低压交流电力系统中的浪涌过电压和浪涌保护 - 一般基础信息

Figures

Figure 20 – Example of distribution of switching surge amplitudes measured in industrial distribution systems rated 230/400 V

Figure 21 – Switching surge during interruption by a miniature fuse [48]

Figure 22 – Distribution of the relative frequency of occurrence of switching surges at different installations

Figure 23 – PC/modem connections to the power system and to the communications system

Figure 24 – Example of diversion of lightning current into the external services (TT system)

Figure 25 – Considerations required for the selection of an SPD

Figure 26 – Effect of additional connecting lead on the limiting voltage of a varistor

Figure 27 – Basic model for energy coordination of SPDs

Figure A.1 – Frequency distribution of the lightning peak current I_max

Figure A.2 – Frequency distribution of the total lightning charge Q_total

Figure A.3 – Frequency distribution of the transient lightning charge Q_trans

Figure A.4 – Frequency distribution of the specific lightning energy W/R

Figure A.5 – Frequency distribution of the maximum slope of transient current (di/dt)_max

Figure A.6 – Frequency distribution of the slope of current (di/dt)_30/90 % of negative subsequent strokes

Figure A.7 – Simplified example with lightning flash to overhead LV line

Figure A.8 – Prospective voltages between line and true earth at point of strike (node 1), at the transformer (node 2) and at the neutral conductor in the consumer installation (node 3)

Figure A.9 – Prospective voltages relative to true earth at node 3 and at node 4

Figure A.10 – Current to earth at the point of strike (node 1), at the transformer (node 2), and at the consumer installation (node 3)

Figure A.11 – Distribution of overvoltage peak magnitudes recorded at the primary of an MV/LV transformer

Figure A.12 – Circuit used for the statistical computation

Figure A.13 – Comparison of measured overvoltages [51] and computed overvoltages (Anastasia)

Figure A.14 – Model for computing dispersion of lightning current among parallel buildings (TN-C system) [24]

Figure A.15 – Dispersion of lightning current among the paths defined in figure A.14

Figure A.16 – Model for computing dispersion of lightning current among parallel buildings (TN-C system, Building 2 with no LPS and no SPDs at the service entrance) [24]

Figure A.17 – Currents and voltage for the example of figure A.16

Figure B.1 – Example illustrating transient resonance caused by switching

Figure B.2 – Calculated overvoltages at the circuit nodes of figure B.1

Figure B.3 – Typical overvoltage occurring during capacitor bank energizing

Figure B.4a – Magnification condition

Figure B.4b – Voltage magnification effect

Figure B.4 – Magnification of capacitor switching overvoltage at remote bank

Figure B.5 – Principle of overvoltage generated by clearing a short-circuit

Figure B.6 – Example of survey of switching overvoltages in three types of installations

Figure B.7 – Switching surges in an industrial plant measured near the collecting bar

Figure B.8 – Frequency of occurrence at selected sites and overall results

Figure B.9 – Test circuit and surge during trip of a miniature breaker due to inrush overload

Figure B.10 – Example of overvoltage at the secondary collecting bar of a 230/400 V transformer substation when blowing 100 A fuses of a feeder

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En ce qui concerne la terminologie générale, le lecteur se reportera à la Publication 50 de la CEI : Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI), qui est établie sous forme de chapitres séparés traitant chacun d'un sujet défini, l'Index général étant publié séparément. Des détails complets sur le VEI peuvent être obtenus sur demande.

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• la Publication 617 de la CEI : Symboles graphiques pour schémas.

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2

NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

CEI IEC 50(426) Première édition First edition 1990-10 Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International Chapitre 426 : Matériel électrique pour atmosphères explosives International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 426 : Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres Международный Электротехнический Словарь Глава 426 : Электрооборудование для взрывоопасных сред © CEI 1990 Droits de reproduction réservés - Copyright - all rights reserved - Право издания охраняется законом Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Запрещается Без письменного разрешения издателя воспроизведение или копирование этой публикации или ее части в любой форме или любыми средствами — электронными или механическими, включая фотоконю и микрофильм. Bureau central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève Suisse Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Международная Электротехническая Комиссия Code prix Price code Код цены S Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue Цена указана в действующем каталоге 3

50(715) © IEC:1996

CONTENTS

FOREWORD	VII
PREFACE	VII
Sections
715-01	Basic terms	1
715-02	Resources	10
715-03	Calls	17
715-04	Times and delays	22
715-05	Traffic	24
715-06	Circuit groups	32
715-07	Traffic engineering	34
715-08	Networks	41
715-09	Circuit switched networks	46
715-10	Message switched networks	51
715-11	Packet switched networks	52
Index	53

:current

Foreword

This document (EN 10216-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee EC/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

Other Parts of EN 10216 are:

Part 1:	Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
Part 2:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
Part 4:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties
Part 5:	Stainless steel tubes

Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is:

EN 10217:

Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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1 Scope

This Part of EN 10216 specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, made of weldable alloyed fine grained steel.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by date or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

The requirements of this European Standard rule when they differ from those in the standards and documents referred to below:

EN 10002-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature).

EN 10002-5, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 5: Method of testing (at elevated temperature).

EN 10020, Definitions and classification of grades of steel.

EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products.

EN 10045-1, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method.

EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products.

EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.

EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels - Part 1: Steel names, principle symbols.

EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels Part 2: Numerical systems.

ENV 10220, Seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and masses per unit length

EN 10233, Metallic materials - Tubes - Flattening test.

EN 10234, Metallic materials - Tubes - Drift expanding test.

EN 10236, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring expanding test.

EN 10237, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring tensile test.

EN 10246-1, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes Part 1: Automatic electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness.

EN 10246-5, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 5: Automatic full peripheral magnetic transducer/flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

EN 10246-6, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 6: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless steel tubes for the detection of transverse imperfections.

EN 10246-7, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 7: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

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