发电厂接地指南

IEEE Guide for Generating Station Grounding

1. Overview

This guide was developed to identify grounding practices that have generally been accepted by the electric utility industry as contributing to effective grounding systems for personnel safety and equipment protection in generating stations.

It provides a guide for the design of generating station grounding systems and for grounding practices applied to generating station indoor and outdoor structures and equipment, including the interconnection of the station and substation grounding systems. Guidance for the grounding of control and instrumentation equipment in generating stations can be found in IEEE Std 1050-1989.¹

Generating station grounding designs are complicated by considerations such as physically large outdoor areas with multiple buildings and associated transfer voltages, grounding effects of buried infrastructure, rotating electrical apparatus, large indoor areas, auxiliary systems with multiple voltage levels, and the need for increasingly “clean” signal ground sources for control systems. This guide has been developed in recognition that the complexities of generating stations are such that the generally accepted techniques and programs for the design of electrical substation grounding systems for safety may not address all of the issues. While these complexities may be suitably analyzed with the computerized methods that are available, this guide presents a manual calculation method based on the principles presented in IEEE Std 80-1986.

It is not intended that this document provide grounding test methods or quantitative analysis of the effects of lightning surges. This document should not be interpreted as requiring any specific design for a particular installation; instead, it is a guide to the process and special techniques that the designer should recognize and consider. The necessary supporting detail is to be found in other relevant standards and documents; these are referenced in the text where appropriate.

2. References

This guide should be used in conjunction with the following publications. When the following publications are superseded by an approved revision, the revision shall apply.

ANSI C2-1993, National Electrical Safety Code^®.²

¹Information on references can be found in clause 2.

²The NESC^® is available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.

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Révision de la présente publication

Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu par la Commission afin d'assurer qu'il reflète bien l'état actuel de la technique.

Les renseignements relatifs à ce travail de révision, à l'établissement des éditions révisées et aux mises à jour peuvent être obtenus auprès des Comités nationaux de la CEI et en consultant les documents ci-dessous :

• Bulletin de la CEI
• Annuaire de la CEI
• Catalogue des publications de la CEI

Publié annuellement

Terminologie

En ce qui concerne la terminologie générale, le lecteur se reportera à la Publication 50 de la CEI : Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI), qui est établie sous forme de chapitres séparés traitant chacun d'un sujet défini, l'Index général étant publié séparément. Des détails complets sur le VEI peuvent être obtenus sur demande.

Les termes et définitions figurant dans la présente publication ont été soit repris du VEI, soit spécifiquement approuvés aux fins de cette publication.

Symboles graphiques et littéraux

Pour les symboles graphiques, symboles littéraux et signes d'usage général approuvés par la CEI, le lecteur consultera :

• la Publication 27 de la CEI : Symboles littéraux à utiliser en électrotechnique ;
• la Publication 617 de la CEI : Symboles graphiques pour schémas.

Les symboles et signes contenus dans la présente publication ont été soit repris des Publications 27 ou 617 de la CEI, soit spécifiquement approuvés aux fins de cette publication.

Publications de la CEI établies par le même Comité d'Etudes

L'attention du lecteur est attirée sur la page 3 de la couverture, qui énumère les publications de la CEI préparées par le Comité d'Etudes qui a établi la présente publication.

Revision of this publication

The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.

Information on the work of revision, the issue of revised editions and amendment sheets may be obtained from IEC National Committees and from the following IEC sources :

• IEC Bulletin
• IEC Yearbook
• Catalogue of IEC Publications

Published yearly

Terminology

For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC Publication 50 : International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), which is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing with a specific field, the General Index being published as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplied on request.

The terms and definitions contained in the present publication have either been taken from the IEV or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication.

Graphical and letter symbols

For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to :

• IEC Publication 27 : Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology ;
• IEC Publication 617 : Graphical symbols for diagrams.

The symbols and signs contained in the present publication have either been taken from IEC Publications 27 or 617, or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication.

IEC publications prepared by the same Technical Committee

The attention of readers is drawn to the inside of the back cover, which lists IEC publications issued by the Technical Committee which has prepared the present publication.

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NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

CEI IEC 50(426) Première édition First edition 1990-10 Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International Chapitre 426 : Matériel électrique pour atmosphères explosives International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 426 : Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres Международный Электротехнический Словарь Глава 426 : Электрооборудование для взрывоопасных сред © CEI 1990 Droits de reproduction réservés - Copyright - all rights reserved - Право издания охраняется законом Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Запрещается Без письменного разрешения издателя воспроизведение или копирование этой публикации или ее части в любой форме или любыми средствами — электронными или механическими, включая фотоконю и микрофильм. Bureau central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève Suisse Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Международная Электротехническая Комиссия Code prix Price code Код цены S Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue Цена указана в действующем каталоге 3

50(715) © IEC:1996

CONTENTS

FOREWORD	VII
PREFACE	VII
Sections
715-01	Basic terms	1
715-02	Resources	10
715-03	Calls	17
715-04	Times and delays	22
715-05	Traffic	24
715-06	Circuit groups	32
715-07	Traffic engineering	34
715-08	Networks	41
715-09	Circuit switched networks	46
715-10	Message switched networks	51
715-11	Packet switched networks	52
Index	53

:current

Foreword

This document (EN 10216-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee EC/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

Other Parts of EN 10216 are:

Part 1:	Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
Part 2:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
Part 4:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties
Part 5:	Stainless steel tubes

Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is:

EN 10217:

Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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1 Scope

This Part of EN 10216 specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, made of weldable alloyed fine grained steel.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by date or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

The requirements of this European Standard rule when they differ from those in the standards and documents referred to below:

EN 10002-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature).

EN 10002-5, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 5: Method of testing (at elevated temperature).

EN 10020, Definitions and classification of grades of steel.

EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products.

EN 10045-1, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method.

EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products.

EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.

EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels - Part 1: Steel names, principle symbols.

EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels Part 2: Numerical systems.

ENV 10220, Seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and masses per unit length

EN 10233, Metallic materials - Tubes - Flattening test.

EN 10234, Metallic materials - Tubes - Drift expanding test.

EN 10236, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring expanding test.

EN 10237, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring tensile test.

EN 10246-1, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes Part 1: Automatic electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness.

EN 10246-5, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 5: Automatic full peripheral magnetic transducer/flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

EN 10246-6, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 6: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless steel tubes for the detection of transverse imperfections.

EN 10246-7, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 7: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

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