GB/T 5271.12-2000 Information technology vocabulary Part 12: Peripheral equipment

This part of the standard is formulated to facilitate international communication in information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. This standard defines concepts such as data media, storage, tape and printer. GB/T 5271.12-2000 Information Technology Vocabulary Part 12: Peripheral Devices GB/T5271.12-2000 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net

GB/T 5271.12---2000
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO/IEC 2382-12:1988 "Information Technology Vocabulary Peripheral Equipment". Except for the introduction of the original international standard, this standard is basically consistent with the original international standard in other contents and forms. This standard replaces the national standard GB/T5271.12-1985 from the date of implementation. The purpose of formulating information technology vocabulary standards is to facilitate international communication in information processing. It provides the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between each terminology. This standard defines concepts such as data media, storage, tape and printer.
The GB/T5271 terminology series national standards consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". This standard is the 12th part of the GB/T5271 terminology series national standards. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The drafting unit of this standard: China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Chen Ying, Huang Jiaying and Zhang Hongyou. This standard was first published on March 11, 1985. 282
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ISO/IEC Foreword
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) are specialized standardization organizations worldwide. National member bodies (which are members of ISO or IEC) participate in the formulation of international standards for specific technical scopes through various technical committees established by international organizations. The technical committees of ISO and IEC cooperate in areas of common interest. Other official and non-official international organizations in contact with ISO and IEC can also participate in the formulation of international standards. For information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, namely ISO/IEC JTC1. The draft international standards proposed by the joint technical committee need to be circulated to national member bodies for voting. To publish an international standard, at least 75% of the national member bodies participating in the voting need to vote in favor.
International Standard ISO/IEC 2382-24 was developed by the Vocabulary Subcommittee SC1 of the Joint Technical Committee for Information Technology of ISO/IEC JTC1.
ISO/IEC 2382 consists of more than 30 parts, all under the general title "Information Technology Vocabulary". 283
1.1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Information Technology Vocabulary
Part 12: Peripheral equipment
Information technology---Vocabulary-Part 12:Peripheral equipmentGB/T 5271.12—2000
eqv ISO/IEC 2382-12:1988
Replaces GB/T 5271.12—1985
This part of the standard is developed to facilitate international communication in the field of information processing. This standard gives the terms and definitions of concepts related to the field of information processing and clarifies the relationship between these items. To facilitate translation of this standard into other languages, the definitions given avoid language specificity as much as possible. This standard defines concepts such as data media, storage, tape and printer. 1.2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T4880-1991 Language name code (eqvISO639:1988) GB/T15237-1994 Basic vocabulary of terminology (eqvISO1087:1990) 1.3 Principles and rules to be followed
1.3.1 Definition of terms
Chapter 2 includes many terms. Each term consists of several required elements, including an index number, a term or several synonyms, and a phrase that defines a concept. In addition, an entry may include examples, notes or explanations to facilitate understanding of the concept. Sometimes the same term may be defined by different entries, or an entry may include two or more concepts, as explained in 1.3.5 and 1.3.8 respectively. This standard uses other terms, such as vocabulary, concepts, terms and definitions, whose meanings are defined in GB/T 15237. 1.3.2 Composition of entries
Each entry includes the necessary elements specified in 1.3.1, and some additional elements may be added if necessary. The entries include the following elements in the following order:
a) an index number (common to all languages ​​in which this standard is published); b) a term or preferred term in a language. If there is no preferred term for a concept in a language, it is indicated by a five-dot symbol (.··); in a term, dots are used to indicate a word that is selected in each specific instance; c) the preferred term of a country (indicated according to the rules of GB/T 2659); d) an abbreviation of the term; permitted synonyms; e) the text of the definition (see 1.3.4);
f) one or more examples beginning with "Example"; g) one or more notes indicating special instances of the concept application field beginning with "Note"; h) pictures, diagrams or tables common to the entries. 1.3.3 Classification of terms
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on July 14, 2000 2N
Implementation on March 1, 2001
GB/T 5271. 12-2000
Each part of this series of standards is assigned a two-digit serial number, starting with 01, which indicates "basic terms". Terms are classified into groups, and each group is assigned a four-digit serial number; the first two digits indicate the part of this series of standards where the group is located.
Each term is assigned a six-digit index number; the first four digits indicate the standard part and group where the term is located. In order to make the versions of this series of standards in different languages ​​related, the serial numbers assigned to the standard parts, groups and terms should be the same. 1.3.4 Choice of terms and definitions
The terms and definitions should be selected as far as possible in accordance with the established usage. In case of contradictions, the majority agreement method shall be adopted. 1.3.5 Polysemy
If a given term has several meanings in a working language, each meaning is given a separate entry to facilitate translation into other languages.
1.3.6 Abbreviations
As indicated in 1.3.2, abbreviations currently in use are assigned to some terms. These abbreviations are not used in the text of definitions, examples or notes.
1.3.7 Use of parentheses
In some terms, a word or words printed in bold are placed in parentheses. These words are part of the complete term. When the use of abbreviated terms in technical articles does not affect the meaning of the context, these words can be abbreviated. In the main text of definitions, examples or notes of GB/T5271, these terms are used in full form. In some entries, the term is followed by text in normal font placed in parentheses. These words are not part of the term, but indicate relevant information about the use of the term, such as its special scope of application or its grammatical form. 1.3.8 Use of square brackets
If the definitions of several closely related terms differ by only a few words, these terms and their definitions are grouped together in one entry. Alternative words to indicate different meanings are placed in square brackets in the same order as in the term and in the definition. To avoid ambiguity of the replaced word, the last word placed before the brackets according to the above rules may be placed inside the square brackets and repeated for each change. 1.3.9 Use of boldface terms and use of asterisks in definitions When a term is printed in boldface in a definition, example or note, it means that the term has been defined in other entries of this vocabulary. However, the term is printed in boldface only when it first appears in each entry. Boldface is also used for other grammatical forms of a term, such as plural nouns and participle forms of verbs. The basic forms of all terms that appear in boldface in GB/T 5271 are listed in the index at the end of this part (see 1.3.11). When two boldface terms are cited in different entries, one immediately following the other, separate them with an asterisk (or simply with punctuation).
Words or terms appearing in ordinary font are to be understood as defined in general dictionaries or authoritative technical vocabulary. 1.3.10 Spelling
In the English version of this series of standards, the spelling of terms, definitions, examples and notes generally follows the American English spelling. Other correct spellings may be used without conflicting with this series of standards. 1.3.11 Preparation of Index Tables
For each language used, an alphabetical index is provided at the end of each part. The index includes all the terms defined in that part. Multi-word terms appear in alphabetical order after each keyword. A sequence of characters, usually consisting of words and spaces, usually aligned on a baseline by the formatting process. Note: The length of a line is determined by the space available at that point in the formatting process. 2 Terms and Definitions
12 Peripheral Equipment
12.01 Data Media - General
12.01.01 Blank Medium blank medium; virgin medium 285
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-A data medium on which neither reference marks nor user data are recorded. 12.01.02 Empty Medium empty medium a data medium containing only reference marks but no user data. 12. 01. 03 erase to erase
Remove data from a data medium.
Note: Erasure is usually accomplished by overwriting data or deleting reference information. 12.01.04 initialization the operation required to set a device to its initial state before using the data medium or before implementing a process. 12.01.05 formatting
The initialization of data media so that a particular computer system can store data to the media and later retrieve data from it.
12.01.06 to mount
To place a data medium in a position for operation. 12. 01. 07
to rewind
To wind a magnetic or perforated tape back to its starting position. 12.01.08
A path on a data medium associated with a single read/write head as the medium moves past the head. alternate track; alternative track 12. 01. 09
A spare track used to replace a normal track when it becomes damaged or inoperable. 12.01.10 index track
A track whose contents are used to locate data on other tracks on the same data medium. 12. 01. 11
clock track
A track on which a signal pattern is recorded to provide a timing reference. 12.01.12 error rate
The ratio of the total number of errors detected to the total amount of data transmitted or transferred. 12.01.13 error correction A method of correcting erroneous data generated during the transmission, transfer or storage of data. 12.01.14 error detection A method of determining whether data has been transmitted or transferred in error. soft error
12.01.15 soft error
transient error
an error that occurs unexpectedly and may not appear when the data is subsequently read. 6 hard error
12.01. 16
a permanent error that always appears when the data is subsequently read. 12.01.17 backup (adjective) used to modify measures, techniques, or hardware that can help recover lost or damaged data or keep a system running. 12. 01. 18 print through when two parts of a magnetic medium are brought close together, the recorded signal prints through from one part of the medium to the other, resulting in an undesirable transfer.
12. 01. 19 reference edge; guide edge the edge of a data medium used to establish specifications or measurements. 12.01.20 tape row; tape frame A set of binary characters recorded or sensed in parallel on a line perpendicular to the reference edge of the tape. 28r
12.01.21 row pitch
rowpitch
GB/T 5271. 12—2000
The distance between adjacent tape rows measured along the tracks on the recording data medium. 12.01.22 rack pitch
The distance between adjacent tracks measured in a direction perpendicular to the tracks. Note: Track pitch is proportional to track density.
track density
The number of tracks per unit length measured in a direction perpendicular to the tracks. Note: Track density is inversely proportional to track pitch.
physical recording densityphysical recordingdensity12.01.24
The number of flux reversals recorded per unit length or angle on a track. Note: Commonly used units are: flux reversals per millimeter (ftpmm) for length, flux reversals per degree of arc (ftprad) for angle. 12.01.25 bit density
recording density recording density
a measure of the number of bits recorded per unit length or area. 12.01.26 data densitypacking density(use is discouraged in this sense)The number of data characters stored per unit length, area or volume.Notes1Data density is usually expressed in characters per millimetre (cpmm) or characters per degree of arc (cprad).2The total storage capacity on a disk is usually specified, but the data density is not.12.01.27data medium protection devicedata medium protection deviceA removable or removable device that allows only reading of the data medium.3to backspace (a data medium)12. 01. 28
To move a data medium in the reverse direction a specified distance. Example: to move a punched tape in the reverse direction one line; to move a magnetic tape in the reverse direction one block.12.01.29
to backspace (position) 12.01.30 core A piece of magnetic material, usually in the form of a ring, used as a memory device. 12.01.31 magnetic tape
A strip of material with a magnetic layer capable of storing data. 12.01.32
A container for magnetic tape, driven by a shaft, from which the tape can be moved while it is in motion. 12.01.33
A container for magnetic tape, driven by friction, from which the tape can be moved while it is in motion. Note: The terms "cassette" and "cartridge" are sometimes used interchangeably when the drive mechanism is not considered. 12.01.34 magnetic card A card with a magnetic layer capable of storing data. 12.01.35
5 magnetic drum drum
a right cylinder with a magnetic layer that can store *data12. 07.36 magnetic disk a flat disk with a magnetic surface on one or both sides on which *data can be stored. 12.01.37 floppy disk (disk); flexible disk287
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a flexible disk enclosed in a protective case. hard disk
12. 01. 38
a fixed disk.
12.01.39 diskette
a small disk enclosed in a protective case.
Note: The terms "diskette" and "floppy disk" are sometimes used interchangeably. 12.01.40 Diskpack
A combination of several disks including a container. The diskpack is removed from the disk drive as a whole. When running, the disks must be separated from the container.
12.01.41 disk cartridge a combination of one or more disks and a container in which the disks can be removed from the drive as a unit, but the cartridge cannot be separated from its associated container. 12.01.42
2 data module
-a removable sealed disk package that combines a read-write assembly with several disks. 12.01.43 optical disk
digital optical disk-a disk containing digital data that can be read optically. 12.01.44 drop-out
magnetic storage*an error caused by the inability to read binary characters during the process of storing or retrieving data. Note: A drop-out is usually caused by defects in the magnetic surface or the presence of particles on the surface. 12.01.45 missing-pulse-a pulse whose level cannot be read or recorded. S drop-inwwW.bzxz.Net
Error detected during the process of storing or retrieving data from a magnetic storage device due to the reading of a binary character that is not a prerecorded character. Note: Drop-in is usually caused by defects in the magnetic surface or the presence of particles on the surface. 12.01.47
extra-pulse
An unacceptable extra pulse during the recording or reading process. 12.01.48 magnetic ink a special ink containing particles of magnetic material suitable for recording data. 12.01.49 magnetic ink character a character whose printed form is read and thus automatically identified. 12.01.50 optical character a graphic character printed or written according to special rules so as to be automatically identified by optical means. 12.01.515
character recognition character identification by automatic means. 12.01.52#
Magnetic ink character recognition
I magnetic ink character recognitionMICR(abbreviation)MICR(abbreviation) Character recognition of magnetic ink characters. 12.01.53 Optical character recognitionOCR(abbreviation)OCR(abbreviation)-A type of character recognition that uses optical means to identify graphic characters. 12.01.54Mark scanningoptical mark reading28S
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Automatic optical sensing of marks recorded on data media. Bar codebar code
A code representing characters, consisting of groups of parallel lines with variable width and spacing, which are read by horizontal optical scanning.
Hole patternhole pattern
-An arrangement of holes used to implement the coded representation of data on data media. Example: an arrangement of perforations to achieve the representation of a single character. 12.01.57
pattern recognitionidentification of shape, form or configuration by automatic means. 12.01.58 (punch) tapea tape that can be punched with holes.
12.01. 59 punched tapea tape that has been punched with holes.
tape spool; hub
12.01. 60
a cylinder without a rim around which the tape can be wound. reel
a cylinder with a rim around which the tape can be wound. 12.01.62 punch carda card that can be punched with holes.
12.01.63 punched card
a card that has been punched with holes.
12. 01. 64
aperture card
a standard-sized, disposable card into which microfilm can be inserted. 12.01.65
card deck
a group of punched cards.
functional characteristics of storage
11. 01. 12 storage (device) a functional component that can hold, store, and retrieve data. 12.02.01 storage storing
the act of placing data into storage.
12. 02. 02 storage (1) to store
to place data into storage.
storage (2) to store
to retain data in storage.
storagestorage
12. 02. 04
The storage of data in memory.
12.02.05 (storage) location (storage) location A location in memory that is uniquely specified by an address. 12.02.06 storage cell storage element storage element
The smallest addressable unit in memory.
12.02.07 binary cell A storage unit that can hold a binary character. 289
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12.02.08 word-organized storage A storage device that stores or retrieves data in units of computer words or, in relative durations, in units of parts of computer words.
12.02.09 static storage
static storage
a memory that does not require periodic refresh.
12.02.10 dynamic storagedynamic storage-a memory that requires periodic refresh.
12.02.11 erasable storagea memory that can repeatedly write different data in the same storage location. 12. 02. 12
fixed storage
permanent storage
a non-erasable memory.
12.02.13 read-only memoryROM(abbreviation)ROM(abbreviation)a memory that can only read*data under normal circumstances. 12.02.14 random access memoryRAM
a memory in which data can be read*and*written. Note: RAM is the abbreviation of \Random Access Memory\, which is different from the meaning of direct access memory. 12.02.15
5Programmable read-only memoryProgrammable read-only memoryPROM (abbreviation)PROM (abbreviation)A type of memory that becomes read-only memory after being written once. 12.02.16Erasable programmable read-only memoryEPROM (abbreviation)EPROM (abbreviation)A type of programmable read-only memory that can be erased and reused through a special process. 12.02.17
Volatile storageA type of memory whose contents are lost when power is removed. 12.02.18Nonvolatile storageA type of memory whose contents are not lost when power is removed. 12.02.19Nondestructive readA read that does not erase the data at the source location. 12.02.20 destructive read destructive read The reading of data at the erase source location.
storage capacitystorage capacity
storage sizestorage size
The total amount of data that can be contained in a memory, measured in the number of data units. Notes
1 Data units may be binary characters, bytes, words, etc. 2 For registers, the term "register length" has the same meaning as in this entry. 12.02.22 Direct access Random access (deprecated) The ability to retrieve data from or input data into a memory by specifying the address of the physical location of the data, in an order that is independent of the relative location of the data.
12.02.23 Sequential access serial access
Serial access
GB/T 5271. 12—2000
The ability to input data into a storage device or data medium in the same order in which the data are sorted, or to retrieve data in the same order in which the data are input.
12.02.24 Pushdown storage stack (storage) A type of storage in which data are sorted in such a way that the next data element to be retrieved is the last one stored in the storage. Note: This method is called "last in, first out" (LIFO). 12.02.25 Pushup storage pushup storage A type of storage in which data are sorted in such a way that the next data element to be retrieved is the first one stored in the storage. Note: This method is called "first in, first out" (FIFO). 12.02.26 stack pointer stack indicator
It indicates the address of the storage location at which the last data item stored in the push-down memory is located. 12.02.27 associative storage content addressable storage A type of storage in which storage locations are identified by their contents or parts of their contents rather than by their names or locations.
12. 02.28 storage protection storage protection restricts access to a storage device or one or more storage locations by preventing writes, reads, or both. 12.02.29 transfer time transfer time The time interval between the start and end of a data transfer. Note: See Figure 1.
12.02.30 latency; waiting time The time interval between the time when the instruction controller initiates a data call and the time when the data transfer actually begins. Note: See Figure 1.
Access timeaccess time
12. 02. 31
The time interval between the time when a data call is initiated and the time when the data transfer is completed. Notes
1 Access time is equal to the waiting time plus the transfer time. 2 See Figure 1.
Mean access time
J mean access time
The average access time used for normal operation of the device. 12.02.23Seek timeseek time
Positioning timepositioning time
The time required to position the access arm of a direct access* memory on the corresponding track. Note: See Figure 1.
Search timesearch time
12.02. 34
I rotational time
Rotational time
The time required for the read/write head of a direct access* memory to position a particular record on the track corresponding to a given address or a given key.
Note: See Figure 1.
12.02.35 Rotational position sensing
I rotational position sensingRPS(abbreviation)RPS(abbreviation)--A technique used to continuously monitor the position of the disk to indicate the currently available read*write position. Note: This technique is a continuous comparison of the read/write head position with an appropriate synchronization signal. 291
12.02.36 Cycle timecycle time
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The minimum time interval between the start points of successive read/write cycles of a memory. 12.02.37 read[write] cycle timeread[write] cycle timeThe minimum time interval between successive read[write] cycles of a memory, which separates the read cycle from the write cycle. 12.02.38 nominal transfer ratenominal transfer rateThe specified or theoretical number of characters that can be transferred per unit time. 12.02.39 Effective transfer rate The actual number of characters of user data transmitted per unit time. 12.03 Memory technologies
12.03.01 Electrostatic storage
A type of memory that utilizes the charged areas on a dielectric surface layer. 12.03.02 Integrated circuit memoryIC memoryIC memoryA type of memory that consists of transistors, diodes, and other circuit elements fabricated on a chip of crystalline material. 12.03.031 Cryogenic storage
A type of memory that utilizes the superconducting and magnetic properties of certain materials at very low temperatures. Magnetic storage
A type of memory that utilizes the magnetic properties of certain materials. 12.03.05 Optical storage; optical memory, a type of memory that utilizes optical technology. bubble memory bubble memory
12.03.06#
A type of magnetic memory made using movable, nonvolatile and changeable cylindrical magnetized regions in a thin film. coincident-current selection12.03.07
In an array of cells in a magnetic memory, the selective flipping of a cell is achieved by applying one or more currents to the cell simultaneously, which causes the resultant magnetomotive force to exceed the threshold of the selected cell. 12.03.08 magnetic recording magnetic recording A technology that stores data by selectively magnetizing a magnetizable material. 12. 03. 09 longitudinal magnetic recording longitudinal magnetic recording A technology in which the magnetic polarity of the data is aligned with the length of the recording magnetic field. perpendicular magnetic recording perpendicular magnetic recording;vertical magnetic recording12.03.10
A technology in which the magnetic polarity of the data is perpendicular to the plane of the recording layer. 12.03.11
magnetic drum storage A type of magnetic storage that stores data* on the surface of a magnetic drum by magnetic recording. The drum rotates around an axis when in use. 12.03.12 (magnetic) disk storage A type of magnetic storage that stores data* on the surface of one or more disks by magnetic recording. The disks rotate around a common axis when in use. 12. 03. 13 magnetic tape storage A type of magnetic storage that stores data* on the surface of a magnetic tape by magnetic recording. The tape moves longitudinally when in use. 12.03.14 magnetic card storage A type of magnetic storage that stores data* on the surface of a thin, flexible card by magnetic recording. 12.03.15 return-to-reference recording A type of magnetic recording of binary characters so that the magnetization region representing "0" and "1" occupies only a portion of the storage cell, and the rest of the cell is magnetized to the reference state.
6 non-return-to-zero recording292
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NRZ(abbreviation) NRZ(abbreviation) non-return-to-reference recording A type of magnetic recording of binary characters so that the magnetization region representing "0\ and "1\" occupies the entire storage cell; no part of the storage cell is magnetized to the reference state.
phase modulation recording12.03.17
phase encoding
A type of magnetic recording that divides each storage cell into two magnetization regions of opposite polarity, the order of these polarities representing whether the binary digit is 0 or 1.
Note: See Figure 2.
12.03.18 Double-pulse recording A phase-modulated recording method with non-magnetized areas on both sides of the magnetized area. Note: See Figure 2.
return-to-zero recording
12.03.19 Return-to-zero recording
RZ(abbreviation) RZ(abbreviation) A return-to-zero recording method in which the reference state is non-magnetized. 12.03.20
polarized return-to-zero recording RZ(P)(abbreviation) RZ(P)(abbreviation)) A return-to-zero recording method in which one magnetization polarity represents "0" and another opposite magnetization polarity represents "1". Note: See Figure 2.
non-return-to-zero (change) recording 12.03.21 Non-return-to-zero (change) recording NRZ(C) (abbreviation) NRZ(C) (abbreviation) A non-return-to-zero recording method that uses magnetization to a specified state to represent "0" and magnetization to another specified state to represent "1"; the magnetization state changes only when the value represented changes. Notes
1 The two states can be saturated magnetization and non-magnetization, but saturated magnetization of opposite polarity is more commonly used. 2 See Figure 2.
12.03.22 non-return-to-zero change-on-ones recordingNRZ-1(abbreviation) NRZ-1(abbreviation) non-return-to-zero(mark)recordingNRZ(M)(abbreviation)A non-return-to-zero recording method that uses a change in magnetization to represent "1" and does not change the magnetization to represent "0". Notes
1 "(Mark) recording method", because only the "1\ or mark signal is clearly recorded. 2 See Figure 2.
12.03.23 Non-return-to-zero change-on-zeros recording NRZ-O (abbreviation) NRZ-0 (abbreviation) A non-return-to-zero recording method that uses a change in magnetization to represent "0" and does not change the magnetization to represent "1". 12.03.24 Frequency modulation recording FM recording (abbreviation) FM recording (abbreviation) A non-return-to-zero recording method with a change in magnetization at each cell boundary and a further change in magnetization at the cell center to represent "1".
Note: See Figure 2.
12.03.25 Modified frequency modulation recording modified frequency modulation recordingMFMrecording (abbreviation)29325 modified frequency modulation recording MFM recording (abbreviation) 29325 modified frequency modulation recording MFM recording (abbreviation) 293
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