GB/T 5271.11-2000 Information technology vocabulary Part 11: Processors

This part of the standard is formulated to facilitate international communication in information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. This standard defines concepts such as text processing, text editor, text output and text editing. GB/T 5271.11-2000 Information Technology Vocabulary Part 11: Processors GB/T5271.11-2000 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T 5271. 11—2000
This standard is equivalent to the international standard SO/IEC2382-11:1987 "Information Technology Vocabulary Part 11: Processors". Except for the introduction of the original international standard, this standard is basically consistent with the original international standard in other contents and forms. This standard replaces the national standard GB/T5271.11-1985 from the date of implementation. The purpose of formulating information technology vocabulary standards is to facilitate international exchanges in information processing. It provides the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between the terms. This standard defines concepts such as processors, arithmetic units, registers and converters.
The GB/T5271 terminology series national standards consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". This standard is the 11th part of the GB/T5271 terminology series national standards. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The drafting unit of this standard: China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Ying, Feng Hui and Yu Panxiang. This standard was first published on March 11, 1985. 267
GB/T5271.11—2000
ISO/IEC Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are specialized organizations for standardization worldwide. National member bodies (which are members of ISO or IEC) participate in the formulation of international standards for specific technical scopes through technical committees established by international organizations. ISO and IEC technical committees cooperate in areas of common interest. Other official and non-official international organizations in contact with ISO and IEC may also participate in the formulation of international standards. For information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, namely ISO/IEC JTC1. The draft international standards proposed by the joint technical committee are circulated to national member bodies for voting. At least 75% of the national member bodies participating in the voting must vote in favor of publishing an international standard.
International Standard ISO/IEC 2382-11 was developed by SC1 Vocabulary, Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC1 Information Technology.
ISO/IEC 2382 consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information technology vocabulary". 268
1 Overview
1.1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Information technology--Vocabulary-Part 11:Processing units
GB/T 5271. 11—2000
eqv IS0/1EC 2382-11:1987
Replaces GB/T5271.11—1985
This part of the standard is specially formulated to facilitate international communication in information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing, and clarifies the relationship between these items. In order to facilitate the translation of this standard into other languages, the definitions given avoid language specificity as much as possible. This standard defines concepts such as text processing, text editor, text output and text editing. 1.2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute this standard through reference in this standard Article. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T4880-1991 Language name code (eqvISO639: 1988) GB/T15237-1994 Basic vocabulary of terminology (eqvISO1087: 1990) 1.3 Principles and rules to follow
1.3.1 Definition of entries
Chapter 2 includes many entries. Each entry consists of the necessary elements of the item, including an index number, a term or several synonyms, and a phrase that defines a concept . In addition, an entry may include examples, annotations or explanations to facilitate understanding of the concept. Sometimes the same term may be defined by different entries, or an entry may include two or more concepts, as explained in 1.3.5 and 1.3.8 respectively. This standard uses other terms, such as vocabulary, concepts, terms and definitions, whose meanings are defined in GB/T 15327. 1.3.2 Composition of entries
Each entry includes the required elements specified in 1.3.1, and some elements may be added if necessary. The entries include the following elements in the following order:
a) Index number (for all languages ​​of this standard published public); b) a term or a preferred term in a language. If there is no preferred term for a concept in a language, it is represented by a five-dot symbol (.··.); in a term, dots are used to indicate a word selected in each specific instance; c) a country's preferred term (indicated according to GB/T 4880 rules); d) abbreviations of terms; permitted synonyms; e) the body of the definition (see 1.3.4);
f) one or more examples starting with "Example"; g) one or more notes indicating special examples in the concept application field starting with "Note"; h) pictures, diagrams or tables shared by entries. 1.3.3 Classification of terms
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on July 14, 2000, and implemented on March 1, 2001
GB/T 5271. 11—2000
Each part of this series of standards is assigned a two-digit serial number, starting with 01, which represents "basic terms". Terms are classified into groups, and each group is assigned a four-digit serial number; the first two digits indicate the part of the standard in which the group is located. Each term is assigned a six-digit index number; the first four digits indicate the standard part and group in which the term is located. In order to make the versions of this series of standards in different languages ​​related, the serial numbers assigned to the standard parts, groups and terms should be the same. 1.3.4 Choice of terms and definitions
Terms and definitions should be selected in accordance with the prescribed usage as much as possible. In case of contradictions, the majority agreement method shall be adopted. 1.3.5 Polysemy
If a given term has several meanings in a working language, each meaning is given a separate entry to facilitate translation into other languages.
1.3.6 Abbreviations
As indicated in 1.3.2, currently used abbreviations are assigned to some terms. These abbreviations are not used in the text of definitions, examples or notes.
1.3.7 Use of parentheses
In some terms, a word or words printed in bold are placed in parentheses. These words are part of the complete term. When the use of abbreviated terms in technical articles does not affect the meaning of the context, these words can be abbreviated. In the main text of definitions, examples or notes of GB/T5271, these terms are used in full form. In some entries, the term is followed by text in normal font placed in parentheses. These words are not part of the term, but indicate relevant information about the use of the term, such as its special application or its grammatical form. 1.3.8 Use of square brackets
If the definitions of several closely related terms differ by only a few words, these terms and their definitions are grouped together in one entry. Alternative words to indicate different meanings are placed in square brackets in the same order as in the term and in the definition: To avoid ambiguity of the replaced word, the last word placed before the brackets according to the above rules may be placed inside the square brackets and repeated for each change. 1.3.9 Use of boldface terms and use of asterisks in definitions When a term is printed in boldface in a definition, example or note, it indicates that the term has been defined in another entry of this vocabulary. However, the term is printed in boldface only when it first appears in each entry. Boldface is also used for other grammatical forms of a term, such as plural nouns and participle forms of verbs. The basic forms of all terms that appear in boldface in GB/T 5271 are listed in the index at the end of this part (see 1.3.11). When two boldface terms are cited in different entries one immediately after the other, separate them with an asterisk (or simply with punctuation).
Words or terms appearing in ordinary font are to be understood as defined in general dictionaries or authoritative technical vocabulary. 1.3.10 Spelling
In the English version of this series of standards, the spelling of terms, definitions, examples and notes generally follows the American English spelling. Other correct spellings may be used without conflicting with this series of standards. 1.3.11 Preparation of Index Tables
For each language used, an alphabetical index is provided at the end of each part. The index includes all the terms defined in that part. Multi-word terms appear in alphabetical order after each keyword. 2 Terms and Definitions
11 Processor
01.03.02 Processorprocessing unitcentral processing unit (deprecated)central processing unit (deprecated)270
GB/T 5271. 11—2000
CPU(abbreviation) (deprecated)CPU(abbreviation) (deprecated)mainframe (deprecated)A functional unit consisting of one or more processors and their internal memory. 11.01 General Architecture of Processing Units
Processor; processorprocessor
A functional unit in a computer that interprets and executes *instructions. Note
A processor includes at least an instruction controller and an arithmetic logic unit. 2 This clause replaces clause 10.01.02 of GB/T5271.10-1985. 11.01.02
(instruction)control unit A component of a processor that fetches instructions in the proper sequence, interprets each instruction, and applies appropriate signals to the arithmetic logic unit and other components based on this interpretation. 11.01.03 main control unit An instruction controller in a processor with more than one instruction controller, to which all other instruction controllers are subordinate at a given time interval.
Note: In an operating system, an instruction controller may be designated as the main controller by hardware, software, or both. 11.01.04 clock
A component that generates periodic, accurately spaced signals for timing, coordinating the operation of a processor, or generating interrupts. 11. 01. 05
masterclockmasterclock
A clock whose main function is to control other clocks. 11. 01.06 microprocessormicroprocessorA processor whose components are miniaturized into one or more integrated circuits. 11. 01.07 multiprocessormultiprocessorA computer that includes two or more processors that can access the main memory together. 11. 01. 08
3arithmetic [logicarithmetic and logic] unitALU (abbreviation) ALU (abbreviation) The part of a processor that performs arithmetic operations [logic operations] and arithmetic and logic operations. 11.01.09
Note: The term "arithmetic unit" is sometimes used to refer to the part that performs both arithmetic and logical operations. 9 pipeline processor pipelineprocessor A processor in which the execution of instructions* occurs in a series of units arranged to process corresponding parts of the instructions simultaneously.
11.01.10 array processor
vector processor
vector processor
vector processor
A processor capable of executing instructions whose operands are arrays rather than just individual elements. Note: In the special case of an array processor operating on individual elements, such elements are called "scalars". 11.01.11
bus bus
A facility for transferring data between several devices located between two end points, only one of which can transfer data at a given moment.
11. 01. 12 Storage (device) is a functional unit that can put in, save and retrieve data. 11.01.13 Internal memory: memory All addressable storage space in the processor and other internal memory used to execute * instructions. Note: In calculators, microcomputers and some small computers, the term "internal memory" is more commonly used than the term "main memory". 271
GB/T 5271.11-2000
11. 01. 14 Internal storage internal storage; internal memory Memory that can be accessed by the processor without using input and output channels. Note: Internal memory can include other types of memory, such as cache memory and registers. External storage; external storage external storage 11.01.153
auxiliary storage auxiliary storage
Memory that can only be accessed through input and output channels of the processor. Note: External memory is sometimes regarded as an external device. 5 Main storage; main memory11.01.16
A portion of internal storage that must be loaded with instructions and other data for subsequent execution or processing. Note: In large computing systems, the term "main memory" is more commonly used than the term "internal memory."11.01. 17 buffer storage; buffer A special type of memory or storage area that allows data to be transferred between two functional units with different transfer characteristics by temporarily storing them.
Note: Buffer storage is used between asynchronous devices, or when one of the two devices is serial and the other is parallel, or when the two devices have different transfer rates.
3 cache memory; cache (memory)11.01.18
A special type of buffer storage, smaller than main memory but faster than main memory, used to hold instructions and data obtained from main memory that may be needed by the processor in the next step.9 register register
11. 01. 19
A portion of internal storage with a specified storage capacity, usually dedicated. 11.01.20 Input-output channel A functional unit that handles the transfer of data between internal memory and peripheral devices. 11.01.21 Direct memory access DMA (abbreviation) A technique for transferring data directly between main memory and peripheral devices without requiring the data to be processed by the processor. 11.01.22 (Input-output) controller IOC (abbreviation) IOC (abbreviation) A functional unit that controls one or more input-output channels. 11.01.23 Input [output] input [output] input [output] input [output] input [output] device A device that sends data into [or out of] a computer. 11.02 Registers || tt || 11.02.01 Instruction register instruction register - A register used to hold instructions for interpretation. 2 instruction address registerinstruction address register11. 02. 02
program registerprogram register
instruction pointer registerinstruction pointer registerA special register used to hold the address of the next instruction to be executed. 11.02.03 index registerA register whose contents can be used to modify the address of an operand during the execution of a *computer* instruction. Note: An index register may also be used as a lookup table counter to control the execution of a loop, to control the use of an array, or as a switch, or as a pointer. 11. 02.04 base (address) registerA register that holds a base address.
GB/T 5271.11—2000
11.02.05 flag register; flag registerflagregisterA special register in which bits are set according to specific conditions that may occur during the execution of an instruction. 11.02.06Interrupt registerinterrupt register-A special register that stores data necessary for interrupt processing. 11.02.07
shift registershift register
A register that performs shifting.
11. 02.08general purpose registergeneral purpose registerA register within a group of registers that is usually explicitly addressable and can be used for different purposes, such as an accumulator, index register, or special processor for data.
floating-point registerfloating-point register11. 02.09
A register used to manipulate data in floating-point representation. 11. 02. 10fixed-point registerfixed-point registerA register used to manipulate data in fixed-point representation. accumulatoraccumulator
11.02. 11
A register that can store the operand of an operation and is subsequently replaced by the result of the operation. 11.02.12 arithmetic register a register that stores the operands or results of an arithmetic or logical operation. 11.02.13
double[triplequadrupleN-tupleJlengthregisterdouble[triplequadruple[N-tuple]registertwo[triplequadruple][N-tuple]registers that function as one register. Note: Double-length registers can be used for:
a) storing products in multiplication;
b) storing partial quotients and remainders in division; c) shifting and accessing strings of characters in character manipulation. 11.02.14 timer; timer timer
clock register
a register whose contents change at regular intervals in a way that measures time. 11.02.15 register lengthregister length the storage capacity of a register.
11. 02. 16 Interval timer A device that generates an interrupt* signal after a specified period of time has elapsed. 11.03 Arithmetic unit
11.03.01 Adder
A functional unit whose output represents a number that is the sum of the numbers represented by its inputs. 11.03.02
Serial adder serial adder
An adder that adds corresponding digits of its operands bit by bit. 11.03.03 Parallel adder parallel adder An adder that adds corresponding digits of its operands bit by bit. 11.03.04 Carry-save adder carry-save adder An adder that has three inputs per digit, a sum output, and a carry output, and does not propagate a carry during an operation cycle.
11.03.05 Half adder halfadder
"A combination electrical device with
-two inputs A and B;
GB/T 5271. 11—2000
two outputs, one of which is the sum S without carry and the other is the carry C. The relationship between its output and input is as follows:
Input A
Input B
Output sum S without carry
Output carry C
Full adder full adder
A combinational circuit with
three inputs: the addend D, the addend E and the carry digit F transferred from another digit, and two outputs: the sum without carry T and a new carry digit R. The relationship between its output and input is as follows:
Input addend D
Input addend E
Input carry digit F
Output sum without carry T
Output carry digit R
11. 03. 07
Subtracter
Half adder
Full adder block diagram
Half adder
A functional unit whose output data represents the difference between the numbers represented by its input data. 11.03. 08 Half subtracter half subtracterA combinational circuit with
one or two inputs: the minuend G and subtrahend H; one or two outputs: the difference without carry and a borrowed number V. The relationship between its output and input is as follows:
Input minuend G
Input subtrahend H
Output difference without carry U
Output borrowed number V
11.03.09 Full subtracter A combinational circuit that has
GB/T 5271. 11---2000
Three inputs: minuend 1, subtrahend J and borrow K transmitted by another operation; two outputs: the difference W without carry between the first number and the sum of the second number and the borrow, and a new borrow X. The relationship between its output and input is as follows:
Input minuend J
Input subtrahend
Input borrow K
Output difference W without carry
Output borrow X
Half adder
11. 03. 10
adder-subtracter
Adder-subtracter
Full subtracter block diagram
G Half adder U
A functional unit that acts as an adder or subtractor according to the control signal received. Note: Adders and subtractors can be designed to generate sums and differences at the same time. 11.03.11 complementer A function whose output data represents a number that is the complement of the number represented by its input data. 11.03.12 parallel addition A method of addition in which the digits of all operands are added in parallel. 11.03.13
serial addition
A method of addition in which corresponding digits of the operands are added one by one. 11.03.14
high-speed carry
Any procedure that increases the speed of the carry process in parallel addition. Example: nine-digit carry.
11. 03. 15 standing-on-nines carry In decimal parallel addition, if the sum of the given digits is 9, the carry to that digit is skipped and carried to the next higher digit, thus changing the digit from 9 to 0. 11.03. 16
Cascaded carry
In parallel addition, the process of adding the partial sum and the carry together and repeating this process until there is no carry.
Partial carry
11.03. 17
In parallel addition, the process of temporarily storing some or all of the carries instead of immediately transmitting them. Complete carry
In parallel addition, the process of transmitting every carry immediately. 11.03.19 Ripple carry
In parallel addition, the process of generating a carry in one digit and transmitting it to the next higher digit. 11.03.20 Comparator
comparator
GB/T 5271. 11—2000
A functional unit that compares two data items and indicates the comparison result. 11.03.21 Counter [reversible counter] counter [reversible counter] A functional unit with a finite number of states, each state representing a number that increases [or decreases] by 1 or a given constant when an appropriate signal is received. Note: This unit can usually return the represented number to a predetermined value, such as zero. 11.03.22 Modulo-n counter modulo-n counter A counter that returns to zero when the represented number reaches the maximum value n-1 during the counting process. 11.03.23 set (to a counter) to set (a counter) to place a counter in a state corresponding to a specified number. 11. 03. 24 reset (to a counter) to reset (a counter) to place a counter in a state corresponding to a specified starting number. 11.04 converter
11.04.01 (data) converter (data) converter A functional unit that converts data from one representation to another representation that is different but equivalent. 11.04.02 code converter A functional unit that changes the representation of data by substituting one code for another, or one coded character set for another.
11.04.03 encoder encoder
A functional unit that has a number of input lines and a number of output lines, at most one of which can carry a signal at a time, and a number of output lines that can have signals output at the same time, and the combination of the output signals represents a code indicating which input line carries the signal.
11.04.04 decoder; decoder decoder A functional component that has a number of input lines and output lines. Any of the input lines can carry a sales number, but only one of the output lines can output a signal, and the combination of inputs represents a code indicating which output line carries the signal. 11. 04. 05 staticizer; serial-parallel converter A functional component that converts a sequential signal into a corresponding group of simultaneously presented signals. 11. 04. 06 serializer; parallel-serial converter; dynamicizer A functional component that converts a group of simultaneously presented signals into corresponding sequential signals. 276
Half adder
Half subtractor
Carry-save adder
Comparator
Encoder
Address register
Flag register
Parallel-serial converter
Parallel addition
Parallel adder
Complementer
Partial carry
Program register
Processor
Processor||tt| |Serial-to-parallel converter
Serial addition
Serial adder
Memory
Code converter
Fixed-point register
Multiprocessor
Carry every nine (jump)
Floating-point register
Auxiliary memory
Reset (for counter)
Cache memory
GB/T 5271.11—2000
Chinese index
.11.03.08
11. 01.01
11. 01. 07
Buffer memory
Base register
Counter [reversible counter]
Register
Register length
Adder-subtractor
Interval timer
Subtractor
Decoder
Accumulator
Pipeline processor
Modulo-n counter
Internal memory
Internal memory
Flag register
Full adder
Full subtractor
Clock register
Input [output] device
11. 01.17
+11.02.16
11.07. 04
Input and output channels
(Input and output) controller
(Data) converter
Array processor
Double [triple [quadruple [N times] length register
GB/T 5271.11—2000
·11.04.01
11. 02. 13
Double [triple [quadruple [N times]] register
Arithmetic logic unit
General register
External memory
Complete carry
Microprocessor
Vector processor
Ripple carry
accumulator
adder-subtracter
arithmetic register
11. 02. 13
11. 01. 15
Shift register
Decoder
Arithmetic register
Arithmetic unit
Direct memory access
Instruction address register
Instruction register
(Instruction) controller
Instruction pointer register
Set (to counter)
Interrupt register
Main memory
Main controller
Main clock
English index
arithmetic[logic Jarithmetic and logic Junitarray processor
auxiliary storage
base (address) register
buffer
buffer storage
cache(memory)
carry-save adder
11.01. 08
.11.02.02
11. 01. 1111—2000
Chinese Index
High-speed carry
.11.03.08
11. 01.01
11. 01. 07
Buffer memory
Base register
Counter [reversible counter]
Register
Register length
Adder-subtractor
Interval timer
Subtractor
Decoder
Accumulator
Pipeline processor
Modulo-n counter
Internal memory
Internal memory
Flag register
Full adder
Full subtractor
Clock register
Input [output] device
11. 01.17
+11.02.16
11.07. 04
Input and output channels
(Input and output) controller
(Data) converter
Array processor
Double [triple [quadruple [N times] length register
GB/T 5271.11—2000
·11.04.01
11. 02. 13
Double [triple [quadruple [N times]] register
Arithmetic logic unit
General register
External memory
Complete carry
Microprocessor
Vector processor
Ripple carry
accumulator
adder-subtracter
arithmetic register
11. 02. 13
11. 01. 15
Shift register
Decoder
Arithmetic register
Arithmetic unit
Direct memory access
Instruction address register
Instruction register
(Instruction) controller
Instruction pointer register
Set (to counter)
Interrupt register
Main memory
Main controller
Main clock
English indexWww.bzxZ.net
arithmetic[logic Jarithmetic and logic Junitarray processor
auxiliary storage
base (address) register
buffer
buffer storage
cache(memory)
carry-save adder
11.01. 08
.11.02.02
11. 01. 1111—2000
Chinese Index
High-speed carry
.11.03.08
11. 01.01
11. 01. 07
Buffer memory
Base register
Counter [reversible counter]
Register
Register length
Adder-subtractor
Interval timer
Subtractor
Decoder
Accumulator
Pipeline processor
Modulo-n counter
Internal memory
Internal memory
Flag register
Full adder
Full subtractor
Clock register
Input [output] device
11. 01.17
+11.02.16
11.07. 04
Input and output channels
(Input and output) controller
(Data) converter
Array processor
Double [triple [quadruple [N times] length register
GB/T 5271.11—2000
·11.04.01
11. 02. 13
Double [triple [quadruple [N times]] register
Arithmetic logic unit
General register
External memory
Complete carry
Microprocessor
Vector processor
Ripple carry
accumulator
adder-subtracter
arithmetic register
11. 02. 13
11. 01. 15
Shift register
Decoder
Arithmetic register
Arithmetic unit
Direct memory access
Instruction address register
Instruction register
(Instruction) controller
Instruction pointer register
Set (to counter)
Interrupt register
Main memory
Main controller
Main clock
English index
arithmetic[logic Jarithmetic and logic Junitarray processor
auxiliary storage
base (address) register
buffer
buffer storage
cache(memory)
carry-save adder
11.01. 08
.11.02.02
11. 01. 11
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