ACI 116R ACI 116R 下载 - 国外标准

标准信息

STANDARD INFORMATION

标准编号: ACI 116R
所属分类: ACI 美国混凝土学会标准
文件语言: 英语
文件格式: PDF
文件页数: 6 页
文件大小: 1.59 MB

· 更新：2026-11-02

标准简介

OVERVIEW

中文简介

标准 ACI 116R 的预览内容

English summary

Preview of standard ACI 116R

以上为根据文件整理的内容简介。

标准内容预览

DOCUMENT PREVIEW

ACI 116RPDF 第 1 页 · 原页码 1

We need answer user's request: produce HTML fragment only, no explanation. Need parse image OCR. Need obey strict tags/classes. Need output starts with h2 page title? Page has term "air" top right? It's likely page heading? Need page content. Need ignore header/footer? Page footer "CEMENT AND CONCRETE TERMINOLOGY 116R-3" ignore. Page number? 116R-3 maybe page number? Rule page number by 3 placeholder? They say page number use

3

ending. But also filter page numbers bottom ignore? Contradiction: output must end with page number placeholder 3. So final

3

. Need not include header/footer. Top right "air" maybe page heading? It's a term heading? In glossary, page heading maybe "air". Need start with h2. Could be

air

. Then content two columns. Need represent two-column layout? Rule two-column layout -> table class layout-columns. But content is continuous glossary entries across two columns. Could use table with two td columns. Need preserve entries. Need no style. Need no nbsp. Need no continuous spaces. Need use

for entries. Bold terms? Allowed strong. Need preserve bold terms. Need lists? The "agitation" has numbered items 1. and 2. Could use

for each term. For numbered subitems under agitation, use

...
...

Let's transcribe carefully.

Top right: air. Could be heading. Then left column:

"furnace slag, used with a hydraulic cementing medium to produce either concrete or mortar. (See also aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight.)"

This is continuation from previous page? It starts lower-case furnace slag. Should include as paragraph. Maybe no heading? But page must start h2. Could h2 air. Then paragraph continuation.

Then entries:

aggregate, angular—aggregate particles that possess well-defined edges formed at the intersection of roughly planar faces.

aggregate, coarse—aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, or that portion retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. (See also aggregate.)

aggregate, crusher-run—aggregate that has been mechanically broken and has not been subjected to subsequent screening.

aggregate, dense-graded—aggregates graded to produce low void content and maximum density when compacted. (See also aggregate, well-graded.)

aggregate, fine—aggregate passing the 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) sieve, almost entirely passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, and predominantly retained on the 75 μm (No. 200) sieve; or that portion passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve and predominantly retained on the 75 μm (No. 200) sieve. (See also aggregate and sand.)

aggregate, gap-graded—aggregate graded so that certain intermediate sizes are substantially absent.

aggregate, heavyweight—aggregate of high density, such as barite, magnetite, hematite, limonite, ilmenite, iron, or steel, used in heavyweight concrete.

aggregate, lightweight—aggregate of low density, such as: a) expanded or sintered clay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, or slag; b) natural pumice, scoria, volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; and c) sintered fly ash or industrial cinders, used in lightweight concrete.

aggregate, mineral—aggregate consisting essentially of inorganic nonmetallic rock materials, either natural or crushed and graded.

aggregate, normalweight—aggregate that is neither heavyweight nor lightweight.

aggregate, open-graded—aggregate in which the voids are relatively large when the aggregate is compacted.

aggregate, reactive—aggregate containing substances capable of reacting chemically with the products of solution or hydration of the portland cement in concrete or mortar under ordinary conditions of exposure, resulting in some cases in harmful expansion, cracking, or staining.

aggregate, refractory—aggregate having refractory properties that, when bound together into a conglomerate mass by a matrix, forms a refractory body.

aggregate, single-sized—aggregate in which a major portion of the particles is in a narrow size range.

aggregate, well-graded—aggregate having a particle-size distribution that produces maximum density, that is, minimum void space.

aggregate blending—the process of intermixing two or more aggregates to produce a different set of properties, generally, but not exclusively, to improve grading.

aggregate-cement ratio—see ratio, aggregate-cement.

aggregate gradation—see grading (preferred term).

Right column:

aggregate interlock—the effect of portions of aggregate particles from one side of a joint or crack in concrete protruding into recesses in the other side of the joint or crack so as to transfer load in shear and maintain alignment.

aggregate transparency—discoloration of a concrete surface consisting of darkened areas over coarse aggregate particles immediately below the concrete surface.

agitating speed—see speed, agitating.

agitating truck—see truck, agitating.

agitation—

1. the process of providing motion in mixed concrete just sufficient to prevent segregation or loss of plasticity; and

2. the mixing and homogenization of slurries or finely ground powders by either mechanical means or injection of air. (See also agitator.)

agitator—a device for maintaining plasticity and preventing segregation of mixed concrete by agitation. (See also agitation.)

aids, grinding—materials used to expedite the process of grinding by eliminating ball coating, dispersing the finely ground product, or both.

air—

air, accidental—see air, entrapped (preferred term).

air, entrained—microscopic air bubbles intentionally incorporated in mortar or concrete during mixing, usually by use of a surface-active agent; typically between 10 and 1000 μm (1 mm) in diameter and spherical or nearly so. (See also air entrainment.)

air, entrapped—air voids in concrete that are not purposely entrained and that are larger, mainly irregular in shape, and less useful than those of entrained air; and 1 mm or larger in size.

air blow pipe—air jet used in shotcrete gunning to remove rebound or other loose material from the work area.

air-blown mortar—see shotcrete (preferred term).

air content—the volume of air voids in cement paste, mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space in aggregate particles; usually expressed as a percentage of total volume of the paste, mortar, or concrete.

air-cooled blast-furnace slag—see blast-furnace slag.

air entraining—the capability of a material or process to develop a system of microscopic bubbles of air in cement paste, mortar, or concrete during mixing. (See also air entrainment.)

air-entraining agent—see admixture, air-entraining.

air-entraining hydraulic cement—see cement, air-entraining hydraulic.

air entrainment—the incorporation of air in the form of microscopic bubbles (typically smaller than 1 mm) during the mixing of either concrete or mortar. (See also air entraining and air, entrained.)

air lift—equipment whereby slurry or dry powder is lifted through pipes by means of compressed air.

air meter—see meter, air.

air-permeability test—see test, air-permeability and test, Blaine.

air ring—see ring, air.

Need decide bold terms. In image, terms are bold? Yes terms bold. Need use around term before em dash? For entries like "aggregate, angular—aggregate particles..." The term is bold. Could do

aggregate, angular—aggregate particles...

. For cross references bold? In image, cross references like "aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight" bold? It appears bold? The first paragraph: "(See also aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight.)" maybe bold terms? In image, "aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight" bold? It looks bold? Actually in first paragraph: "aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight" bold? The OCR shows bold? It says (See also aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight.) with bold? In image, terms in See also are bold? likely yes. Need maybe bold cross references. But not necessary? To be faithful, use strong for defined terms and cross-referenced terms? The image bolds headwords and cross references. We can bold headwords and cross references. Need avoid overdoing? It's okay.
Need handle μm. Use μm. Need em dash —. Need parentheses. Need no continuous spaces. Need line breaks? We can put each paragraph on separate line. That's fine. Need no
for paragraph spacing.

Need two-column layout. Could output:

air

furnace slag...

...

aggregate interlock...

...

3

Need ensure table only allowed tags. td can contain p, ol, strong. Good.

Need maybe use
for agitation. But if inside td, okay. Need no attributes. For numbered items, original has 1. and 2. If use ol, numbering generated. But rule numbering system must preserve? It says numbering system (1.1, A.2, (a), Chapter 1, Part I) must preserve. For list items 1. and 2. maybe ol preserves visually but not literal? Could use
1. ...
to preserve exact. But allowed ol/ul. If use ol, no attributes, browser numbers. It preserves numbering. But if strict OCR, maybe use
...
. However original has "agitation—" then list. Could do
agitation—
...
...
. That's fine. But if they expect exact "1." maybe ol okay. Need no list attributes.
Need maybe use
for continuation? Not necessary.

Need consider page heading: top right "air" maybe not page title but term heading. Use h2. Good.

Need ensure no style. No nbsp. No continuous spaces. Need check text for double spaces. We'll write single spaces.

Need maybe include "air—" entry with just term? In right column: "air—" then next entry. Could be
air—
. But maybe it's a heading? It's a term with no definition? It appears "air—" alone. Include.

Need maybe "agitation—" alone then list. Include.

Need maybe "aggregate, lightweight—aggregate of low density, such as: a) ... b) ... c) ..." Could use

with a) etc. Or use

aggregate, lightweight—aggregate of low density, such as: a) expanded...; b) natural...; and c) sintered...

Need maybe "air, entrained—... typically between 10 and 1000 μm (1 mm) in diameter..." Good.

Need maybe "air, entrapped—... and 1 mm or larger in size." Good.

Need maybe "air-permeability test—see test, air-permeability and test, Blaine." Bold cross refs? Could bold "test, air-permeability and test, Blaine"? In image cross references bold? It shows "test, air-permeability and test, Blaine" bold? likely yes. Use strong for cross references? Need not but okay.

Need maybe "air-entraining agent—see admixture, air-entraining." Bold "admixture, air-entraining". Good.

Need maybe "air-entraining hydraulic cement—see cement, air-entraining hydraulic." Bold cross ref.

Need maybe "air entrainment—... (See also air entraining and air, entrained.)" Bold cross refs.

Need maybe "air ring—see ring, air." Bold cross ref.

Need maybe "aggregate blending" not comma. Bold term.

Need maybe "aggregate-cement ratio" bold term.

Need maybe "aggregate gradation" bold term.

Need maybe "agitating speed" bold term.

Need maybe "agitating truck" bold term.

Need maybe "agitator" bold term.

Need maybe "aids, grinding" bold term.

Need maybe "air blow pipe" bold term.

Need maybe "air-blown mortar" bold term.

Need maybe "air content" bold term.

Need maybe "air-cooled blast-furnace slag" bold term.

Need maybe "air entraining" bold term.

Need maybe "air lift" bold term.

Need maybe "air meter" bold term.

Need maybe "air-permeability test" bold term.

Need maybe "air ring" bold term.

Need maybe "aggregate interlock" bold term.

Need maybe "aggregate transparency" bold term.

Need maybe "agitation" bold term.

Need maybe "air" bold term.

Need maybe "air, accidental" bold term.

Need maybe "air, entrained" bold term.

Need maybe "air, entrapped" bold term.

Need maybe "air, entrained" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "air entrainment" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "air entraining" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "air, entrained" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "aggregate" cross ref bold in See also.

Need maybe "aggregate, well-graded" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "aggregate and sand" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "ratio, aggregate-cement" cross ref bold.

Need maybe "grading" cross ref bold? In image "grading" maybe bold? It says see grading (preferred term). likely bold. Use strong.

Need maybe "speed, agitating" bold. "truck, agitating" bold. "shotcrete" bold. "blast-furnace slag" bold. "meter, air" bold. "ring, air" bold.

Need maybe "cement, air-entraining hydraulic" bold.

Need maybe "admixture, air-entraining" bold.

Need maybe "test, air-permeability and test, Blaine" bold.

Need maybe "air, entrapped" bold in accidental.

Need maybe "air entrainment" bold in entrained.

Need maybe "air entrainment" bold in entraining.

Need maybe "air entraining and air, entrained" bold.

Need maybe "aggregate, heavyweight and aggregate, lightweight" bold.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold in coarse.

Need maybe "aggregate, well-graded" bold.

Need maybe "aggregate and sand" bold.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? In crusher-run no cross ref.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? In dense-graded cross ref.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? In coarse cross ref.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? In fine cross ref.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? In lightweight? no.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? no.

Need maybe "aggregate" bold? no

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ACI 116RPDF 第 2 页 · 原页码 2

A

Abram's law—see law, Abram's.

abrasion damage—see damage, abrasion.

abrasion resistance—see resistance, abrasion.

absolute specific gravity—see specific gravity, absolute.

absolute volume—see volume, absolute.

absorbed moisture—see moisture, absorbed.

absorbed water—see moisture, absorbed.

absorption—the process by which a liquid is drawn into and tends to fill permeable voids in a porous solid body; also, the increase in mass of a porous solid body resulting from the penetration of a liquid into its permeable voids.

abutment—in bridges, the end structure (usually of concrete) that supports the beams, girders, and deck of the bridge, or combinations thereof, and sometimes retains the earthen bank or supports the end of the approach pavement slab; in prestressing, the structure against which the tendons are stressed in producing pretensioned precast members or post-tensioned pavement; and in dams, the side of the gorge or bank of the stream against which a dam abuts.

accelerating admixture—see admixture, accelerating.

acceleration—increase in velocity or in rate of change, especially the quickening of the natural progress of a process such as setting or strength development (hardening) of concrete. (See also admixture, accelerating.)

accelerator—see admixture, accelerating.

accidental air—see air, entrapped.

acrylic resin—see resin, acrylic.

addition—a material that is interground or blended in limited amounts into a hydraulic cement during manufacture either as a "processing addition" to aid in manufacturing and handling the cement or as a "functional addition" to modify the use properties of the finished product.

advancing-slope grouting—see grouting, advancing-slope.

additive—see agent.

adhesion—the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial effects that may consist of molecular forces, interlocking action, or both.

adhesives—the group of materials used to join or bond similar or dissimilar materials; for example, in concrete work, the epoxy resins.

adiabatic—a condition in which heat neither enters nor leaves a system.

adiabatic curing—see curing, adiabatic.

adjustment screw—see screw, adjustment.

admixture—a material other than water, aggregates, hydraulic cement, and fiber reinforcement, used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batch before or during its mixing.

admixture, accelerating—an admixture that causes an increase in the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement and thus shortens the time of setting, increases the rate of strength development, or both.

admixture, air-entraining—an admixture that causes the development of a system of microscopic air bubbles in concrete, mortar, or cement paste during mixing, usually to increase its workability and resistance to freezing and thawing. (See also air, entrained.)

admixture, retarding—an admixture that causes a decrease in the rate of hydration of the hydraulic cement and lengthens the time of setting.

admixture, water-reducing—an admixture that either increases slump of freshly mixed mortar or concrete without increasing water content or maintains slump with a reduced amount of water, the effect being due to factors other than air entrainment.

admixture, water-reducing (high-range)—a water-reducing admixture capable of producing large water reduction or great flowability without causing undue set retardation or entrainment of air in mortar or concrete.

adobe—unburnt brick dried in the sun.

adsorbed water—see water, adsorbed.

adsorption—development (at the surface of either a liquid or solid) of a higher concentration of a substance than exists in the bulk of the medium; especially formation of one or more layers of molecules of gases, of dissolved substances, or of liquids at the surface of a solid (such as cement, cement paste, or aggregates), or of air-entraining agents at the air-water interfaces; also, the process by which a substance is adsorbed. (See also water, adsorbed.)

advancing-slope grouting—see grouting, advancing-slope.

advancing-slope method—see method, advancing-slope.

aerated concrete—see concrete, cellular and concrete, foamed.

A/F ratio—see ratio, A/F.

afwillite—a mineral with composition 3CaO · 2SiO₂ · 3H₂O occurring naturally in South Africa, Northern Ireland, and California, and artificially in some hydrated portland cement mixtures.

agent—a general term for a material that may be used either as an addition to cement or an admixture in concrete; for example, an air-entraining agent.

agent, air-entraining—see admixture, air-entraining.

agent, bonding—a substance applied to a suitable substrate to create a bond between it and a succeeding layer.

agent, parting—see agent, release (preferred term).

agent, release—material used to prevent bonding of concrete to a surface. (See also bond breaker and oil, form.)

agent, surface-active—a substance that markedly affects the interfacial or surface tension of solutions when present even in low concentrations.

agent, wetting—a substance capable of lowering the surface tension of liquids, facilitating the wetting of solid surfaces, and permitting the penetration of liquid into the capillaries.

agglomeration—a gathering into a ball or mass.

aggregate—granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, or iron blast-

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