欧洲规范 — 结构计算的基础 — 法国/欧洲标准的国家附件

第 A2.2 条 组合作用力

除另有规定外，以下表中提供了可更换结构件的示意性使用寿命，即支座以及如密封防水层和安全护栏的使用寿命：

对于公路桥上的路面接缝，其产品预期的指示性使用寿命为5到10年。

对于钢索而言，可参考第EN 1993-1-11号欧洲标准以及《公路和高速公路技术研究所》（SETRA）出版的《钢索一预编目录（CIP）的建议》。

对于桥梁来说，重力（不包括上部结构）产生的永久性作用力特征值G，说明如下：

• 它基本上不会随时间的变化而改变（在项目使用寿命期内，材料的比重变化很小）。
• 在一般情况下，它的几何误差和材料比重的误差值是很微弱的；但是，这些误差可能对某些预应力结构的使用极限状态可能会产生敏感的影响。

同样：

• 通常情况下，对于最终极限状态和使用极限状态，自重可以用一个唯一的特征值G_k来表示，该特征值是根据公称尺寸和平均单位重量来计算的(G_k,sup = G_k,inf = 1,00G)。
• 然而，对于在现场用模板浇注的或在现场预制的预应力板和预应力薄梁，可能需要用两个数值G_k,sup和G_k,sup来代表自重，这两个自重值是根据特征值G来计算的。除了单个项目中可能另有规定外，必须采用以下数值：G_k,sup = 1,10G和G_k,inf = 0,90G。对于预应力的滞后效应，可以通过G值的平均值来进行估算。
• 要区别《覆盖层》填方（填方位于桥面上方或其层面上）和其它填方。对于前者，应在单位体积的重量上采用分组方法，主要解决其实际高度上的不确定性和其重量对构造物的作用力产生的巨大影响。在单个项目缺少特定值的情况下，应取值G_k,sup = 1,10G和G_k,inf = 0,90G。而对于其它填方（在底板和整片基础上方的填方或台背填方），为简化起见，可以采用一个单一值G_k,sup = G = G_k,inf。
• 另外，在自重的不确定性不容忽视的情况下，应该明确地计算在最终极限状态和使用极限状态时的误差（例如配重式桥台）。
• 可以允许区分可能的沉降和偶然的沉降。对于使用极限状态的验证，偶然沉降只在特征组合作用力的情况下予以考虑。

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SOMMAIRE

TABLE DES MATIÈRES

:current

Foreword

This document (EN 10216-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee EC/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

Other Parts of EN 10216 are:

Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is:

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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ISO 657-1 : 1988 (E)

Table 1 — Dimensions and sectional properties of hot-rolled equal-leg angles (concluded)

NOTES

1. Member countries may choose, to be included in their national standards, the sizes which are required to meet their demand.
2. For the angles so chosen, only thicknesses which can be rolled in their mills to meet the demand of the users may be selected from the list of thicknesses corresponding to equal angles in table 1.
3. The sectional area has been calculated using the formula

   S = [l/2 A - l) + 0,214 6 (r_root² - 2r_toe²)] × 1/100

   where
   

   S is the sectional area, in square centimetres;
   

   l is the thickness, in millimetres;
   

   r_root is the root radius, in millimetres;
   

   r_toe is the toe radius, in millimetres;
   

   A is the leg length, in millimetres.

4. Mass is calculated on the basis of density of steel of 7,85 kg/dm³.

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