CB/T 1216-1992 Technical requirements for welding of TA5 titanium alloy

This standard specifies the welding materials, welding process specifications, welding performance inspection, etc. of TA5 titanium alloy. This standard is applicable to the welding of TA5 titanium alloy, and can also be used as a reference for the welding of industrial pure titanium and other α-type and near-α-type titanium alloys. CB/T 1216-1992 Technical conditions for welding of TA5 titanium alloy CB/T1216-1992 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

China State Shipbuilding Corporation Department Standard
Technical Conditions for Welding of TA5 Titanium Alloy
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the welding materials, welding procedure, welding performance inspection, etc. of TA5 titanium alloy. CB/T121692
Classification Number: U05
This standard is applicable to the welding of TA5 titanium alloy, and can also be used as a reference for the welding of industrial pure titanium and other α-type and near-α-type titanium alloys. 2 Reference standards
GB2649
GB2650
GB2651
GB2653
GB2965
GB3323
GB 3620
GB3621
GB3623
GB3624
GB3625
GB4191
GB4842
GBn 194
GBn195
Steel pressure vessels
Steel shell and tube heat exchangers
Methods of notation for weld symbols
Basic types and dimensions of grooves for gas welding, manual arc welding and gas shielded weldingMethods of sampling for mechanical property tests of welded jointsMethods of impact tests of welded joints
Methods of tensile tests of welded joints
Methods of bending and flattening tests of welded joints
Titanium and titanium alloy bars
Radiography of steel fusion welded butt joints Photography and quality classification of titanium and titanium alloy grades and chemical composition
Titanium and titanium alloy plates
Titanium and titanium alloy wires
Titanium and titanium alloy seamless pipes
Seamless titanium pipes for heat exchangers and condensers
Tungsten-plated electrodes for inert gas shielded arc welding and plasma welding and cutting with ammonia
Titanium and titanium alloy cakes
Titanium and titanium alloy forgings
GJB943
GJB944
JB1152
Surface ship specifications
Submarine specifications
TA5-A titanium alloy forgings for submarines
TA5-A titanium alloy plates for submarines
Ultrasonic testing of butt welds of boilers and steel pressure vesselsPressure vessel welding procedure assessment
JB3964
3 Terminology
3.1α titanium alloyαtitaniumalloy
Titanium alloy containing α stabilizer and basically α phase in stable state at room temperature. Approved by China State Shipbuilding Corporation on July 4, 1992 and implemented on March 1, 1993
3.2 Near α titanium alloynearatitaniumalloyCB/T1216—92
Titanium alloy with a small amount of β stabilizer added to α alloy and the β phase content is generally less than 10% in stable state at room temperature. 3.3 Interstitialelement The atomic radius of interstitialelement is relatively small. After dissolving in titanium, it is located in the gap of titanium lattice. Usually refers to oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon. 4 Materials
4.1 The parent material shall meet the requirements of GB2965, GB3620, GB3621, GBn194, GBn195, GJB943 and GJB944. Or meet the requirements set out in the technical conditions for equipment design. 4.2 Filler metal: TA4 welding wire should be used for welding TA5 titanium alloy, and the chemical composition of the welding wire shall meet the requirements of Table 1. It shall be supplied in vacuum annealing state. Other requirements for welding wire shall meet the requirements of GB3623. Table 1 Chemical composition of TA4 welding wire
Chemical composition, %
4.3 Shielding gas: It is recommended to use primary pure argon, and it shall meet the requirements of GB4842. 4.4 Tungsten electrode: It is recommended to use tungsten-cerium electrode, and it shall meet the requirements of GB4191. 5 Welding methods and equipment
5.1 Welding methods
It is recommended to use DC tungsten inert gas welding, and metal inert gas shielded welding and plasma arc welding can also be used. 5.2 Welding equipment
For DC tungsten inert gas welding and plasma arc welding, a DC power supply with steep external characteristics should be used, and for metal inert gas shielded welding, a power supply with flat characteristics should be used. The current fluctuation of the power supply should be small. In the low current range, the welding machine should have good control and adjustment performance and a current attenuation system.
5.3 Welding torch
A special welding torch for titanium welding should be used, and the nozzle diameter can be selected in the range of 14 to 19 mm according to the size of the weld. When a drag hood is used, the drag hood used can be made by itself according to the shape of the weld and the production conditions. 6 Welding fixtures
6.1 Copper fixtures (natural cooling or water cooling) should be used, and other non-magnetic materials can also be used as positioning fixtures for welding joints or fixtures used to cool the adjacent areas of the weld.
6.2 For TA5 weldments with a thickness not exceeding 3mm, the distance between the fixture and the edge of the molten weld should be greater than 3mm. For TA5 weldments with a thickness of more than 3mm, the distance between the fixture and the edge of the molten weld should be greater than 6mm. Other metal materials can also be used as positioning fixtures for welding joints. 7 Preparation before welding
7.1 Material performance re-inspection
Before welding, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the TA5 parent material and the matching TA4 welding wire used should be re-inspected according to the material standards or order requirements. They can only be used after they are qualified.
7.2 Joint design
The design of the welding joint of TA5 titanium alloy can refer to the provisions of GB985 and be designed according to the plate thickness. The symbols and definitions of its joints should comply with the provisions of GB324.
7.3 Preparation of groove
7.3.1 The preparation of groove should comply with the requirements of the drawing. CB/T1216-92
7.3.2 The groove should be processed by mechanical or grinding methods, and the metal should not be overheated. When grinding the groove, it is recommended to use a carbide grinding wheel. Clean grinding wheels can also be used, but grinding wheels that have been used to grind steel, grinding wheels with low hardness or adhesive grinding wheels cannot be used. 7.3.3 When grinding wheels are used to grind the groove, files, diamond emery cloth or stainless steel wire brushes should be used to remove the grinding wheel particles attached to the groove surface. 7.4 Tools and differentials
7.4.1 The welding fixtures and tools used should be cleaned of dust, grease, oil, and markers with acetone or alcohol. The tools used can only be used for titanium and cannot be mixed with tools used for steel structure welding. 7.4.2 Welders and fitters should wear clean white gloves and clean work clothes. 7.5 Pickling and cleaning
In order to remove scale and dirt, the parent material and filler materials used should be carefully and strictly cleaned. 7.5.1 Degreasing
Use dilute sodium hydroxide solution or industrial alcohol to remove residual grease or dirt on the surface. 7.5.2 Pickling to remove fluorinated scale
7.5.2.1 For slight oxide scale formed at temperatures below 600°C, the following solution, temperature and time can be used for pickling: hydrofluoric acid (HF): 2%~4%;
nitric acid (HNO,): 30%~40%;
water (H,O): balance;
temperature: room temperature to 60°C;
time: 220min (time depends on the thickness of the oxide scale). e.
After pickling, rinse with clean water immediately. 7.5.2.2 For thicker oxide scale formed at temperatures above 600°C, mechanical methods (such as sandblasting, grinding) can be used to remove it, and then pickling treatment according to 7.5.2.1 is carried out after treatment.
7.6 Cleaning of groove before welding
Before welding, the groove and the parent material at least 25mm of the groove edge should be brushed clean with a stainless steel wire brush, and wiped with a clean white silk cloth (cotton cloth or cotton yarn should not be used) and acetone to remove all rust, paint, dirt, metal powder, dust and other debris that may react with titanium. The welding edge should be flat, and no defects such as cracks, burrs, pressure pits, scratches, etc. are allowed. Welding should be carried out as soon as possible after cleaning, otherwise it needs to be cleaned again. 7.7 Welding environment
7.7.1 Welding of titanium alloys should be carried out in an independent and clean processing workshop. 7.7.2 If welding is carried out in a steel operation workshop, it should be separated from the steel operation area. 7.7.3 There should be no draft in the welding area. 7.7.4 Smoking is strictly prohibited in the welding area.
7.7.5 The working environment temperature should not be lower than 5℃. 8 Welding
8.1 Assembly and tack welding
8.1.1 During assembly, the fixtures and welding grooves used must be kept clean. During tack welding, welding should be carried out under the same conditions as the formal weld. If the tack weld has cracks, the tack weld should be removed and repositioned before welding. 8.1.2 The assembly misalignment of the two parent metals of the welded joint shall not exceed 2mm or 10% of the nominal thickness of the thinnest part of the joint, whichever is smaller.
8.2 Gas shielding of welds
Reliable gas shielding must be provided on both sides of the weld, and the shielding gas should comply with 4.3. The front protection of the weld should be carried out by welding torch suitable for titanium alloy welding or additional tail protection. The back protection of the weld can be carried out by passing protective gas in the groove of the fixture pad, back protective gas hood or argon protection in the inner cavity of the weld according to the shape and size of the weldment. 3
8.2.1 Protective gas system
CB/T1216-92
Gas conduits, valves, pressure reducers, flow meters, hoses, pipelines, welding torches and other related equipment must be clean, leak-free and dry. Nylon plastic pipes should be used, and rubber pipes are not recommended. The system should maintain the dew point of the gas on the welding torch not higher than -50℃. Before each welding, it must be ventilated in advance to remove the residual air in the welding protective gas system. 8.2.2 Before welding, the gas protection system should be inspected with a stainless steel test plate or a titanium test plate. If a silver-white appearance without discoloration is obtained, the protection is considered qualified. The determined gas protection flow is correct. 8.2.3 Gas should be supplied in advance before arc initiation, and gas should be shut off after arc extinguishing. The gas shutoff time should be delayed to ensure that the weld at the arc extinguishing position is silver-white after cooling.
8.3 Arc initiation and arc extinguishing
It is recommended to use pulse arc initiation and high-frequency arc initiation. When short-circuit arc initiation is used, arc initiation plate and lead-out plate should be used. 8.4 Welding process parameters
8.4.1 Basic principles for selecting welding process parameters The correct matching of the line energy for smooth formation of the weld and the reliable gas protection of the weld is the basic principle for selecting welding process parameters. For welds with a thickness of less than 3mm, a slow welding speed and a small welding current should be used. For welds with a thickness of more than 3mm, a fast welding speed and a large welding current should be used. However, the selected welding line energy must meet the requirements of 8.2.2 at the same time. 8.4.2 Tungsten electrode
8.4.2.1 It is recommended to use tungsten electrode, which should comply with the provisions of GB4191. The diameter of tungsten electrode selected for different welding currents is shown in Table 2. Table 2 Selection of tungsten-cerium electrodes
Welding current
70~150
150~250
250~350
340~400
Tungsten electrode diameter
8.4.2.2 The tip of the tungsten electrode should be ground to an angle of 15°~40°, and the length of the tungsten electrode extending from the nozzle is generally 5~7mm. For welding at deeper V-shaped grooves and corners, the extension length can be increased to 25~30mm, but the extension length should be limited to the shortest possible distance to ensure good protection. If the shape of the tip changes during tungsten electrode welding, the tungsten electrode should be ground to the specified shape in time. 8.4.3 Arc length
The arc length should be as short as possible, and generally an arc length of about 1~3mm is appropriate. 8.4.4 Welding interlayer temperature
TA5 titanium alloy welding does not require preheating. The interlayer temperature during multi-layer welding should be controlled below 100℃. The weld temperature can be measured with a spot thermometer.
8.5 Cleaning during welding
8.5.1 During multi-layer welding, the surface of each layer of weld metal should be inspected and cleaned as required to ensure that there are no defects on the weld surface that may cause the integrity of the weld. For light yellow and light blue oxide scales, stainless steel wire brushes should be used to remove them, and clean white silk cloth with acetone (or alcohol) should be used to remove residual debris.
8.5.2 For defects such as tungsten inclusions or excessive oxidation and cracks generated during multi-layer welding, these defects should be removed first. When cleaning, use an electric carbide knife or an electric tungsten carbide grinding knife to clean. After confirming that the cleaning is complete, continue cleaning according to the requirements of 8.5.1. If an angle grinder or a grinding wheel machine is used to clean these defects, the remaining sand in the grinding area must be removed with a hard metal scraper, and then further cleaned according to the requirements of 8.5.1.
8.5.3 It is not allowed to remove the oxidation color by re-welding the contaminated weld to improve the appearance of the weld. 4
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8.5.4 The end of the molten welding filler material should always be under the reliable protection of argon gas. If the end is found to be contaminated and discolored, the contaminated discolored section should be cut off when welding again. And remove the weld metal welded with the contaminated end. 8.6 Weld size
The weld should meet the size requirements specified in the design drawings. If the drawings do not specify, it should meet the following requirements. 8.6.1 Weld reinforcement
The maximum reinforcement of the front and back sides of the weld should meet the requirements of Figure 1 and Table 3. Figure 1 Weld reinforcement dimensions
Table 3 Weld reinforcement dimensions
Base metal thickness (thinnest part) H
>5.0~12.5
8.6.2 Weld width
The maximum allowable weld width shall be equal to the opening width of the groove plus 3.0mm. 8.6.3 Requirements for fillet welds
Weld reinforcement e
Fillet welds shall comply with the requirements of the design drawings or relevant standards such as GB150, GB151, GB985, GJB64.1, GJB64.2, and shall have a smooth transition.
9 Welding procedure qualification
Welding procedure qualification shall be formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of this technical condition and in combination with the requirements of JB3964. Then, on the basis of the welding procedure qualification report that meets the performance of the welded joint, a welding procedure specification shall be formulated in combination with the design requirements and welding practical experience as the basis for welding production.
10 Post-weld heat treatment
10.1 When required by the design, post-weld heat treatment can be carried out. Post-weld heat treatment can be carried out in a vacuum furnace, an electric furnace or a gas furnace. 10.2 If annealing is carried out in a gas furnace, the atmosphere in the furnace should be controlled to be neutral or slightly oxidizing. The heating flame should not be allowed to directly contact the titanium surface. 10.3 When required by the design, the oxide scale formed during annealing should be removed. 10.4 Annealing is carried out according to Figure 2.
CB/T1216--92
Figure 2 Post-weld heat treatment systembZxz.net
The selection of the holding time t should be based on the weld with the maximum thickness in the welded structure and should be selected in accordance with Table 4. Table 4 Insulation time selection table
Maximum cross-sectional thickness of weld
>5.5~25.0
Note; The principle of selecting t is that for every 1mm increase in weld thickness, the insulation time A increases by 3min. 11 Weld quality inspection
11.1 Inspectors
Insulation time t
Inspectors should undergo certain technical training, correctly grasp the characteristics and quality rating standards of titanium alloy welding, and obtain the approval qualification of relevant departments.
11.2 Process inspection
After each process in the welding construction process is completed, it must be inspected and qualified before it can be transferred to the next process. 11.3 Appearance inspection of welds
11.3.1 The external dimensions of the weld should meet the requirements of the design drawings. 11.3.2 The surface of the weld and the heat-affected zone shall not have defects such as cracks, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, arc pits, pores, slag inclusions and excessive undercuts. 11.3.3 Important welds, i.e., Class A and B welds in 10.1.5 of GB150, shall not have undercuts on the weld surface. 11.3.4 Non-important welds, i.e., Class C and D welds in 10.1.5 of GB150, shall not have undercuts on the weld surface. The depth of undercuts on the weld surface shall not exceed 5% of the thickness of the parent material and shall not be greater than 0.3mm. The total length of undercuts shall not exceed 10% of the total length of the weld and the continuous length shall not exceed 50mm. 11.4 Weld color inspection
The appearance color of the weld can indicate the degree of contamination of the weld and serve as the basis for on-site inspection of weld quality and repair during welding. See Table 5 for weld color and correction measures. CB/T1216-92
Table 5 Weld color and corrective measures
Weld surface color
Silver white
Golden yellow
Light blue
Blue or purple
Gray or yellow powder
11.5 Radiographic inspection
Weld quality
Unqualified
Unqualified
Protective effect
Corrective measures
Before welding the next weld, use a stainless steel wire brush to completely remove the weld and adjacent metal. Before re-welding, improve the protection conditions
Completely remove the weld and heat-affected zone, check the leakage and gas supply of the protection system, and before re-welding, conduct a weld test. Radiographic inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB3323 or according to the design technical requirements. The filming percentage and qualified standard shall comply with the provisions of the design drawings and technical conditions.
11.6 Ultrasonic flaw detection
For welds that cannot be inspected by radiography, ultrasonic testing may be performed if required by the design. The flaw detection method shall be in accordance with JB1152. The flaw detection percentage and qualified standards shall comply with the design drawings and technical requirements. 11.7 Liquid penetrant inspection
Liquid penetrant inspection shall be performed if required by the design. The inspection method shall be in accordance with Appendix H of GB150. The inspection scope and qualified standards shall comply with the design drawings and technical requirements. 11.8 Requirements for welding test plates
11.8.1 The welding of welding test plates must be consistent with the pre-welding preparation, welding materials, welding process and welding conditions used for the weldment, and the welding must be carried out at the same time as the weldment. Welding test plates should be undertaken by welders who have passed the examination. 11.8.2 For weldments that require post-weld heat treatment, welding test plates should be subjected to furnace heat treatment together with the weldment, and the number and procedure of heat treatment should be the same as those of the weldment.
11.8.3 The dimensions of welding test plates should comply with the provisions of GB2649. 11.8.4 The welds of welding test plates must be 100% radiographically inspected, and the evaluation criteria are the same as those of the weldment they represent. Sampling inspection can only be carried out after passing the inspection.
11.9 Mechanical property test of welded joints
11.9.1 Preparation of specimens
The location of specimen cutting shall be appropriately distributed within the effective utilization range of the test plate according to the results of weld appearance inspection and non-destructive testing, and shall comply with the provisions of GB2649.
11.9.2 Tensile test
Two specimens shall be taken for inspection according to the provisions of GB2651. The tensile strength of both specimens shall not be less than 90% of the value specified in the parent material standard. If one specimen fails, two more specimens shall be taken for re-inspection. If all are qualified, it is qualified. If there is still one unqualified, it is unqualified. 11.9.3 Bending test
Two transverse positive bending specimens and two transverse reverse bending specimens shall be taken according to the provisions of GB2653 for bending test. During the test, the weld and heat-affected zone of the specimen shall all be within the bending range of the specimen, the bending axis diameter d=4α (a is the specimen thickness), and the bending angle α of all specimens ≥90° shall not crack. If one sample fails, two more samples should be taken for re-testing. If all of them pass, it is qualified. If one still fails, it is unqualified.
11.9.4 Impact test
Three Charpy impact test specimens shall be taken according to the provisions of GB2650. The notch position shall be on the weld metal of the vertical plate surface. The test temperature shall be determined according to the design requirements of 7
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, and the impact value shall not be less than 90% of the value specified in the parent material standard. If one sample fails, three more impact test specimens shall be taken for re-testing. If all of them pass, it is qualified. If one still fails, it is unqualified. 11.10 Hardness test of welded joints
Hardness test of welded joints shall be carried out when there are design requirements. 11.10.1 Hardness test specimen
The hardness specimen shall include all parts of the welded joint (weld metal, heat-affected zone, parent material). The test shall be carried out on the cross section of the welded joint. For titanium welded joints with a thickness of less than 3mm, the hardness can be measured on the outer surface of the specimen. 11.10.2 Hardness test position
The number of points for measuring the hardness of each part of the welded joint shall not be less than 3 points, and the test method shall comply with the relevant technical conditions. 11.10.3 Hardness test results
The hardness of the weld and the heat-affected zone is not higher than HV30 of the parent material hardness, which is qualified. 12 Repair of welding defects and welder marking
12.1 When unacceptable defects are found on the weld, repair shall be carried out. When repairing, the defects shall be thoroughly removed first, and repair welding shall be carried out after the defects are confirmed to be completely removed through inspection. Repair welding shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this technical condition. 12.2 The repair process shall be agreed by the responsible welding engineer. The number of repairs on the same part of the weld shall generally not exceed two times. If it exceeds two times, it shall be approved by the chief technical officer of the construction unit, or resolved through negotiation by the relevant departments. After the repair, the original record of the repair shall be recorded in the quality tracking file. 12.3 When there is a design requirement, the welding date and welder of each weld shall be traceable and identifiable, and records shall be kept. 13 Welders
13.1 Welders shall undergo special training and examinations, and be proficient in the requirements of this technical condition. 13.2 The training and examination of welders shall be conducted under the leadership of the main examination institution and the quality assurance inspection department. 14 Safety protection
14.1 The welding equipment must be installed correctly and reliably, the electric welder shall be well grounded, and the cable shall be well insulated. 14.2 The welding site shall have good ventilation equipment, and welding in narrow containers shall be supervised by a dedicated person. 14.3 Welders must wear work clothes as required to prevent burns, scalds and arc burns. Additional Notes:
This standard was proposed by the Marine Material Application Technology Sub-Committee of the National Technical Committee for Marine Ship Standardization. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Luoyang Marine Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. This standard was drafted by the Luoyang Marine Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. The main drafters of this standard are Jiang Chengyu, Yan Lian, Wang Ting, Wei Wu, Zhang Fali and Wu Jing.3 Welders must wear work clothes as required to prevent burns, scalds and arc burns. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Marine Ship Standardization, Marine Material Application Technology Sub-Committee. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. This standard was drafted by the Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. The main drafters of this standard are Jiang Chengyu, Yan Lian, Wang Ting, Wei Wu, Zhang Fali and Wu Jing. 003 Welders must wear work clothes as required to prevent burns, scalds and arc burns. Additional notes:
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Marine Ship Standardization, Marine Material Application Technology Sub-Committee. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. This standard was drafted by the Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation. The main drafters of this standard are Jiang Chengyu, Yan Lian, Wang Ting, Wei Wu, Zhang Fali and Wu Jing. 00
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