GB/T 2820.4-1997 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets Part 4: Control gear and switch gear

This standard specifies the requirements for control devices and switchgear for generator sets with reciprocating internal combustion engines. This standard applies to alternating current (ac) generator sets driven by land and marine reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engines, and does not apply to generator sets for aviation or driving land vehicles and locomotives. For certain special purposes (such as necessary hospital power supply, high-rise buildings, etc.), additional requirements may be necessary, and the provisions of this standard should be used as the basis. For generator sets driven by other prime movers (such as biogas engines, steam engines), this standard can be used as the basis. GB/T 2820.4-1997 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven ac generator set Part 4: Control devices and switchgear GB/T2820.4-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T2820.41997
This standard is equivalent to the International Organization for Standardization IS08528-4:1993 & Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generator set Part 1: Control devices and switch devices". It is a revision of GB8365-87 and GB2820-90. This standard replaces GB8365-87 and GB2821-90 from implementation II. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard was issued by Lanzhou Electric Vehicle Research Institute. This standard was drafted by Lanzhou Electric Vehicle Research Institute, and the Power Generation Equipment Factory of Yanliang Province, Putuo Electric Board Factory of Subei Electric Motor Factory, Fufa Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Electric Equipment General Factory, Wuxi Power Machine Factory, and the Power Generation Equipment Factory of Guangxi Kachai Machinery Co., Ltd. participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Yingfang, Li Shiju, Zhang Binxin, Hu Zhi, and Lin Lixu. GB/T 2820.4—1997
ISO Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (members of ISO bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is generally carried out through ISO technical committees. Member bodies interested in a subject of a technical committee have the right to be represented on the committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, also participate in the work of ISO in collaboration with ISO. ISO works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all subjects of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the members of the body for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the voting members of the body.
International Standard ISO 8528-1 was prepared by Technical Committee SC2, Performance Testing, of ISO/TC:70, Technical Committee Internal Combustion Engines.
ISO8528 includes the following parts under the general title of \"Alternating current generators driven by reciprocating internal combustion engines\": Part 1: Application, rating and performance
Part 2: Engines
Part 3: Alternating current generators for generating sets Part 4: Control devices and switchgear
Part 5: Generating sets
Part 6: Test methods
Part 7: Technical specifications for use and design Part 8: Requirements and tests for small power generating sets Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations Part 10: Measurement of mechanical noise (surface method) Part 11: Safety generating sets with uninterruptible power supply devices 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Alternating current generator sets driven by reciprocating internal combustion engines Part 4: Control devices and switchgear
Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generator sets ialernal combustian engine drivenalternating current generatiog setsPart 4, Controlgear and switchgearGB/T2820.4—1997
eqy IS0 8528-4:1993
replaces G18365—87
GB 2820-:90
This standard specifies the requirements for control devices and switchgear for generator sets with reciprocating internal combustion engines. This standard applies to alternating current (ac) generator sets driven by land and marine reciprocating internal combustion (R1C) engines, and does not apply to generator sets for aviation or driving land vehicles and locomotives. For certain special purposes (such as necessary hospital power supply, high-rise buildings, etc.), additional requirements may be necessary, and the provisions of this standard should be used as the basis.
For generator sets driven by other prime movers (such as biogas engines, steam engines): This standard can be used as the basis. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard by reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB/T 2820.11997 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven AC generator set Part 1: Application, rating and performance (eqv 1S0 8528-1:1993)
GB/T 2820. 3--1997
Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven AC generator set Part 3: AC generator for generator set (eqv IS0 8528-3:1993)
GB/T 2820. 5-1997 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven AC generator set (eqv IS0 8528-5:1993)
GB755-87 Basic technical requirements for rotating electrical machines GB3906-913~35kV AC metal-enclosed switchgear (eqIEC298:1984) 3 Other provisions and additional requirements
Part 5: Generator sets
3.1 For AC generator sets used for on-deck and offshore installations that must comply with the specifications of a Class I group, the additional requirements of that group should be met. This group should be declared by the user before placing an order. For AC generator sets operating under non-class equipment conditions, similar additional requirements under different circumstances must be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user.
3.2 If special requirements specified in the regulations of any other regulatory agency (such as inspection and/or legislative regulatory agencies) are to be met, the regulatory agency should be declared by the user before placing an order.
Any other additional requirements should be agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 26, 1997, and implemented on December 1, 1998bzxZ.net
4 General requirements for equipment
4.1 Assembly
GB/T 2820. 4-1997
Switchgear, control devices and monitoring equipment can be installed on the generator set or away from the generator set, and can be installed in one or more cabinets.
4.2 Structure
The structure of the device shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding standards for rated voltages below 1kV, and shall comply with the provisions of GR3906 for rated voltages of 1kV to 52kV.
4.31 The definition of working voltage of the motor shall comply with the provisions of GB3906. 4.4 Rated frequency
The operating frequency of the switchgear control device is the same as the operating frequency of the generator set. For assembled devices, the frequency should be within the limits specified in the relevant IEC standards. Unless otherwise specified, the allowable operating limit should adopt the number 16 in GB/12820.5-1957. 4.5 Rated current
The rated current of the switchgear assembly should be specified according to the ratings, layout and use of all components of the main circuit electrical equipment in the assembly
Any component should be able to withstand the current, and its temperature rise does not exceed the specified limit. If the switchgear assembly is also connected in parallel with the taxi circuit, it should be considered to reduce the maximum total value of the actual current at any time. When determining the rated current of the equipment, the various voltage deviations during the operation of the generator should be considered. 4.6 Control circuit voltage
A voltage not higher than 250V should be used. The following voltages are deduced: for AC: 48 V, 110 V, 230 V, 250 V, for DC: 12 V, 24 V, 36 V, 48 V, 110 V, 125 V. Note: The limit values ​​of the control source should be determined taking into account the normal operation of the control circuit equipment. 4.7 Power battery system
4.7.1 If the engine is electrically powered, a heavy-duty starting battery with sufficient capacity should be used for the load considered and a margin should be left for the expected ambient temperature during operation. No power should be drawn from the battery unless the battery can compensate. If the control circuit is also connected to the starting battery, the battery should have sufficient capacity to ensure reliable operation of the control equipment under all conditions, even when starting the engine (see 4.6). 4.7.2 For batteries that are always connected in parallel with the power consuming devices and are intended to be discharged in the event of a power failure or when peak current is required, a charger suitable for powering the power consuming devices should be used. Such a charging device shall have sufficient output to meet the recharging current requirements of the battery for a sufficient period of time in addition to providing the control system's standby load current.
4.7.3 When the RIC engine is equipped with a mechanically driven battery charging generator, the recharging of the battery shall be completed within a certain appropriate engine running time. When such a battery charging generator is provided, the fixed charger can provide a certain standby load current to the control system and provide the required floating charge current. 4.7.4 The selection of the charging equipment shall ensure that the control relay and electromagnetic coil connected across the battery will not be damaged by accidental overvoltage during the charging process.
4.7.5 Selection of the cable size of the starting motor.The total cable voltage drop should be no greater than R% of the rated battery voltage when starting the engine.
4.8 Environmental conditions
GB/T 2820. 4—1997
The standard operating conditions are in accordance with GB3906. When there are deviations from the standard operating conditions, the manufacturer and the user shall formulate applicable special requirements or special agreements. If there are such abnormal operating conditions, the user shall inform the manufacturer. In order to determine the environmental source, the heat generated by other equipment installed in the same room shall be considered. 4.9 Protective cover and level
The cover should be determined and selected according to the component requirements. The level of protection against danger to personnel near moving parts shall be selected in accordance with GB39G. 5 Generator set switchgear
The generator set switchgear includes all the main circuit equipment of the generator input unit. If required, it can protect the main input unit and the associated distribution system.
Typical generator set switchgear is shown! !Figure 1, all components included in the switchgear should be fully calculated according to the provisions for adapting to the operation of the generator set. If required, they are all suitable for grid operation.
5.1 Load switchgear and
The selection of the current rating of the load switchgear should take into account the corresponding application (service) category (usually AC-1) and be compatible with the continuous rating of the generator.
Note: If the AC-1 rating may be exceeded during use, the manufacturer's specified ability to make and/or break the load switchgear should be considered. When the ratings of the grid supply and the generator set supply are not consistent, the transfer switchgear should be adapted to the respective load requirements. The user shall specify the number of poles required according to the requirements of the local power supply management bureau. 5.2 Fault current rating
The switchgear and cables installed in the recessed circuit should be able to withstand the fault current expected in a specified short-term system. Grid power supply cover
4 type: separate generator switch device
R type: combined generator set/grid switch device (preferably used for parallel operation) + load distribution
center component with (.(.S\) generator switch device (preferably used for standby to grid working state) 1) type: with appropriate height C.(0.S\ generator set switch device (preferably used for standby full grid working state) 1) C,0,S=(gas or mechanical interlock) switch installation: Figure [generator switch installation diagram
For a main input unit of the switch device package, the user should provide information about the short-circuit protection device at the installation point. In appropriate places, it is allowed to use a certain current limiting switch as a short-circuit protection device (such as a spare fuse or current limiting circuit breaker). When such a current limiting protection is used, all devices and downstream connecting wires only need to be selected according to the short-circuit current of the specified device. 5.3 Cable and connecting wire
GB/T 2820. 4—1997
The temperature rise of cables and connecting wires shall not exceed the maximum thermal limit of their insulating materials. The cable layout shall not allow the heat dissipated to have a harmful effect on the connected equipment or components in close proximity to it. The voltage drop in the connecting wires shall meet the requirements for the normal function of the specified equipment. The design of the terminals shall enable the conductors and cables to meet the specified current. The connecting cables and connecting wires shall have appropriate mechanical support. 5.4 Generator protection
Standard protection configurations (see Table 1 and 7.2) shall be adopted as much as possible. When selecting generator protection devices, the use requirements of the generator shall be considered (see GB755). The generator manufacturer shall provide the following information. a) (if any) the continuous short-circuit current of the generator and the corresponding time limit; b) super transient and transient reactance and appropriate time constant; c) transient electrical performance caused by a certain specified load step change. 6 Control mode
The control mode shall be determined by the method used in the start control program. Table 1 gives guidance on generator set protection and control devices. 6.1 Manual start/manual stop
Controls for all functions are manually operated. This is mainly used for generator sets rated not more than 20 kW and where the band does not include protection control.
6.2 Local electric start/manual stop
This is an extension of 6.1 (local start/manual stop) that includes electric start instead of manual start. This design of the unit often does not provide protection control.
6.3 Local electric start/manual stop
This is an extension of 6.2 (local electric start/manual stop) that includes electric stop. The added electric stop is used to include automatic protection control.
6.4 Remote start/manual stop
This is essentially a local electric start/manual stop (6.3), but the manual start and stop controls are not fixed to or close to the generator set.
Where the sound of the unit cannot be heard or the use of feedback signals is not feasible, some kind of automatic protection control should be used. 6.5 Automatic start/automatic stop
Start or stop is triggered by an independently obtained signal without human intervention. Typical applications include grid fault control, load-free control, timing control, pressure control, constant temperature control, etc. Protection measures should be in place to ensure that there are sufficiently different on and off points when the level, temperature, etc. are changed, so that the number of abnormal operation of the generating unit is reduced to a minimum.
6.6 Start on demand
This is applicable to domestic facilities where the power supply source is a generator set. When the agreed minimum load is connected, the generator set starts automatically and continues to run until the connected load is disconnected. 6.7 Standby and grid control
If the entire grid fails or a voltage deviation exceeds the specified limit, the grid fault detection device automatically starts the generator set. After the grid is restored to the specified voltage and limit, the system is also used to shut down the unit and restore the power supply to the load by the electric valve. To achieve this, it should at least include the following standard facilities: Grid fault detection:
-Engine start/stop sequence control:
Timer to keep the protection device disconnected;
: Transfer switch device control:
Function selection switch, dynamic/automatic.
may include the following additional facilities;
: start delay:
engine start repeater:
-engine preheat timer
switch closure delay timer;
grid recovery timer;
GB/T 2820. 4-1997
engine stop delay at no-load speed;--battery-charger fault detection:
-starter transmission gear repeater;
…--preheating system
operating hours counter;
temporary control equipment of specified performance for the connected network. 6.8. Reciprocal standby control
This is the automatic load alternation cycle of two generating sets, one of which is the load set and the other is its standby. The load transfer is controlled by a timer or similar trigger or a fault of the load set itself. The double-phase standby scheme is typically used for continuous unattended operation. 6.9 Triple Mutual Reserve Control
The three generating sets are operated in a manner similar to the double mutual reserve control (6.8), the order of the ear reserves being normally selectable. 6.10 Double Mutual Reserve and Grid Control This control is identical to the double mutual reserve control except that the loads are normally supplied from the grid and in the event of grid failure the sequence specified in 6.8 is automatically followed.
When grid supply is satisfactorily restored, the loads are normally, but not necessarily, returned to the grid and the selected reserve sequence is restored. A variation of this scheme is possible where in double phase reserve the generating sets are used as the primary supply source and the grid supply is used as a reserve.
6.11 Parallel operation
This is a multi-unit installation that may be connected to the grid, which means parallel operation (see 6.3.2 of GB/T 2820.1-1997).
Parallel operation requires that the generator sets connected are synchronized. This can be achieved manually or automatically. The synchronization process includes adjusting the voltage and frequency to synchronize the connected units and the phase is the same as the existing system. 6.11.1 For manual operation
The following control and test equipment are necessary for manual synchronization and parallel operation: Generator circuit breaker, contactor or load switch; short-circuit protection;
- If applicable, voltage regulating device
Frequency regulating device;
Synchronizing lamp, zero voltmeter, or synchronizing indicator indicating frequency difference and phase position; 1) Switching must be done accurately, because the illumination of the lamp is not a sufficiently sensitive indicator: the synchronization lamp should only be an auxiliary device. When using synchronization lamps, they should be connected in a combination of multiple lamps so that they become rotating lamps that indicate the synchronization status of the generator. 2) When a zero voltmeter is used, the voltage must be consistent with the frequency before the frequency. Reverse power protection;
Active power meter;
Ammeter;
Voltmeter.
The following control and test equipment are recommended
GB/T 2820.4--1997
--Dual-purpose power meter introduced into the unit and busbar); dual-purpose voltmeter (introduced into the unit and busbar): active load distribution control;
Inspection interval step facilities;
--Reactive power meter +
: reactive load distribution control.
6. 11.2 Automatic operation
The following control and test equipment are necessary for automatic synchronization and parallel operation: Remotely operated generator circuit breakers or load switches with a relatively short connection time: - Short-circuit protection:
- If applicable (for reactive load compensation); Voltage regulator: Frequency regulation device (for active load compensation); - Automatic active load sharing control;
Reverse power protection;
Close-acting synchronizer:
Synchronous force selection "lift-off", "dry/automatic"; Ammeter;
- Voltmeter;
Active power meter.
The following control and test equipment is recommended:
Dual-purpose current meter (introduction unit and bus); - Dual-purpose voltmeter (introduction unit) Components: Synchronous lamp, zero-position current meter or synchronous indicator indicating frequency difference and phase position; overcurrent protection with short-circuit recognition; reactive power meter; automatic non-dynamic load sharing control; automatic power factor control. 6.12 Stopping method When a shutdown device is required, a shutdown mechanism must be provided which, when it operates, will cut off the fuel supply to the engine combustion chamber. Any such mechanism should be capable of maintaining the "stop" position until the engine stops completely. Note: In addition, an air shut-off valve may be required: when the automatic safety device or the protection relay is activated. Manual reset of the shutdown failure is possible. 1) The shutdown must be accurate, and the speed is not a sufficiently sensitive indication: the synchronizing lamp should only be an auxiliary device. If the step-by-step lamp is used, multiple lamps should be connected to form a rotating lamp that displays the synchronous state of the product. 2) When using a dedicated meter, the voltage must be adjusted to be consistent with the frequency. 3) When the step-by-step method is selected, the equipment listed in 6.11.1 should be used.) It is recommended to operate in parallel with the industrial system: 7 Generator monitoring
GB/T 2820. 4—1997
Monitoring refers to the inspection of the operation of the generator set by measuring or protecting the device and monitoring and controlling parameters (see Table 1) to verify its correct function.
7.1 Electrical Instruments
The generator set should be equipped with at least 1 voltmeter and 1 ammeter as standard. For parallel operation, additional instruments are given in 6.11. For units with an output greater than 100kW, a frequency meter and an operating hour counter should be installed. For 10-phase and 3-phase units, the voltage and current of all phases should be measured and recorded.
7.2 Electrical Protection and Monitoring Control
7.2.1 Overcurrent Protection
If necessary, overload protection only requires disconnection The load of the generator. A common circuit breaker with an overcurrent release device can provide protection against short circuits. If necessary, the overcurrent protection relay or the fuse connected in series with the circuit 1 that ensures short-circuit selectivity (short-circuit recognition) should be selected so that the relay or fuse closest to the fault is disconnected first. The configuration of the short-circuit protection device should be determined according to the agreement between the manufacturer of the generator set and the user. : For the influence of the continuous short-circuit current of the generator on the ability of the protection system to ensure selectivity, see 10.2 of (iH/T3820.3--1997). 7.2.2 Motor starting
The generator set that supplies power to the induction motor can withstand the variable motor starting current. This starting current is at some point related to the generator. The rated current of the motor may be a very small value in comparison. In this case, special consideration may be required for the generator overcurrent protection relay. Note: The technical data published by the engine/generator manufacturer generally include starting motor capacity expressed in terms of starting output per kilowatt of generator rating and a certain maximum voltage drop.
7.2.3 Under-reverse protection
a, c. Generators can be susceptible to damage if they are operated for long periods of time at a speed lower than their step speed when positively charged. In this case, a means of protecting them should be provided.
7.2.4 Reverse power protection
All generator sets running in parallel should be equipped with reverse power protection. The reverse power relay should accurately identify the reverse power relay. The reverse engine load torque causes the generator circuit breaker to open within a short delay. 7.2.5 Load protection and shedding
In some cases, the operation of the generator set may result in output characteristics of voltage and/or frequency that cannot be adapted by some components of some electrical load equipment. The user shall specify the acceptable limits and shall provide information on the need for over/under voltage and over/under frequency protection. In the case of a standard overload, there should be a priority tripping system; in an emergency, part of the load is removed to maintain power supply within the desired range.
7.2.6 Control circuit protection
All control and instrumentation equipment should have appropriate protection against overcurrent. 7.2.7 Ground fault protection
Ground fault protection can be applied to the generator set or the system connected to it. The appropriate relay protection scheme depends mainly on the neutral grounding method given in the system (see Figure 2). 。 Direct grounding
6 Reactance grounding
Core low resistance grounding
GB/T 2820. 4—1997
General grounding
Central line
Circuit breakers
1 Low resistance grounding of multiple power supply systems (1 grounding resistor and switching device) Core distribution sensor (grounding with secondary resistance Figure 2 Generator neutral line grounding method
Ground faults are usually prevented by 3 types of relay protection schemes that detect zero-sequence current. a) Residual current relay protection scheme (see Figure 3a) Common mother domain
Circuit breaker
Single-phase opening
Transformer
Distribution point sensor
Secondary circuit
The core ground fault current is detected by sensing the residual current signal in the secondary of the 3-phase summed current sensor. When a ground fault occurs: the ground fault relay is connected to the neutral conductor of the current transformer only with current. b) Ground sensor scheme (see Figure 3b)
1 A through-loop iron-core symmetrical current transformer surrounds the conductors of all phases (cable current transformer). The ground fault relay detects asymmetry and captures zero-sequence current asymmetry: For loads connected line to neutral, the iron-core symmetrical current transformer also surrounds the neutral conductor. c) Neutral grounding protection scheme (current 3c)
Generator circuit breaker
Residual current
Connecting pool sensor
Device appliance
a Residual current terminal appliance protection scheme (not applicable to low voltage 4-wire system) h Grounding sensor scheme (usually the transformation ratio of the current transformer is 50A/5A or 100A/5A) Neutral grounding plate scheme (usually the transformation ratio of the current transformer is ground fault current/5A) Figure 3 Detection of zero-sequence current in ground fault protection
Neutral connection
Device appliance
Ground fault current
The ground fault current is reflected by a ground fault relay as a transformer for zero-sequence current conversion, which is connected to the neutral grounding conductor of the resistance-grounded system.
GB/T 2820,41997
In order to obtain selectivity, limited ground fault protection is usually adopted. This form of protection only monitors a certain range: generally the generator stator winding, and at most the detection point of the optional current sensor. The ground fault outside the limited protection range is contained by the breaking ground fault relay. In the case of low resistance neutral line connection, the polarization effect of the relay is caused by zero sequence current, and in the case of high resistance neutral line grounding, it is caused by zero sequence voltage. For individual generator sets, unlimited ground fault protection can be provided. For fixed high voltage generator sets, it is beneficial to use ground fault protection. Special attention should be paid to the situation of a single low voltage generator set running alone with temporary power supply. The configuration of the ground fault protection device can be used as the content of the agreement between the public power management, the user and the generator set manufacturer. 7.3 Engine protection system
Selection and expansion of RIC engine protection and monitoring devices,The output and purpose of the generator set should be considered and agreed between the manufacturer and the user. The following engine operating parameters should be monitored (see Table 1); low lubricating oil pressure;
engine overspeed:
engine coolant temperature:
- belt failure (air-cooled engine). Depending on the purpose of the generator set, it is recommended to monitor the following additional engine operating parameters: coolant level:
exhaust temperature:
- lubricating oil overflow:
fire prevention.
Table 1 gives more recommended engine monitoring points. When the monitored engine parameters exceed the permissible operating limits, the following actions should be guaranteed: only alarm (no shutdown);
alarm and disconnection of load;
alarm and immediate disconnection.
The alarm can be optical and/or audible.
7.4 Engine Instruments
Instruments can be used according to the purpose and the rated engine power and in accordance with the agreement between the manufacturer and the user. The engine should be equipped with a pressure gauge indicating the lubricating oil pressure, and may be equipped with a tachometer and indicating instruments for lubricating oil temperature and coolant temperature (see Table 1). Table 1 shows the parameters used for monitoring and control devices of the generator set. These instruments are usually installed on the engine body. Table 1
Generator overspeed"
Starting fault:
Required level"
High Low REQHRER! REC
Generator set
Light and/or sound signal"
Required level\
REQHREREC
Battery voltage
Battery charger fault
Fuel level 314
Actuator air conditioning system*1
Actuator transmission gear
Re-transmitter
Protection isolation timer||tt| |Start delay"
Engine stop delay at no-load speed*
Generator load reduction after the selector trips
Ding state sends Zen open
Frequency protection
15Voltage
Electric protection:
Speed ​​setting|
Electricity setting
Grid information
Heat system ”
Operating hours
Active power
Power factor
Non-power
CB/T2820.4—1997
Table 1 (velvet)
Required level 1
REQHREREC:
Light and/or sound signal 1:
Light and/or sound signal
Automatic control for automatic operation
Generator
Power meter
Dual frequency meter in case of synchronization
Voltmeter
Reading 3-phase current with suitable conversion switch
Dual voltage meter in case of synchronization
Operating hours counter
Current length for each phase
Power meter with beads
Required level -
REQHRE REC
Single-phase meter is allowed when the load is completely symmetrical
Work factor meter
No dynamic power meter
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