架空输电线路设计准则

Figures and Tables

Figure A.9 – Type of accreted in-cloud icing as a function of wind speed and temperature................................................................................................................173

Figure A.10 – Strategy flow chart for utilizing meteorological data, icing models and field measurements of ice loads................................................................................................................177

Figure B.1 – Fitting of Gumbel distribution with wind data histogram................................................................................................................187

Figure B.2 – Fitting of Gumbel distribution with yearly minimum temperature histogram................................................................................................................193

Figure B.3 – Fitting of Gamma distribution with ice load histogram................................................................................................................195

Figure B.4 – Fitting data from in-cloud icing with Gumbel distribution................................................................................................................197

Figure B.5 – Fitting of Weibull distribution with strength data of lattice supports................................................................................................................199

Figure C.1 – Probability density function of standardized normal distribution................................................................................................................219

Figure C.2 – Probability density function of standardized log-normal distribution................................................................................................................223

Figure C.3 – Probability density function of standardized Gumbel distribution................................................................................................................227

Figure C.4 – Probability density function of standardized Weibull distribution for parameter p₃ = 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0................................................................................................................231

Figure C.5 – Probability density function of standardized Gamma distribution for parameter p₃ = 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0................................................................................................................235

Figure C.6 – Probability density function of standardized beta distribution for parameters r = 5,0, t = 5,5; 6,0 and 7,0................................................................................................................239

Table 1 – Reliability levels for transmission lines................................................................................................................35

Table 2 – Default γ_f factors for adjustment of climatic loads in relation to return period T vs. 50 years................................................................................................................39

Table 3 – Design requirements for the system................................................................................................................39

Table 4 – Classification of terrain categories................................................................................................................45

Table 5 – Correction factor τ of dynamic reference wind pressure q₀ due to altitude and temperatures................................................................................................................47

Table 6 – Non-uniform ice loading conditions................................................................................................................71

Table 7 – Return period of combined ice and wind load................................................................................................................73

Table 8 – Drag coefficients of ice-covered conductors................................................................................................................77

Table 9 – Additional security measures................................................................................................................87

Table 10 – Number of supports subjected to maximum load intensity during any single occurrence of a climatic event................................................................................................................89

Table 11 – Strength factor φ_N related to the number N of components or elements subjected to the critical load intensity................................................................................................................91

Table 12 – Values of φ_S2................................................................................................................91

Table 13 – Typical strength coordination of line components................................................................................................................93

Table 14 – Damage and failure limits of supports................................................................................................................93

Table 15 – Damage and failure limits of foundations................................................................................................................95

Table 16 – Damage and failure limits of conductors and ground wires................................................................................................................95

Table 17 – Damage and failure limit of interface components................................................................................................................97

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• la Publication 617 de la CEI : Symboles graphiques pour schémas.

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IEC publications prepared by the same Technical Committee

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2

NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

NORME INTERNATIONALE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ

CEI IEC 50(426) Première édition First edition 1990-10 Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International Chapitre 426 : Matériel électrique pour atmosphères explosives International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 426 : Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres Международный Электротехнический Словарь Глава 426 : Электрооборудование для взрывоопасных сред © CEI 1990 Droits de reproduction réservés - Copyright - all rights reserved - Право издания охраняется законом Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Запрещается Без письменного разрешения издателя воспроизведение или копирование этой публикации или ее части в любой форме или любыми средствами — электронными или механическими, включая фотоконю и микрофильм. Bureau central de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 3, rue de Varembé Genève Suisse Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission Международная Электротехническая Комиссия Code prix Price code Код цены S Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue Цена указана в действующем каталоге 3

50(715) © IEC:1996

CONTENTS

FOREWORD	VII
PREFACE	VII
Sections
715-01	Basic terms	1
715-02	Resources	10
715-03	Calls	17
715-04	Times and delays	22
715-05	Traffic	24
715-06	Circuit groups	32
715-07	Traffic engineering	34
715-08	Networks	41
715-09	Circuit switched networks	46
715-10	Message switched networks	51
715-11	Packet switched networks	52
Index	53

:current

Foreword

This document (EN 10216-3:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee EC/TC 29, "Steel tubes and fittings for steel tubes", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2002.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

Other Parts of EN 10216 are:

Part 1:	Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties
Part 2:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties
Part 4:	Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties
Part 5:	Stainless steel tubes

Another European Standard series covering tubes for pressure purposes is:

EN 10217:

Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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1 Scope

This Part of EN 10216 specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, made of weldable alloyed fine grained steel.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates by date or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For date references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

The requirements of this European Standard rule when they differ from those in the standards and documents referred to below:

EN 10002-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature).

EN 10002-5, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 5: Method of testing (at elevated temperature).

EN 10020, Definitions and classification of grades of steel.

EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products.

EN 10045-1, Metallic materials - Charpy impact test - Part 1: Test method.

EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products.

EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents.

EN 10027-1, Designation systems for steels - Part 1: Steel names, principle symbols.

EN 10027-2, Designation systems for steels Part 2: Numerical systems.

ENV 10220, Seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and masses per unit length

EN 10233, Metallic materials - Tubes - Flattening test.

EN 10234, Metallic materials - Tubes - Drift expanding test.

EN 10236, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring expanding test.

EN 10237, Metallic materials - Tubes - Ring tensile test.

EN 10246-1, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes Part 1: Automatic electromagnetic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for verification of hydraulic leak-tightness.

EN 10246-5, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 5: Automatic full peripheral magnetic transducer/flux leakage testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

EN 10246-6, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 6: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless steel tubes for the detection of transverse imperfections.

EN 10246-7, Non-Destructive Testing of steel tubes - Part 7: Automatic full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded (except submerged arc welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal imperfections.

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