GB 18045-2000 Safety glass for railway vehicles

This standard specifies the types and requirements of safety glass for railway vehicles. This standard applies to safety glass for railway vehicle and locomotive windows. GB 18045-2000 Safety glass for railway vehicles GB18045-2000 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB18045--2000
This standard is equivalent to the Japanese JISR3213:1998 "Safety Glass for Railway Vehicles" standard, and is equivalent to this standard in terms of technical content. Among them, JISR3213:1998 has low performance requirements for 3.2mm tempered glass, and 3.2mm tempered glass is not used on domestic railway vehicles. This standard deletes this thickness series; considering the use environment and process characteristics of tempered glass and laminated glass, the performance requirements for the transmittance and light distortion of tempered glass are increased, and the requirements for the radiation resistance and penetration resistance of laminated glass are increased; since the thermal performance indicators of insulating glass depend on the composition structure of insulating glass and have nothing to do with safety performance, they are not specified in this standard. Some performance test methods of this standard quote relevant national standards, which are equivalent to international standards and are also consistent with the provisions of Japanese standard JISR3213:1998. This standard is proposed by the State Administration of Building Materials Industry. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Glass Science and Special Glass Fiber Research Institute of China Building Materials Science Research Institute. Drafting unit of this standard: Glass Science and Special Glass Fiber Research Institute of China Building Materials Science Research Institute. Participating drafting units of this standard: Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute of the Ministry of Railways, Qinhuangdao Yaohua Industrial Technology Glass Factory. Main drafters of this standard: Wang Wenbiao, Gong Shuyi, Dai Kegong, Wang Yingzhou, Mo Jiao, Yang Jianjun, Sun Baishi, Ma Jun.
This standard is entrusted to the Glass Science and Special Glass Fiber Research Institute of China Building Materials Science Research Institute for interpretation. 505
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety glass for railway rolling stock
Safety glass for railway rolling stock This standard specifies the types and requirements of safety glass for railway rolling stock. This standard applies to safety glass for windows of railway vehicles and locomotives. 2 Reference standards
GB 18045—2000
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T531—1992 Test method for Shore A hardness of vulcanized rubber (neqISO7691:1986) GB1216—1985 Outside micrometer (neqISO3611:1978) GB/T5137.1—1996 Test method for mechanical properties of automobile safety glass (eqvISO3537:1991) GB/T 5137.2—1996 Test method for optical properties of automobile safety glass (eqvISO/DIS3538:1992) GB/T5137.3—1996 Test method for resistance to radiation, high temperature, humidity, combustion and simulated climate of automobile safety glass (eqvISO 3917:1992)
Automobile safety glass packaging
JC/T512-
—1993
JC/T632
Automobile safety glass terminology
JB2546—1989
3 Definitions
Steel ruler
This standard adopts the definitions of JC/T 632 and the following definitions. 3.1 Tempered laminated glass When at least one of the laminated glass products composed of two or more glass plates is tempered glass, it is called tempered laminated glass. 3.2 Insulated safety glass Two or more laminated glasses or tempered glasses are placed side by side with an even gap, and the gap is filled with dry air or other gas close to the external air pressure and sealed around. 3.3 Interlayer
The synthetic resin layer between the original glass sheets constituting the laminated glass, which is pre-formed into a film before manufacturing the laminated glass or formed during the manufacturing process.
In addition, when adhesives, plasticizers, etc. are used, they are also included in the interlayer. 3.4 Datum edge
The lower edge of the glass when it is installed on the vehicle.
3.5 Dew point
The temperature at which condensation or frost begins to form on the inner surface of the insulating glass. Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on April 3, 2000 506
Implemented on June 1, 2000
4 Types and markings
GB18045--2000
4.1 The types and markings of safety glass for railway vehicles are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Types and markings of safety glass
Tempered glass
Laminated glass
Safety insulating glass
4.2 Marking examples
Corresponding English name (Art exam)
Tempered glass
Laminated glass
Insulated safety glass
Laminated glass with nominal size of 900mm×700mm and thickness of 5.0mm is marked as: RL900×700×5.05 Requirements
Safety glass shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding clauses in Table 2 according to different types. Table 2 Test items and test methods for safety glass Test items
Shape and size
Physical and mechanical
Dimensional deviation
Curvature
Fitness
Length of appearance defects and their allowable number
Transmittance
Light distortion
Heat resistance
Impact resistance
Fragmentation state
Radiation resistance
Penetration resistance
Accelerated durability
Requirements for different types of safety glass| |tt||Tempered glass
Laminated glass
Safety insulating glass
The single piece of combined safety insulating glass shall
meet the
quality requirements of tempered
or laminated glass
Note: Transmittance and light distortion are applicable to occasions where the environment needs to be observed during driving. The transmittance of colored glass shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 5.1 Requirements for tempered glass
5.1.1 Thickness
The thickness of tempered glass and its allowable deviation shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. Test method clause
Nominal thickness
5.1.2 Dimensional deviation
GB18045—2000
Nominal thickness of tempered glass and its allowable deviation Allowable deviation
Flat or curved
5.1.2.1 The allowable deviation of the dimensions of rectangular or square flat tempered glass is shown in Table 4, but it shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer when it meets any of the following 1) to 4).
1) Nominal thickness 4mm, when the area of ​​a single piece is more than 1.8m2 or the side length exceeds 1800mm; 2) Nominal thickness 5mm and 6mm, when the area of ​​a single piece is more than 3.6m2 or the side length exceeds 2400mm; 3) Nominal thickness 8mm, 10mm and 12mm, when the area of ​​a single piece is more than 7.2m2 or the side length exceeds 3000mm; 4) Nominal thickness 15mm and 19mm.
5.1.2.2 The allowable deviation of the dimensions of flat tempered glass and curved tempered glass other than rectangular or square is as shown in Table 5, but when it meets any of the following 1) to 3), it shall be agreed upon by the supplier and the buyer. 1) When the shape is flat and meets any of 1), 2), 3) and 4) of 5.1.2.1; 2) When the shape is curved, the nominal thickness is 4mm, 5mm and 6mm, the side length exceeds 1600mm or the area is more than 1.2m2; 3) When the shape is curved, the nominal thickness is 8mm, the side length exceeds 2200mm or the area is more than 2.0m2. 5.1.3 Curvature
The curvature of flat tempered glass shall not exceed 0.3% for bowed shape and 0.2% for wavy shape. Table 4 Dimensional tolerances of rectangular or square flat tempered glass Nominal thickness d
1 Area of ​​piece s
0.3≤s<0.8
0.8≤s<1. 0
1. 0≤s1. 2
L≥600
L<1000
L≥1000
L<1200
L≥1200
L<1500
L≥1500
1<1800
L≥1800
Allowable size deviation
Length and width
Difference between two diagonals
Nominal thickness d
1 Area of ​​a block s
1.0≤s<1.5
GB 180452000
Table 4 (End)
Side length 1.
1<1000
L≥1000
L<1500
≥1500
L<2000
L≥2 000
Allowable deviation of size
Length and width
Difference between two diagonals
Table 5 Allowable deviation of size of flat tempered glass and curved tempered glass other than rectangle or square Tolerance of straight part
Thickness d
5.1.4 Degree of fit
1<1200
1 200≤L<1 800
The degree of fit of curved tempered glass is shown in Table 6.
≥1800
Fitness of curved tempered glass
Nominal thickness
4, 5, 6, 8
5.1.5 Appearance
The appearance quality of tempered glass is shown in Table 7.
Types of defects
Inclusions
Light scratches (not visible when observed at 500mm)
Heavy scratches with a width not exceeding 0.5mm
The total allowable number of the above defects (bubbles, inclusions, heavy scratches, light scratches) when mixed together
600≤L<1 200
And, the sum of the gaps in symmetrical positions ≤5.0
Tolerance of the curved part
Product area5
1 200≤L<1800
And, the sum of the gaps in symmetrical positions ≤6.0
Table 7 Appearance quality of tempered glass
Allowed number
0.5~1.5mm: no more than 2 in any 300mm square0.5~1.5mm: no more than 1 in any 300mm squareUnlimited if it does not affect the line of sight
The total length in a circle with a diameter of 300mm shall not exceed 30mmDeviation of base push edge
L≥1800
And, the sum of the gaps in symmetrical positions ≤8.0
1) Any 300mm In the square, there shall be no more than 3 defects in the central part and no more than 5 defects in the peripheral part. 2) There shall be no defects exceeding the maximum defects in the above columns. 3) Defects less than the minimum length are allowed, but they shall not be dense and affect the field of vision. 509
Types of defects
Clamp marks
GB18045-2000
Table 7 (end)
Allowed number
Only longitudinal ribs are allowed, and the maximum angle of the ribs (the angle between the observation direction and the glass) is 30°. No more than 3 ribs with a length of no more than 10mm, a width of no more than 4mm, and a depth of no more than one-third of the thickness are allowed per meter, of which no more than 1 rib with a length of 4~10mm, a width of 2~4mm, and a depth of no more than one-third of the thickness shall be allowed. The distance between the clamp mark and the edge of the glass shall not be greater than 12mm. Note: The central part, peripheral part, and peripheral part are as shown in the figure, but when the peripheral part overlaps with the central part, this part is regarded as the peripheral part. Circumference
Periphery
5.1.6 Transmittance
Take 3 samples for testing, and the transmittance of each sample must be greater than 50%. The transmittance of colored glass shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 5.1.7 Optical distortion
Take 4 products for testing, and the maximum optical distortion of each product excluding the remaining 150mm of the edge should be less than 6°. 5.1.8 Impact resistance
Take 6 samples for the impact resistance of tempered glass for testing. If the number of damaged samples does not exceed 1, it is qualified, and if more than or equal to 3, it is unqualified. When the number of damaged samples is 2, take another 6 samples for testing. If the number of damaged samples is 0, it is qualified. 5.1.9 Fragmentation state
Take 3 samples for testing of the fragments of tempered glass, and each sample must meet the requirements of Table 8. Table 8 Fragmentation state of tempered glass
Nominal thickness d
5.2 Requirements for laminated glass
The number of fragments in a 50 mm × 50 mm square should be more than 40. In addition, when the number of fragments is less than 40, the number of fragments in a 100 mm × 100 mm square including this part must be more than 160
5.2.1 Thickness
The nominal thickness of laminated glass is the sum of the nominal thickness of the original glass and the nominal thickness of the interlayer, and its thickness is agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. The thickness of laminated glass and its allowable deviation are shown in Table 9. However, the thickness and allowable deviation of curved laminated glass, laminated glass composed of more than 3 pieces of glass, tempered laminated glass and laminated glass with a nominal thickness of more than 13 mm shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 510
7≤d<10
10≤d<13
GB 18045--2000
Table 9 Thickness and its allowable deviation
Allowable deviation
5.2.2 Dimension deviation
5.2.2.1 The allowable deviation of the dimensions of rectangular and square flat laminated glass is shown in Table 10. However, the laminated glass composed of more than 3 pieces of glass, tempered laminated glass, laminated glass with a nominal thickness of more than 13mm and laminated glass with a side length exceeding 2400mm shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties.
5.2.2.2 The allowable deviation of the dimensions of flat laminated glass other than rectangular or square and curved laminated glass is shown in Table 11. However, the laminated glass composed of more than 3 pieces of original glass, laminated glass with a nominal thickness of more than 13mm and laminated glass with a side length exceeding 2400mm shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties.
Nominal thickness
10≤d13
Table 10 Permissible deviations of dimensions of rectangular or square laminated glass mm
Length of side B
L<1200
1 200≤L<1 800
1 800≤L<2 400
Table 11 Permissible deviations of dimensions of laminated glass other than rectangular or square and curved laminated glass Permissible deviations of dimensions of straight parts
Nominal thickness d
L<1 200
Side length1
1200≤L<1800
L≥1800
Allowable deviation of the size of the curved part
Area of ​​the product s
5.2.3 Curvature
The curvature of flat laminated glass shall not exceed 0.2%, and the curvature of tempered laminated glass shall not exceed 0.3%.
Allowable deviation of reference edge
5.2.4 Fit
The fit of curved laminated glass is shown in Table 12. Laminated glass with more than 3 original glass sheets, laminated glass with a nominal thickness of more than 13mm, and laminated glass with a side length exceeding 2400mm shall be determined by negotiation between the supply and demand parties. Allowable deviation of the fit of curved laminated glass Table 12
L<1 200
5.2.5 Appearance
and the sum of the
gaps in symmetrical positions ≤5.0Www.bzxZ.net
1 200≤L1800
and the sum of the
gaps in symmetrical positions ≤6.0
The appearance quality of laminated glass, in addition to meeting the requirements of 5.1.5, shall also comply with the requirements of Table 13. L≥1800
and the sum of the gaps in symmetrical positions ≤8.0
Types of defects
Bubbles in bonding layer
Impurities in bonding layer
5.2.6 Transmittance
GB 18045--2000
Table 13 Appearance quality of laminated glass
Permissible range of defects
One defect with a diameter of less than 2 mm is allowed within a circle with a diameter of 300 mm Two defects with a diameter of 0.5~2 mm are allowed within a circle with a diameter of 300 mm Not more than 2. 0 mm
Take 3 samples for testing, and the transmittance of each sample must be greater than 50%. The transmittance of colored glass shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 5.2.7 Optical distortion
Take 4 pieces of products for testing. The maximum optical distortion of each piece of product except the 150mm edge should be less than 6°. 5.2.8 Heat resistance
Take 3 samples for testing. After the test, each sample is allowed to have a crack, but the part beyond the edge or crack 13mm shall not produce bubbles or other defects. Tempered laminated glass, curved laminated glass and laminated glass with more than 3 pieces of original glass shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 5.2.9 Impact resistance
For the impact resistance of laminated glass, 6 samples are taken for testing. When 5 or more samples meet the requirements of 1) and 2) below, they are qualified. When 3 or less samples meet the requirements, they are unqualified. When 4 samples meet the requirements, 6 new samples are added. When all 6 samples meet the requirements, they are qualified. Tempered laminated glass, curved laminated glass and laminated glass with more than 3 original glass plates shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 1) The steel ball cannot penetrate the sample;
2) The mass of the peeled fragments on the opposite side of the impact surface is less than 20g. 5.2.10 Radiation resistance
Take 3 samples for testing. The percentage of transmittance of the 3 samples before and after ultraviolet irradiation shall be ≥95%, and there shall be no significant changes (discoloration, bubbling, haziness, etc.) when checked with a white background. When 1 sample meets the requirements, it is unqualified. When 2 samples meet the requirements, 3 new samples are added for testing. If all 3 samples meet the requirements, they are qualified. 5.2.11 Penetration resistance
Take 6 samples for testing, the ball drop height is 4m, and the steel ball cannot penetrate the sample within 5s after impact. All 6 samples are qualified, and 4 or less samples are unqualified. When 5 samples meet the requirements, 6 new samples are tested. If all 6 samples meet the requirements, they are qualified. 5.3 Requirements for safety insulating glass
5.3.1 Thickness
The thickness of safety insulating glass is the sum of the nominal thickness of the original glass and the nominal thickness of the air layer. The thickness is agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. The allowable deviation of the thickness of safety insulating glass is shown in Table 14. However, the allowable deviation of the thickness of the safety insulating glass is agreed upon by the supply and demand parties for products with more than 2 layers of air layer or products with a thickness of more than 15mm for the original glass, curved insulating glass and products using more than 2 laminated glasses. Table 14 Nominal thickness and its allowable deviation
Nominal thickness d
17≤d22
d≥22
Allowable deviation
5.3.2 Dimension deviation
5.3.2.1 The allowable deviation of the length and width of rectangular and square safety insulating glass is shown in Table 15. However, the products with a length exceeding 2200mm and the products with more than 2 air layers shall be agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 512
Nominal thickness
GB18045--2000
Table 15 Allowable deviation of the size of rectangular and square safety insulating glass Side
L<1200
1200≤1800
1800≤L<2200
The allowable deviation of the size of safety insulating glass other than rectangular and square is shown in Table 16. 1 However, for products with a length exceeding
2200mm and an air layer of more than 2 layers, the supplier and the buyer shall agree on the following: Table 16 Permissible deviation of dimensions of safety insulating glass other than rectangular and square Permissible deviation of dimensions of straight part
Nominal thickness d
d≥17
5.3.3 Curvature
L<1 200
Side length L
1200≤2200
The curvature of flat safety insulating glass shall not exceed 0.3%. 5.3.4 Fit
The fit of curved safety insulating glass is shown in Table 17. Table 17
Nominal thickness
Allowable deviation of the size of the curved part
Area s of the product
Fitting degree of curved safety insulating glass
Length of the long side L
And the sum of the gaps at the symmetrical position ≤5. 0
Agreed by both parties
Dimension of the reference side
Allowable deviation
1 200≤≤2 200
and the sum of the gaps in symmetrical positions ≤6.0
5.3.5 Appearance
The appearance quality of safety insulating glass, in addition to meeting the appearance quality requirements specified in 5.1.5 and 5.2.5, shall also comply with the provisions of Table 18Table 18 Appearance quality of safety insulating glass
Types of defects
Adhesive scattering
Flat insulating glass shall not exceed 2.0mm
Curved insulating glass shall not exceed 3.0mm
Allowable range of defects
Stains on the enclosed gas surface shall not affect the perspective performance. The adhesive on the enclosed gas surface shall not exceed 2.0mm of the aluminum frame. 5.3.6 Dew point
Safety insulating glass shall be sampled and inspected in accordance with Table 22, with a minimum sample size of 5 pieces. The dew point of the air sealed by each piece of safety insulating glass shall be below -40℃.
5.3.7 Accelerated durability
1) The classification according to the level of accelerated durability test is shown in Table 19. 513
GB 18045---2000
Applicable test items and test levels
Humidity and light resistance test 7 days + hot and cold cycle test 12 times Humidity and light resistance test 14 days + hot and cold cycle test 24 times Humidity and light resistance test 42 days + hot and cold cycle test 72 times 2) Accelerated durability test of safety insulating glass Take 6 samples and test them according to 6.3.7. The dew point of each sample should be lower than -35°C. During the test, 2 or less samples are allowed to break. After replacing new samples, all tests should be carried out on the new samples from the beginning. 6 Test methods
6.1 Inspection methods for thickness and size of safety glass 6.1.1 Determination of thickness
Use a dry ruler conforming to GB1216 or an instrument with the same accuracy to measure the midpoint of each side of the glass. The arithmetic mean of the measurement results is the thickness value. And round off to two decimal places in millimeters. 6.1.2 Determination of size
Use a length instrument with a minimum scale of 1 mm to measure. 6.1.3 Determination of curvature
Use a flat product as a sample, place it vertically, place a ruler conforming to JB2546 horizontally and close to the sample, and use a feeler gauge to measure the gap between the straight edge of the ruler and the glass. For bow-shaped, it is expressed as the percentage of the ratio of the arc height to the length of the chord; for wave-shaped, it is expressed as the percentage of the ratio of the height from trough to peak to the distance from peak to peak (or trough to trough). 6.1.4 Determination of fit
Determination of fitUse the curved product as the sample, place the sample on the inspection mold as shown in Figure 1, and use a feeler gauge with a reading accuracy of 0.1mm to measure the gap between the glass sample and the inspection mold. Stopper
Sample (glass)
Figure 1 Inspection mold and feeler gauge
6.2 Appearance inspection method of safety glass
Use the product as the sample, and visually inspect it at a distance of 500mm from the glass surface under good natural light or scattered light conditions. When measuring the length or diameter of the appearance defect, use a metal ruler with a scale accurate to 0.5mm in accordance with JB2546. 6.3 Test method of basic properties
The samples used in the tests of the following properties are all samples with the same thickness, the same material, and prepared under the same process conditions as the product. 6.3.1 Transmittance test
Use the product or test piece as the sample and measure it according to the method of GB/T5137.2. 6.3.2 Optical distortion test
GB 18045—2000
Use the product as the sample and measure it according to the method of GB/T5137.2. 6.3.3 Heat resistance test
The sample size is about 300mm×300mm for laminated glass, and the test is carried out according to the method of GB/T5137.3. 6.3.4 Impact resistance test
6.3.4.1 Sample
300mm×300mm tempered glass or laminated glass. 6.3.4.2 Test device
Use the sample holder as shown in Figure 2 and the device that allows the steel ball to fall freely; the mass of the steel ball is 508g±3g (diameter is about 50mm) and the surface is smooth.
6.3.4.3 Test procedure
1) When the sample is laminated glass, store it at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C for at least 4 hours before testing. The sample temperature of tempered glass is 20°C ± 15°C. 2) Place the sample horizontally on the support frame, and use a rubber strip with a hardness of Shore A50 in accordance with GB/T531 to pad the contact part. The impact surface is equivalent to the outer side when installed on the vehicle. When testing curved glass, it is necessary to use a corresponding auxiliary frame support. 3) Let the steel ball fall freely at the height specified in Table 20. The impact point should be within 25mm from the center of the sample. 4) Each sample is impacted only once, and the results after the impact are observed: when the sample is tempered glass, observe whether it is damaged; when the sample is laminated glass, observe whether the steel ball penetrates, and use a balance with a reading accurate to 0.5g to measure the total mass of the fragments peeled off from the opposite side of the impact surface.
Height of falling steel ball
Glass type
Tempered glass
Laminated glass
6.3.5 Fragmentation state test
Nominal thickness
Rubber sheet (thickness 3, width 15)
Hardness A50
10 (minimum)
Rubber sheet (thickness 3)
Specimen holder for drop ball test
Drop ball height
6.3.5.1Specimen
Extract from the product.
6.3.5.2*Testing device
GB 18045--2000
Exposure and printing device; hammer or punch with a tip curvature radius of 0.2mm±0.05mm. 6.3.5.3Testing steps
1) Place the specimen on a second specimen of the same shape and size, place photosensitive paper between the two specimens, and stick them firmly along the periphery with transparent tape.
2) Use a small hammer or punch to impact the sample at a position about 20mm away from the periphery on the center line of the longest side of the sample to break the sample. 3) The exposure of the photosensitive paper should start within 10s after the impact and end within 3min after the impact. 4) After the image is developed, remove the part within 20mm of the periphery and 75mm from the impact point, select the part with the largest fragments from the image, and use a 50mmX50mm counting frame to count the number of fragments in the frame. Fragments that cross the edge of the counting frame are counted as 0.5 fragments. When the number of fragments in the counting frame is less than 40, use a 100mm×100mm counting frame to count the number of fragments including this part.
6.3.6 Dew point test
6.3.6.1 Sample
The size of the sample is 350mm×500mm.
6.3.6.2 Test apparatus
Use a steel plate container and a rod-shaped thermometer (with a scale of 1°C and a measuring range of +30 to 70°C) or a temperature indicator with the same or higher accuracy as shown in Figure 3.
6.3.6.3 Test procedure
1) Before the test, keep the sample in an environment of 23°C ± 2°C for more than 24 hours. 2) Pour ethanol or acetone into the container to the upper end of surface A, then add dry ice or other refrigerant, and maintain this temperature during the test. 3) Place the sample vertically, determine any measuring position and wipe it clean with a cloth, apply a layer of ethanol or acetone on the surface A of the container (the center of surface A is taken from surface A), and keep the sample close to this surface for the time specified in Table 21. 4) Remove the container, quickly wipe off the frost attached to the glass surface by hand within 30 seconds, and immediately observe whether there is condensation or frost on the inner surface of the sample.
α·About 100mmzb-About 50 mm;h--About 150mm;t--3mm;t--3mm;A-Stainless steel, about 50mm×60mmFigure 3
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