product test; care should be taken to ensure that the test conditions do not differ significantly from normal use in terms of shape, air circulation, thermal stress effects and the effects of possible flames, scorching or burning particles. The relevant specification specifies the parts of the product that can be removed so that the flame can be properly applied. If the test cannot be carried out on the complete product, appropriate parts may be cut off or removed and the test may be carried out under the conditions described in the previous paragraph. Care should be taken when cutting the sample to ensure that the flame is correctly applied, for example, not applied to the edges caused by cutting. This test evaluates the effect of flames caused by other ignition sources near the sample or the early stages of fire on the sample: therefore, the relevant standard should specify the nature of the test flame, the point of application and duration of the flame and the criteria for confirmation. If necessary, multiple test flames may be used, for example, two or more burners may be used on large samples. 4.4 Fire application time
The test needs to simulate the real flame that may occur in practice. Therefore, the flame application time should be similar to the conditions that may occur in practice.
The duration of the test flame application should preferably use the following values: 5 s, 20 s, 30 s, 1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min. The required flame application time should be plotted in the relevant specifications. If the burning time and burning length of the sample are required to be evaluated, the specified flame application duration should ensure that the sample ignites. If required by the relevant specifications, other flames can be used: but it is recommended not to apply the flame repeatedly. Repeated application of the flame will lead to:
a) increased variability in the test results;
b) difficulty in determining the point of re-application of the flame; r) difficulty in interpreting the results of each application of the flame. Note: The duration of the test flame application should be selected according to the characteristics of the sample and should be considered during the formulation of the relevant specifications. In some specifications, repeated application of the flame can be used, especially for arbitration tests of plastic materials. The feasibility of multiple flame actions that are different from single flame extended time actions is currently being considered. 4.5 Pretreatment
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, the samples and the substrate specified in 4.1 shall be placed in an atmosphere of 15°C to 35°C and 45% to 75% relative humidity for not less than 24 hours before testing. 4.6 Initial measurements
The test samples shall be visually inspected, and physical and electrical parameters shall be measured when specified in the relevant specifications. 4.7 Test procedures
Notes:
During the test, personal safety protection measures shall be taken to prevent: a) the danger of combustion or explosion;
b) inhalation of smoke and (or) toxic products; and c) toxic residues.
4.7.1 The test room or room shall have a large enough space to ensure that the test is carried out under the condition of basically no air circulation but with sufficient air supply.
4.7.2 The test sample shall be placed in the most unfavorable position during normal use for testing, and the fixing method of the test sample shall not affect the flame action and flame spread of the sample during normal use. 4.7.3 A base layer of materials or components usually surrounding or underneath the sample should be placed. According to the relevant specifications, a smooth white pine board tightly wrapped with a layer of paper is also selected as the base layer. 4.7.4 During the adjustment of the test flame, the test sample should be protected from the influence of heat and radiation. 5
GR/T 5169. 7---2001
4.7.5 The test flame should be applied to the part of the test sample that is susceptible to the flame. This flame can be generated by normal use or fault conditions. The test flame should be applied in the most stringent manner. The application method and duration of the test flame should be specified in the relevant specifications. Note: To minimize the possibility of debris falling and burning, it is recommended that the burner be placed at an angle of 20° to the vertical, while the most stringent orientation should be vertical. In order to make the application of the test flame most effective, the axis of the burner can be tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical position. The angle of inclination depends on the size and orientation of the test sample. The preferred recommended inclination angles are 20° and 45°. The burner should be placed at a certain distance from the nearest point of the sample to ensure continuous application of the test flame. The relevant standards describing the generation and verification of the nominal test flame give recommended distances and relative positions of the test flame and the sample, such as GB/T5169.14. Once the position of the test flame is determined, the burner should not be moved. The test flame can be removed after the specified test time. When the relevant specifications allow more than one point to be tested on the same test sample, careful operation must be carried out to ensure that the deterioration caused by previous tests does not affect its test results.
4.7.6 The technical committee shall determine the number of test samples required. 4.8 Observation Observation and measurement
During the test, the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate should be observed and all observation and measurement parameters should be recorded. When the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate ignite, the duration of combustion should be measured and recorded. The time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the flame is extinguished and the time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the test sample or its surrounding parts or the test substrate no longer shows any burning phenomenon should be recorded separately. The test sample should be cooled to near room temperature and then covered with a clean cloth and then the burning length should be measured. The burning length refers to the distance from the center of the test flame application area to the farthest burn mark. The burn mark refers to the area on the surface of the test sample that is damaged by the influence of combustion, including the charred part. When determining the burn mark, the color change of the test sample, the generation of soot and the deformation of the test sample surface caused by heat, melting and charring shall not be considered:
The physical damage of the test sample should be visually inspected and measured in accordance with the relevant specifications. Mechanical/gas parameters, 4.9 Evaluation of test results
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, the test sample can be considered to have passed the test if it meets any of the following three conditions: a) The test sample does not ignite;
b) The flame or the burning or glowing particles falling from the test sample do not cause the combustion to spread to nearby parts or the bottom layer placed under the test sample. The sample has no flame or glowing after the test flame is applied for the last time or the additional time specified in the relevant specifications; c) The duration of combustion and the length of combustion do not exceed the provisions of the relevant specifications. 5 Information to be given in the relevant specifications
Relevant standards, such as GB/T5169.14, should specify the following details: a) Severity:
1) The test flame used (according to 4.3);
2) The duration of the test flame (according to 1.4 and 4.7.5): b) The number of test samples (according to 1.7.6): c) Other pretreatment (according to 4.5);
d) Detailed steps for initial testing (according to 4.t): e) Detailed information and orientation of the test sample (according to 4.3 and 4.7.2) f) Test surface and flame application point (according to 4.7.5); 1) Burner. Angle of inclination with the vertical direction, 2) Distance between the burner and the test sample surface: g) Appropriate size or minimum size of the test room or test cabinet (box) for testing (according to 4.7.1): 6
GB/T5169.72001
h) Consider Placement of test samples in the ambient environment (according to 4.7); 1) Used as a base layer to assess the impact of falling burning objects (according to 4.1 and 4.7.3): j) Requirements (according to 4.9):
1) The allowable burning duration and burning length taking into account the design and arrangement of protective covers and barriers in various parts and equipment,
2) Whether the specified standards meet the safety requirements or whether other standards need to be referenced: k) The allowable degree of degradation of mechanical/electrical properties8 Observation and measurement
During the test, the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate should be observed and all observation and measurement parameters should be recorded. When the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate ignite, the duration of combustion should be measured and recorded. The time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the flame is extinguished and the time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the test sample or its surrounding parts or the test substrate no longer appears hot should be recorded separately. The test sample should be cooled to near room temperature and then covered with a clean cloth to measure the burning length. The burning length refers to the distance from the center of the test flame application area to the farthest burning mark. Burn marks refer to the areas on the surface of the test sample that are damaged by the effects of combustion, including the charred parts. When determining the burn marks, the color change of the test sample, the formation of soot and the deformation of the test sample surface caused by heat, melting and charring are not considered:
The physical damage of the test sample should be visually inspected and its mechanical/gas parameters should be measured in accordance with the relevant specifications. 4.9 Evaluation of test results
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, if the test sample meets any of the following three conditions, it can be considered to have passed the test: a) The test sample does not ignite;
b) The flame or burning or glowing particles dropped from the test specimen do not spread the combustion to nearby parts or the bottom layer placed under the test sample. There is no flame or glowing on the sample during the final application of the test flame or the additional time specified in the relevant specification. c) The duration and length of burning do not exceed the provisions of the relevant specification. 5 Information to be given in the relevant specification
Related standard push, such as GB/T5169.14, should specify the following details: a) Severity:
1) The test flame used (according to 4.3);
2) The test flame lasts for time (according to 1.4 and 4.7.5): b) number of test samples (according to 1.7.6): c) other pretreatment (according to 4.5);
d) detailed steps for initial testing (according to 4.t): e) detailed information and orientation of test samples (according to 4.3 and 4.7.2) f) test surface and flame application point (according to 4.7.5); 1) burner. Angle of inclination with the vertical direction, 2) distance between the burner and the surface of the test sample: g) appropriate size or minimum size of the test room or test cabinet (box) for testing (according to 4.7.1): 6|| tt||GB/T5169.72001
h) Placement of test samples when considering the surrounding environment (according to 4.7); 1) Used as a base layer to assess the impact of falling burning objects (according to 4.1 and 4.7.3): j) Requirements (according to 4.9):
1) Considering the design and arrangement of protective covers and barriers in various parts and equipment, the allowable burning duration and burning length,
2) Whether the specified standards meet the safety requirements, or whether other standards need to be referenced: k) The allowable degree of degradation of mechanical/electrical properties8 Observation and measurement
During the test, the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate should be observed and all observation and measurement parameters should be recorded. When the test sample and its surrounding parts and the underlying substrate ignite, the duration of combustion should be measured and recorded. The time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the flame is extinguished and the time interval from the moment the test flame is removed until the test sample or its surrounding parts or the test substrate no longer appears hot should be recorded separately. The test sample should be cooled to near room temperature and then covered with a clean cloth to measure the burning length. The burning length refers to the distance from the center of the test flame application area to the farthest burning mark. Burn marks refer to the areas on the surface of the test sample that are damaged by the effects of combustion, including the charred parts. When determining the burn marks, the color change of the test sample, the formation of soot and the deformation of the test sample surface caused by heat, melting and charring are not considered:
The physical damage of the test sample should be visually inspected and its mechanical/gas parameters should be measured in accordance with the relevant specifications. 4.9 Evaluation of test results
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specifications, if the test sample meets any of the following three conditions, it can be considered to have passed the test: a) The test sample does not ignite;
b) The flame or burning or glowing particles dropped from the test specimen do not spread the combustion to nearby parts or the bottom layer placed under the test sample. There is no flame or glowing on the sample during the final application of the test flame or the additional time specified in the relevant specification. c) The duration and length of burning do not exceed the provisions of the relevant specification. 5 Information to be given in the relevant specification
Related standard push, such as GB/T5169.14, should specify the following details: a) Severity:
1) The test flame used (according to 4.3);
2) The test flame lasts for time (according to 1.4 and 4.7.5): b) number of test samples (according to 1.7.6): c) other pretreatment (according to 4.5);
d) detailed steps for initial testing (according to 4.t): e) detailed information and orientation of test samples (according to 4.3 and 4.7.2) f) test surface and flame application point (according to 4.7.5); 1) burner. Angle of inclination with the vertical direction, 2) distance between the burner and the surface of the test sample: g) appropriate size or minimum size of the test room or test cabinet (box) for testing (according to 4.7.1): 6|| tt||GB/T5169.72001
h) Placement of test samples when considering the surrounding environment (according to 4.7); 1) Used as a base layer to assess the impact of falling burning objects (according to 4.1 and 4.7.3): j) Requirements (according to 4.9):
1) Considering the design and arrangement of protective covers and barriers in various parts and equipment, the allowable burning duration and burning length,
2) Whether the specified standards meet the safety requirements, or whether other standards need to be referenced: k) The allowable degree of degradation of mechanical/electrical properties
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