公路桥梁标准规范

INTRODUCTION

The compilation of these specifications began in 1921 with the organization of the Committee on Bridges and Structures of the American Association of State Highway Officials. During the period from 1921, until printed in 1931, the specifications were gradually developed, and as the several divisions were approved from time to time, they were made available in mimeographed form for use of the State Highway Departments and other organizations. A complete specification was available in 1926 and it was revised in 1928. Though not in printed form, the specifications were valuable to the bridge engineering profession during the period of development.

The first edition of the Standard Specifications was published in 1931, and it was followed by the 1935, 1941, 1944, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1983, 1989, and 1992 revised editions. The present sixteenth edition constitutes a revision of the 1992 specifications, including those changes adopted since the publication of the fifteenth edition and those through 1995. The constant research and development in steel, concrete, and timber structures practically dictates the necessity of revising the specifications every few years, and the 1996 edition continues this trend.

Interim Specifications are usually published in the middle of the calendar year, and a revised edition of this book is generally published every 4 years. The Interim Specifications have the same status as standards of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, but are tentative revisions approved by at least two-thirds of the Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures. These revisions are voted on by the Association Member Departments prior to the publication of each new edition of this book, and if approved by at least two-thirds of the members, they are included in the new edition as standards of the Association. Members of the Association are the 50 State Highway or Transportation Departments, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Each member has one vote. The U.S. Department of Transportation is a nonvoting member.

Annual Interim Specifications are generally used by the States after their adoption by the Bridge Subcommittee. Orders for these annual Interim Specifications should be sent to the Publication Sales Office of the Association at 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249, Washington, D.C. 20001, (202)624-5800.

The Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges are intended to serve as a standard or guide for the preparation of State specifications and for reference by bridge engineers.

Primarily, the specifications set forth minimum requirements which are consistent with current practice, and certain modifications may be necessary to suit local conditions. They apply to ordinary highway bridges and supplemental specifications may be required for unusual types and for bridges with spans longer than 500 feet.

Specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Welding Society, the American Wood Preservers Association, and the National Forest Products Association are referred to, or are recognized. Numerous research bulletins are noted for references.

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the above organizations, as well as to those universities and representatives of industry whose research efforts and consultations have been most helpful in continual improvement of these specifications.

Extensive references have been made to the Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, including equivalent ASTM specifications which have been reproduced in the Association's Standard Specifications by permission of the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Attention is also directed to the following publications prepared and published by the Bridge Subcommittee:

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

1995–1996

VOTING MEMBERS

Officers:

President: Bill Burnett, Texas

Vice President: Darrell Rensink, Iowa

Secretary/Treasurer: Clyde E. Pyers, Maryland

Regional Representatives:

Regions:

I Carlos I. Pesquara, Puerto Rico

II Robert L. Robinson, Mississippi

III Patrick Nowak, Michigan

IV Marshall W. Moore, North Dakota

NON-VOTING MEMBERS

Immediate Past President: Wayne Shackleford, Georgia

Executive Director: Francis B. Francois, Washington, D.C.

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HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON BRIDGES AND STRUCTURES 1995

JAMES E. SIEBELS, COLORADO, Chairman

G. CHARLES LEWIS, GEORGIA, Vice Chairman

STANLEY GORDON, Federal Highway Administration, Secretary

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PREFACE
to
Sixteenth Edition

Major changes and revisions to this edition are as follows:

1. The Interim Specifications of 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 have been adopted and are included. (Note the 1996 interim, with commentary, were never published as a separate document.)
2. Entire Division I-A, Seismic Design, was revised. Entire section of Commentary and Supplements A & B of Division I-A were deleted.
3. Section 17, Soil-Reinforced Concrete Structure Interaction Systems, of Division I was revised.
4. Section 26, Metal Culverts, of Division II was revised.
5. Section 27, Concrete Culverts, of Division II was revised.
6. Section 29, Embedment Anchors, was added to Division II.

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INTRODUCTION

The compilation of these specifications began in 1921 with the organization of the Committee on Bridges and Structures of the American Association of State Highway Officials. During the period from 1921, until printed in 1931, the specifications were gradually developed, and as the several divisions were approved from time to time, they were made available in mimeographed form for use of the State Highway Departments and other organizations. A complete specification was available in 1926 and it was revised in 1928. Though not in printed form, the specifications were valuable to the bridge engineering profession during the period of development.

The first edition of the Standard Specifications was published in 1931, and it was followed by the 1935, 1941, 1944, 1949, 1953, 1957, 1961, 1965, 1969, 1973, 1977, 1983, 1989, and 1992 revised editions. The present sixteenth edition constitutes a revision of the 1992 specifications, including those changes adopted since the publication of the fifteenth edition and those through 1995. The constant research and development in steel, concrete, and timber structures practically dictates the necessity of revising the specifications every few years, and the 1996 edition continues this trend.

Interim Specifications are usually published in the middle of the calendar year, and a revised edition of this book is generally published every 4 years. The Interim Specifications have the same status as standards of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, but are tentative revisions approved by at least two-thirds of the Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures. These revisions are voted on by the Association Member Departments prior to the publication of each new edition of this book, and if approved by at least two-thirds of the members, they are included in the new edition as standards of the Association. Members of the Association are the 50 State Highway or Transportation Departments, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. Each member has one vote. The U.S. Department of Transportation is a nonvoting member.

Annual Interim Specifications are generally used by the States after their adoption by the Bridge Subcommittee. Orders for these annual Interim Specifications should be sent to the Publication Sales Office of the Association at 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249, Washington, D.C. 20001, (202)624-5800.

The Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges are intended to serve as a standard or guide for the preparation of State specifications and for reference by bridge engineers.

Primarily, the specifications set forth minimum requirements which are consistent with current practice, and certain modifications may be necessary to suit local conditions. They apply to ordinary highway bridges and supplemental specifications may be required for unusual types and for bridges with spans longer than 500 feet.

Specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials, the American Welding Society, the American Wood Preservers Association, and the National Forest Products Association are referred to, or are recognized. Numerous research bulletins are noted for references.

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the above organizations, as well as to those universities and representatives of industry whose research efforts and consultations have been most helpful in continual improvement of these specifications.

Extensive references have been made to the Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, including equivalent ASTM specifications which have been reproduced in the Association's Standard Specifications by permission of the American Society for Testing and Materials.

Attention is also directed to the following publications prepared and published by the Bridge Subcommittee:

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