NF P18-411-中文
混凝土硬材料弯曲、压缩、拉力试验用液压万能试验机的一般特性
NF P18-411-中文
General characteristics of hydraulic universal testing machines for bending, compression and tension tests of hard materials
标准信息
STANDARD INFORMATION- 标准编号
- NF P18-411-中文
- 所属分类
- NF 法国标准
- 发布机构
- AFNOR
- 版本年份
- 1981
- 文件语言
- 英语
- 文件格式
- 文件页数
- 6 页
- 文件大小
- 249.24 KB
中文名称为参考译名,文件语言以原文为准。
· 更新:
标准简介
OVERVIEW中文简介
该标准规定了用于混凝土、钢筋混凝土、石块等硬材料力学试验(弯曲、压缩、拉力)的液压万能试验机的一般特性。它详细定义了机器的可靠性、精确度、测量范围等关键指标,并对机器部件、分类及标识进行了规范。
English summary
This standard specifies the general characteristics of hydraulic universal testing machines used for bending, compression, and tension tests of hard materials such as concrete and stone. It defines key performance indicators like reliability, accuracy, and measurement range, while detailing machine components, classification, and marking requirements.
以上为根据文件整理的内容简介。
相关标签
标准内容预览
DOCUMENT PREVIEW1.4.3.12 活塞的有用表面
在测力装置包含可替换构件(压力计)的情况下,有必要了解活塞的有用表面,定义如下:
—汽缸和活塞的平均面积,如果活塞是磨合的;
—汽缸截面面积,如果密封是通过活塞的密封环来保证的;
—活塞的面积,如果密封是通过汽缸的密封环来保证的;
—上述面积中的一种,如果活塞杆位于液体发动机中,根据活塞拉杆的面积减少。
1.5 分类
试验机器分为以下几类:
根据精确度和可靠性的极限值;
依照 2.1.3 条规定的极限值(1),分为三类:A,B 和 C。
根据其使用程度
新机器:出厂后几乎没有经过使用(少于 100 次试验)。
工作机器
需要重新校准的机器(移动、调整或修理后)
需要检查的机器
需要重新定级的机器(全部或部分定级)
需要报废的机器
2 说明
2.1 机器总体指标
2.1.1 规格与动力
机器应该用于特征符合正常使用标准(规格与断裂荷载)的试块。对于试块而言,如机器体积过大,或其力度大大超过试块强度,可能会使试验结果有误。
当机器用于高度明显超过正常试块的试验时,应配备如垫块,紧固螺丝等的保护装置,使得便于放置试块,对于任何高度,防止出现“零”调整和“零”控制。
2.1.2 测量范围与有效范围
机器的测量范围由测量刻度的有效部范围构成。
每个测量刻度的有效范围由至少 80%的上部构成。
(1)用于一种产品试验的待使用的机器等级由相应的标准荷载记录等来确定。
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Révision de la présente publication
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu par la Commission afin d'assurer qu'il reflète bien l'état actuel de la technique.
Les renseignements relatifs à ce travail de révision, à l'établissement des éditions révisées et aux mises à jour peuvent être obtenus auprès des Comités nationaux de la CEI et en consultant les documents ci-dessous :
- Bulletin de la CEI
- Annuaire de la CEI
- Catalogue des publications de la CEI
Publié annuellement
Terminologie
En ce qui concerne la terminologie générale, le lecteur se reportera à la Publication 50 de la CEI : Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI), qui est établie sous forme de chapitres séparés traitant chacun d'un sujet défini, l'Index général étant publié séparément. Des détails complets sur le VEI peuvent être obtenus sur demande.
Les termes et définitions figurant dans la présente publication ont été soit repris du VEI, soit spécifiquement approuvés aux fins de cette publication.
Symboles graphiques et littéraux
Pour les symboles graphiques, symboles littéraux et signes d'usage général approuvés par la CEI, le lecteur consultera :
- la Publication 27 de la CEI : Symboles littéraux à utiliser en électrotechnique ;
- la Publication 617 de la CEI : Symboles graphiques pour schémas.
Les symboles et signes contenus dans la présente publication ont été soit repris des Publications 27 ou 617 de la CEI, soit spécifiquement approuvés aux fins de cette publication.
Publications de la CEI établies par le même Comité d'Etudes
L'attention du lecteur est attirée sur la page 3 de la couverture, qui énumère les publications de la CEI préparées par le Comité d'Etudes qui a établi la présente publication.
Revision of this publication
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology.
Information on the work of revision, the issue of revised editions and amendment sheets may be obtained from IEC National Committees and from the following IEC sources :
- IEC Bulletin
- IEC Yearbook
- Catalogue of IEC Publications
Published yearly
Terminology
For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC Publication 50 : International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), which is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing with a specific field, the General Index being published as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplied on request.
The terms and definitions contained in the present publication have either been taken from the IEV or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication.
Graphical and letter symbols
For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to :
- IEC Publication 27 : Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology ;
- IEC Publication 617 : Graphical symbols for diagrams.
The symbols and signs contained in the present publication have either been taken from IEC Publications 27 or 617, or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication.
IEC publications prepared by the same Technical Committee
The attention of readers is drawn to the inside of the back cover, which lists IEC publications issued by the Technical Committee which has prepared the present publication.
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SOMMAIRE
| pages | |
|---|---|
| Extrait de l'arrêté du 12 février 2004 relatif à la composition du cahier des clauses techniques générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux et approuvant ou modifiant divers fascicules | III |
| Circulaire n° 2004-16 du 4 mars 2004 relative à la modification du fascicule 56 du Cahier des clauses techniques générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux | V |
| Rapport de présentation | IX |
| Fascicule 56 | |
| Table des matières | 1 |
| Fascicule 56 | 7 |
| Annexes | 77 |
| Liste des membres du groupe de travail | 129 |
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
| Pages | |
| Extraits du décret n° 83-253 du 8 avril 1987 relatif à la composition du cahier des clauses techniques générales applicables aux marchés publics de travaux et approuvant ou modifiant divers fascicules | V |
| Fascicule n° 76 — Textes et commentaires | 2 |
| Annexes | 41 |
| Rapport de présentation | 71 |
:current
Foreword
This document (EN 10216-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee EC/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Other Parts of EN 10216 are:
| Part 1: | Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties |
| Part 2: | Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties |
| Part 4: | Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties |
| Part 5: | Stainless steel tubes |
Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is:
| EN 10217: | Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes |
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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ISO 657-1 : 1988 (E)
Table 1 — Dimensions and sectional properties of hot-rolled equal-leg angles (concluded)
| Designation | Mass kg/m | Sectional area cm² | Dimensions | Distances of centre of gravity | Sectional properties about axes | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X-X = Y-Y | U-U | V-V | ||||||||||||||
| A mm | l mm | rroot mm | cx = cy cm | cu cm | cv cm | Ix = Iy cm⁴ | rx = ry cm | Zx = Zy cm³ | Iu cm⁴ | ru cm | Iv cm⁴ | rv cm | Zv cm³ | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | (15) | (16) | (17) |
| 200 × 200 × 16 | 48,5 | 61,8 | 200 | 16 | 18 | 5,52 | 14,1 | 7,81 | 2 340 | 6,16 | 162 | 3 720 | 7,76 | 960 | 3,94 | 123 |
| 200 × 200 × 20 | 59,9 | 76,3 | 200 | 20 | 18 | 5,68 | 14,1 | 8,04 | 2 850 | 6,11 | 199 | 4 530 | 7,70 | 1 170 | 3,92 | 146 |
| 200 × 200 × 24 | 71,1 | 90,6 | 200 | 24 | 18 | 5,84 | 14,1 | 8,26 | 3 330 | 6,06 | 235 | 5 280 | 7,64 | 1 380 | 3,90 | 167 |
| 250 × 250 × 28 | 104 | 133 | 250 | 28 | 18 | 7,24 | 17,7 | 10,2 | 7 700 | 7,62 | 433 | 12 200 | 9,61 | 3 170 | 4,89 | 309 |
| 250 × 250 × 35 | 128 | 163 | 250 | 35 | 18 | 7,50 | 17,7 | 10,6 | 9 260 | 7,54 | 529 | 14 700 | 9,48 | 3 860 | 4,87 | 364 |
NOTES
- Member countries may choose, to be included in their national standards, the sizes which are required to meet their demand.
- For the angles so chosen, only thicknesses which can be rolled in their mills to meet the demand of the users may be selected from the list of thicknesses corresponding to equal angles in table 1.
- The sectional area has been calculated using the formula
S = [l/2 A - l) + 0,214 6 (rroot² - 2rtoe²)] × 1/100
where
S is the sectional area, in square centimetres;
l is the thickness, in millimetres;
rroot is the root radius, in millimetres;
rtoe is the toe radius, in millimetres;
A is the leg length, in millimetres.
- Mass is calculated on the basis of density of steel of 7,85 kg/dm³.
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